Editing Hepburn romanization (section)

==== Variations ====
There are many variations on the Hepburn system for indicating long vowels with a macron. For example, {{nihongo2|東京}} ({{nihongo2|とうきょう}}) is properly romanized as ''Tōkyō'', but can also be written as:
* ''Tokyo'' – not indicated at all. Common for Japanese words that have been adopted into English, and the ''de facto'' convention for Hepburn used in signs and other English-language information around Japan.
* ''Tôkyô'' – indicated with [[circumflex accent]]s, as in the alternative [[Nihon-shiki romanization|Nihon-shiki]] and [[Kunrei-shiki romanization|Kunrei-shiki]] romanizations. They are often used when macrons are unavailable or difficult to input, due to their visual similarity.<ref name="tebiki">{{cite book|script-title=ja:ローマ字手引き|trans-title=RÔMAJI TEBIKI|author=Fujino Katsuji|year=1909|publisher=Rômaji-Hirome-kai|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:昭和29年内閣告示第1号 ローマ字のつづり方|trans-title=Japanese Cabinet Order No.1 in 1954 - How to write Romanization|date=December 9, 1954|url=http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19541209001/k19541209001.html|language=ja|publisher=[[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]]|author=Cabinet of Japan|author-link=Cabinet of Japan|access-date=May 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529171936/http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19541209001/k19541209001.html|archive-date=May 29, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''Tohkyoh'' – indicated with an ''h'' (only applies after ''o''). This is sometimes known as "passport Hepburn", as the Japanese Foreign Ministry has authorized (but not required) it in passports.<ref name="tokyo">{{cite web|url=http://www.seikatubunka.metro.tokyo.jp/hebon/ |title=PASSPORT_ヘボン式ローマ字綴方表 |trans-title=Table of Spelling in Hepburn Romanization |author=Bureau of Citizens and Culture Affairs of Tokyo |author-link=Tokyo Metropolitan Government |language=ja |access-date=December 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205110946/http://www.seikatubunka.metro.tokyo.jp/hebon/ |archive-date=December 5, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="cisco">{{cite web|url=http://www.sf.us.emb-japan.go.jp/pdf/a_hihebon_romaji.pdf|script-title=ja:ヘボン式ローマ字綴方表|trans-title=Table of Spelling in Hepburn Romanization|author=Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco|language=ja|access-date=December 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513035601/http://www.sf.us.emb-japan.go.jp/pdf/a_hihebon_romaji.pdf|archive-date=May 13, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="detroit">{{cite web|url=http://www.detroit.us.emb-japan.go.jp/pdf/jp/ryouji/EXAMPLE%20OF%20APPLICATION%20FORM%20FOR%20PASSPORT.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.detroit.us.emb-japan.go.jp/pdf/jp/ryouji/EXAMPLE%20OF%20APPLICATION%20FORM%20FOR%20PASSPORT.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Example of Application Form for Passport|author=Consulate-General of Japan in Detroit|language=ja|access-date=December 13, 2011}}</ref>
* ''Toukyou'' – written using [[kana]] spelling: ''ō'' as ''ou'' or ''oo'' (depending on the kana). This is also known as ''[[Wāpuro rōmaji|wāpuro]]'' style, as it reflects how text is entered into a Japanese word processor by using a keyboard with [[Latin script|Roman character]]s. ''Wāpuro'' more accurately represents the way that ''ō'' is written in kana by differentiating between {{nihongo2|おう}} (as in {{nihongo2|とうきょう}} ({{nihongo2|東京}}), ''Toukyou'' in ''wāpuro'') and {{nihongo2|おお}} (as in {{nihongo2|とおい}} ({{nihongo2|遠い}}), ''tooi'' in ''wāpuro''); however, it fails to differentiate between long vowels and vowels separated by a morpheme boundary.
*''Tookyoo'' – written by doubling the long vowels. Some dictionaries such as the ''Pocket Kenkyusha Japanese Dictionary''<ref name="pocket">{{cite book |author=Pocket Kenkyusha Japanese Dictionary |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0198607482/ref=sib_dp_pop_fc?ie=UTF8&p=S001#reader-link |title=Pocket Kenkyusha Japanese Dictionary (9780198607489): Shigeru Takebayashi, Kazuhiko Nagai: Books | date=March 9, 2007 |publisher=Amazon.com | isbn=978-0-19-860748-9 |access-date=June 29, 2012 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308022156/https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0198607482/ref=sib_dp_pop_fc?ie=UTF8&p=S001#reader-link |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''Basic English Writers' Japanese-English Wordbook'' follow this style, and it is also used in the [[JSL romanization|JSL]] form of romanization.