Editing Herbert Hoover (section)

===Post-war relief in Europe===
{{Main|American Relief Administration}}
World War I came to an end in November 1918, but Europe continued to face a critical food situation; Hoover estimated that as many as 400 million people faced the possibility of starvation.{{sfn|Whyte 2017|pp=214–215}} The United States Food Administration became the [[American Relief Administration]] (ARA), and Hoover was charged with providing food to Central and Eastern Europe.{{sfn|Leuchtenburg 2009|pp=41–43, 57–58}} In addition to providing relief, the ARA rebuilt infrastructure in an effort to rejuvenate the economy of Europe.{{sfn|Whyte 2017|pp=215–217}} Throughout the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]], Hoover served as a close adviser to President Wilson, and he largely shared Wilson's goals of establishing the [[League of Nations]], settling borders on the basis of [[self-determination]], and refraining from inflicting a harsh punishment on the defeated Central Powers.{{sfn|Whyte 2017|pp=216–222}} The following year, the famed British economist [[John Maynard Keynes]] wrote in [[The Economic Consequences of the Peace]] that if Hoover's realism, "knowledge, magnanimity and disinterestedness" had found wider play in the councils of Paris, the world would have had "the Good Peace".{{sfn|Keynes|1919|p=247}} After U.S. government funding for the ARA expired in mid-1919, Hoover transformed the ARA into a private organization, raising millions of dollars from private donors.{{sfn|Leuchtenburg 2009|pp=41–43, 57–58}} He also established the European Children's Fund, which provided relief to fifteen million children across fourteen countries.{{sfn|Whyte 2017|p=224}}

Despite the opposition of Senator [[Henry Cabot Lodge]] and other Republicans, Hoover provided aid to the defeated German nation after the war, as well as relief to [[Russian famine of 1921–1922|famine]]-stricken [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]].{{sfn|Leuchtenburg 2009|pp=41–43, 57–58}} Hoover condemned the [[Bolsheviks]] but warned President Wilson against an [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|intervention]] in the [[Russian Civil War]], as he viewed the [[White movement|White Russian]] forces as little better than the Bolsheviks and feared the possibility of a protracted U.S. involvement.{{sfn|Leuchtenburg 2009|pp=43–45}} The [[Russian famine of 1921–22]] claimed six million people, but the intervention of the ARA likely saved millions of lives.<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.hoover.org/research/food-weapon| publisher = Hoover Institution | title = Hoover Digest | contribution = Food as a Weapon.}}</ref> When asked if he was not helping Bolshevism by providing relief, Hoover stated, "twenty million people are starving. Whatever their politics, they shall be fed!"{{sfn|Leuchtenburg 2009|pp=41–43, 57–58}} Reflecting the gratitude of many Europeans, in July 1922, Soviet author [[Maxim Gorky]] told Hoover that "your help will enter history as a unique, gigantic achievement, worthy of the greatest glory, which will long remain in the memory of millions of Russians whom you have saved from death".<ref>[http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2011/pr-famine-040411.html How the U.S. saved a starving Soviet Russia: PBS film highlights Stanford scholar's research on the 1921–23 famine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130064356/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2011/pr-famine-040411.html |date=January 30, 2012 }}". Stanford University. April 4, 2011</ref>

In 1919, Hoover established the [[Hoover Institution Library and Archive|Hoover War Collection]] at Stanford University. He donated all the files of the Commission for Relief in Belgium, the U.S. Food Administration, and the American Relief Administration, and pledged $50,000 as an endowment ({{Inflation|US|50000|1919|fmt=eq}}). Scholars were sent to Europe to collect pamphlets, society publications, government documents, newspapers, posters, proclamations, and other ephemeral materials related to the war and the revolutions that followed it. The collection was renamed the Hoover War Library in 1922 and is now known as the [[Hoover Institution Library and Archives]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hoover Institution Timeline |url=http://www.hoover.org/about/timeline |publisher=Hoover Institution |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> During the post-war period, Hoover also served as the president of the Federated American Engineering Societies.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7e4eBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA67|title=Republicans and Labor: 1919—1929|first=Robert H.|last=Zieger|date=January 13, 2015|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-8131-6499-1}}</ref><ref name=Himmelberg>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KqqgTB8Q_wC&pg=PA169|title=Antitrust and Regulation During World War I and the Republican Era, 1917-1932|first=Robert F.|last=Himmelberg|date=January 16, 1962|publisher=Taylor & Francis|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-8153-1406-6}}</ref>