Editing Hiberno-English (section)

=== Monophthongs ===
The following [[monophthong]]s are defining characteristics of Irish English:
* {{sc2|STRUT}} is typically [[central vowel|centralised]] in the mouth and often rounder than other standard English varieties, such as [[Received Pronunciation]] in England or [[General American]] in the United States.
* There is a partial [[trap-bath split]] in most Irish English varieties (cf. [[Variation in Australian English]]).
* There is inconsistency regarding the [[lot–cloth split]] and the [[cot–caught merger]]; certain Irish English dialects have these phenomena while others do not. The cot-caught merger by definition rules out the presence of the lot-cloth split.
* An [[Epenthesis|epenthetic]] [[schwa]] is often inserted between sonorants, e.g. ''film'' {{IPA|[ˈfɪləm]}} and ''form'' {{IPA|[ˈfɒɹəm]}}, due to the influence of the [[Irish language]].
* The words ''any'' and ''many'' are often exceptionally pronounced with {{IPA|/æ/}}, i.e. rhyme with ''Annie'' and ''Danny''.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Hickey|2007a|p=317}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! '''[[Help:IPA for English|Diaphoneme]]'''
! '''Ulster'''
! '''West & <br />South-West Ireland'''
! '''Local <br />Dublin'''
! '''Advanced <br />Dublin'''
! '''Supraregional <br />Ireland'''
! '''Example words'''
|-
| [[trap-bath split|flat]] {{IPA|/æ/}}
| {{IPA|[äː~a]}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[æ]}}
| {{IPA|[a]}}
| {{IPA|[æ~a]}}
| '''a'''dd, l'''a'''nd, tr'''a'''p
|-
| {{IPA|/ɑː/}} and [[trap-bath split|broad]] {{IPA|/æ/}}
| {{IPA|[äː~ɑː]}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[æː~aː]}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[aː]}}{{ref|D4|1}} 
| b'''a'''th, c'''a'''lm, d'''a'''nce
|-
| [[Conservative (language)|conservative]] {{IPA|/ɒ/}}
| {{IPA|[ɒ]}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[ä]}}
| {{IPA|[ɑ~ɒ~ɔ]}}
| {{IPA|[ɑ]}}
| l'''o'''t, t'''o'''p, w'''a'''sp
|-
| [[Lot–cloth split|divergent]] {{IPA|/ɒ/}}
| rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ɔː~ɒː]}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[aː~ä]}}
| {{IPA|[ɔː]}}
| {{IPA|[ɒ]}}
| l'''o'''ss, '''o'''ff
|-
|{{IPA|/ɔː/}}
| {{IPA|[ɒː~ɔː~oː]}}
| {{IPA|[ɒː]}}
| '''a'''ll, b'''ough'''t, s'''aw'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| colspan="5" | {{IPA|[ɛ]}}{{ref|SW|2}}
| dr'''e'''ss, m'''e'''t, br'''ea'''d
|-
| {{IPA|/ə/}}
| colspan="5" |{{IPA|[ə]}}
| '''a'''bout, syr'''u'''p, '''a'''ren'''a'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}}{{ref|happy|4}}
| {{IPA|[ë~ɘ~ɪ̈]}}
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɪ]}}
| h'''i'''t, sk'''i'''m, t'''i'''p
|-
| {{IPA|/iː/}}
| {{IPA|[i(ː)]}}{{ref|vowelbreaking|3}}
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |{{IPA|[i(ː)]}}
| b'''ea'''m, ch'''i'''c, fl'''ee'''t
|-
|{{IPA|/i/}}
|{{IPA|[e~ɪ]}}<ref name="de Gruyter 2004 91" />
| happ'''y''', coff'''ee''', mov'''ie'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ʌ/}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[ʌ̈~ʊ]}}
| {{IPA|[ʊ]}}
| {{IPA|[ɤ~ʊ]}}
| {{IPA|[ʌ̈~ʊ]}}
| b'''u'''s, fl'''oo'''d
|-
| {{IPA|/ʊ/}}
| rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ʉ(ː)]}}
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ʊ]}}
| b'''oo'''k, p'''u'''t, sh'''ou'''ld
|-
| {{IPA|/uː/}}
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[ʊu~uː]}}{{ref|vowelbreaking|3}}
| {{IPA|[ʊu~ʉu]}}
| f'''oo'''d, gl'''ue''', n'''ew'''
|}
'''Footnotes:'''

{{note|D4|1}}
In [[southside Dublin]]'s once-briefly fashionable "[[Dublin 4]]" (or "Dortspeak") accent, the "{{IPA|/ɑː/}} and broad {{IPA|/æ/}}" set becomes rounded as {{IPA|[ɒː]}}.<ref name="Dublin">{{cite book |last=Hickey |first=Raymond |title=Dublin English: Evolution and Change |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |date=2005 |pages=46–48}}</ref>

{{note|SW|2}} In South-West Ireland, {{IPA|/ɛ/}} before {{IPA|/n/}} or {{IPA|/m/}} is [[Pin-pen merger|raised to {{IPA|[ɪ]|cat=no}}]].<ref name="South-West">{{harv|de Gruyter|2004|p=84}}</ref>

{{note|vowelbreaking|3}} Due to the phenomenon of "vowel breaking" in local Dublin accents, {{IPA|/iː/}} and {{IPA|/uː/}} may be realised as {{IPA|[ijə]}} and {{IPA|[ʊuwə]}} in [[closed syllable]]s.

'''Other notes:'''

*In some highly conservative Irish English varieties, words spelled with {{vr|ea}} and pronounced with {{IPA|[iː]}} in [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] are pronounced with {{IPA|[eː]}}, for example ''meat'', ''beat'', and ''leaf''.
* In words like ''took'' where the spelling {{vr|oo}} usually represents {{IPA|/ʊ/}}, conservative speakers may use {{IPA|/uː/}}. This is most common in local Dublin and the speech of north-east Leinster.