Editing Henan (section)

== Demographics ==

{{Historical populations
|title       = Historical population
|1912<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1912年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>  |28,518,000
|1928<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1928年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |30,566,000
|1936–37<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1936–37年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |34,290,000
|1947<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1947年全国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|archive-date=13 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> |29,654,000
|1954<ref name="census1954">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |archive-date=5 August 2009 }}</ref> |44,214,594
|1964<ref name="census1964">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |script-title=zh:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> |50,325,511
|1982<ref name="census1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |archive-date=10 May 2012 }}</ref> |74,422,739
|1990<ref name="census1990">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |archive-date=19 June 2012 }}</ref> |85,509,535
|2000<ref name="census2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |archive-date=29 August 2012 }}</ref> |91,236,854
|2010<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |archive-date=27 July 2013 }}</ref> |94,023,567
}}
With a population of approximately 93.6&nbsp;million, Henan is the third most populous Chinese province after Guangdong and Shandong. It is also the fifth most populous sub-national division in the world. If it were a country by itself, it would be the twelfth most populous in the world, just behind Mexico and ahead of the Philippines. However, the [[hukou system]] shows Henan as the most populous province in China with over 103&nbsp;million people, as it counts the migrant Henanese laborers as residents of Henan, instead of the province they currently reside in. On the other hand, Guangdong is shown as having only 81&nbsp;million people, though the actual population is 95&nbsp;million due to the influx of migrants from other provinces.

The population is highly homogeneous with 98.8% of the population being [[Han Chinese|Han]]. Small populations of [[Mongols]] and [[Manchus]] exists in scattered rural communities as well as major urban centers.
Along with [[Jiangxi]], Henan has one of the most unbalanced gender ratios in China. As a result of the Chinese government's [[one-child policy]] (many parents do not want the only child to be female and abort the fetus), the gender ratio was 118.46 males for 100 females in 2000. Subsequently, aborting fetuses due to their female sex was banned in Henan and heavy fines are issued for those who violate the law. In addition, daughter-only families receive an annual allowance from the government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200609/30/eng20060930_307662.html|title=China's most populous province legislates to curb gender imbalance|last=|access-date=23 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914152026/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200609/30/eng20060930_307662.html|archive-date=14 September 2011|url-status=live|work=[[People's Daily Online]]}}</ref> Despite these efforts the problem seems to have become far worse. Based on a 2009 British Medical Journal study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1–4 age group;<ref>{{cite journal|title=China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey|first1=Wei Xing|last1=Zhu|first2=Li|last2=Lu|first3=Therese|last3=Hesketh|date=9 April 2009|journal=BMJ|volume=338|pages=b1211|doi=10.1136/bmj.b1211|pmid=19359290|pmc=2667570}}</ref> this might be a strong exaggeration, as many families with more than one child do not register their daughters to the hukou in order to escape fines.

===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Henan (2012)<ref name="CFPS2012">China Family Panel Studies 2012: {{cite web |url=http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf |script-title=zh:当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS（2012）调查数据 |publisher=[[CASS]] |language=zh-cn |date=3 March 2014 |pages=13, 24 |access-date=7 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809051625/http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|label1 = Non religious and [[Chinese folk religion|traditional faiths]]
|value1 = 86.1
|color1 = Honeydew
|label2 = [[Buddhism in China|Buddhism]]
|value2 = 6.4
|color2 = Yellow
|label3 = [[Protestantism in China|Protestantism]]
|value3 = 5.6
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|label4 = [[Catholicism in China|Catholic]]
|value4 = 0.5
|color4 = DarkOrchid
|label5 = [[Islam in China|Islam]]
|value5 = 1.3
|color5 = Green
|label6 = Others
|value6 = 0.2
|color6 = GreenYellow
}}
According to a 2012 survey<ref name="CFPS2012"/> only around 13% of the population of Henan belongs to organised religions, the largest groups being [[Buddhism in China|Buddhists]] with 6.4%, followed by [[Protestantism in China|Protestants]] with 5.6%, [[Islam in China|Muslims]] with 1.3% and [[Catholicism in China|Catholics]] with 0.5%. Henan has some important centres of [[Chinese Buddhism]], the [[White Horse Temple]] and the famous [[Shaolin Monastery]].

Henan has also the largest [[Christianity in Henan|Christian population]] by numbers and percentage of any province of China,<ref name="CFPS2012"/> 6.1% of the province's population {{As of|2012|lc=y}}, corresponding to approximately 7&nbsp;million Christians. A 2009 survey reported the share of Christians to be 9.33%.<ref name="Wang2015">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 |date=25 September 2015 }}</ref>  In 2019, Communist officials demolished the [[True Jesus Church (Caidu)|True Jesus Church]] near Zhumadian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.christianpost.com/world/china-authorities-forcibly-demolish-illegal-church-elderly-congregants-injured.html |title=China: Authorities forcibly demolish 'illegal' church; elderly congregants injured |date=15 October 2019 |access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref>  In 2020, Communist officials demolished the [[Sunzhuang Church]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anugrah |date=2020-06-27 |title=China: 200 communist officials demolish church, beat Christians |url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/china-200-communist-officials-demolish-church-beat-christians.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The Christian Post |language=en-US}}</ref>

The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 86% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], [[Confucianism]], [[Taoism]] and [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]] (for example, a sect that is endogenous to Henan is the [[Tianxian miaodao]]). According to a 2007 survey, approximately 8% of the Henanese believe in and are involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|ancestor veneration]], the traditional Chinese religion of the lineages organised into [[lineage church]]es and [[ancestral shrine]]s.<ref name="Wang2015"/>
{{multiple image
|align        = center
|direction    = horizontal
|width        = 150

|image1    = 关林光照日月牌匾 行摄梓地.jpg
|caption1  = Detail with incense burner at the Guanlin, Temple Mausoleum of [[Guan Yu|Guandi]] in [[Luoyang]].

|image2    = Indian Temple in White Horse Temple.jpg
|caption2  = Indian style pavilion of the [[White Horse Temple]], the first Buddhist temple in China.

|image3    = City god temple in Anyang.JPG
|caption3  = Temple of the [[Chenghuangshen]] (City God) of [[Anyang]].

|image4    = Lszydfyj.png
|caption4  = The [[Spring Temple Buddha|Zhongyuan Buddha]] (Great Buddha of the Central Plains) of the Temple of the Spring in [[Lushan County, Henan|Lushan]] is currently the second [[List of tallest statues|tallest statue]] in the world.
}}
{{clear}}