Editing Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan (section)

====Failed rezoning attempts====
[[File:10th-ave.jpg|thumb|Looking south on Tenth Avenue from 59th Street]]

By the 1980s, the area south of 42nd Street was in decline. Both the state and the city hoped that the [[Jacob K. Javits Convention Center]] would renew the area.<ref name="olympic2012-won">{{cite web |url=http://wagner.nyu.edu/files/faculty/publications/Olympics_in_NYC_2012_REPORT_110711.pdf |title=How New York City Won the Olympics |publisher=[[New York University]] |work=Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service |date=November 2011 |access-date=September 11, 2015 |author=Mitchell L. Moss |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926234053/http://wagner.nyu.edu/files/faculty/publications/Olympics_in_NYC_2012_REPORT_110711.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Hotels, restaurants, apartment buildings, and television studios were proposed.<ref name="nyt19860406">Lyons, Richard. [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/06/realestate/glittering-javits-center-kindles-dreams-for-west-side.html "Glittering Javits Center Kindles Dreams For West Side."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801052908/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/06/realestate/glittering-javits-center-kindles-dreams-for-west-side.html |date=August 1, 2016 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. April 6, 1986. Section B, page 7, column 1.</ref> One proposal included apartments and hotels on a {{cvt|30|acre}} pier jutting out onto Hudson River, which included a [[marina]], [[ferry slip]], stores, restaurants, and a [[performing arts center]].<ref>Finder, Alan. [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/11/nyregion/developers-named-for-hudson-complex.html "Developers Named For Hudson Complex."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801052845/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/11/nyregion/developers-named-for-hudson-complex.html |date=August 1, 2016 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. February 11, 1987. Section B, page 1, column 2.</ref> At Ninth Avenue and 33rd Street, a 32-story office tower would be built.<ref>Scardino, Albert. [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/22/nyregion/project-would-extend-office-towers-to-ninth-avenue.html "Project Would Extend Office Towers To Ninth Avenue."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801053125/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/22/nyregion/project-would-extend-office-towers-to-ninth-avenue.html |date=August 1, 2016 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. April 22, 1987. Section B, page 1, column 2.</ref> Hotels, apartment buildings, and a [[Madison Square Garden]] would be built over the tracks west of [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Pennsylvania Station]].<ref>Gottlieb, Martin. [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/26/nyregion/new-sports-arena-planned-for-site-west-of-10th-ave.html "New Sports Arena Planned For Site West Of 10th Ave."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801053302/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/26/nyregion/new-sports-arena-planned-for-site-west-of-10th-ave.html |date=August 1, 2016 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. April 26, 1986. Section 1, page 1, column 1.</ref><ref>Scardino, Albert. [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/06/nyregion/12-block-office-entertainment-center-planned-on-west-side.html "12-Block Office-Entertainment Center Planned On West Side."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801052835/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/06/nyregion/12-block-office-entertainment-center-planned-on-west-side.html |date=August 1, 2016 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. April 6, 1987. Section B, page 1, column 2.</ref> North of the Javits Center, a "Television City" would be developed by [[Larry Silverstein]] in conjunction with [[NBC]].<ref name=nyt19860406/>

One impediment to development was the lack of mass transit in the area, which is far from Penn Station, and none of the proposals for a link to Penn Station was pursued successfully, for example, the ill-fated West Side Transitway.<ref>Gregory P. Benz, et al., [http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr221/221-018.pdf "West Side Manhattan Transitway Study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022108/http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr221/221-018.pdf |date=November 7, 2017 }}," Transportation Research Board, Special Report No. 221, May 8–11, 1988.</ref> No changes to the zoning policy happened until 1990, when the city rezoned a small segment of 11th Avenue near the Javits Center.<ref>Oser, Alan. [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/04/realestate/perspectives-the-west-30-s-land-uses-near-the-convention-center.html "Perspectives: The West 30's; Land Uses Near the Convention Center."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107120226/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/04/realestate/perspectives-the-west-30-s-land-uses-near-the-convention-center.html |date=November 7, 2017 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. February 4, 1990. Section 10, page 9, column 2.</ref><ref>Buder, Leonard. [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/24/nyregion/area-near-javits-center-is-rezoned.html "Area Near Javits Center Is Rezoned."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107120605/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/24/nyregion/area-near-javits-center-is-rezoned.html |date=November 7, 2017 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. February 24, 1990. Section 1, page 29, column 2.</ref> In 1993, part of 9th Avenue between 35th and 41st Streets was also rezoned.<ref>Howe, Marvine. [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/24/nyregion/neighborhood-report-midtown-after-30-years-it-s-ciao-giordano.html "Neighborhood Report: Midtown; After 30 Years It's Ciao, Giordano."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801053236/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/24/nyregion/neighborhood-report-midtown-after-30-years-it-s-ciao-giordano.html |date=August 1, 2016 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. October 24, 1993. Section 13, page 6, column 1.</ref><ref>Lambert, Bruce. [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/10/nyregion/neighborhood-report-clinton-on-ninth-ave-a-new-call-for-help.html "Neighborhood Report: Clinton; On Ninth Ave., A New Call For Help..."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801052858/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/10/nyregion/neighborhood-report-clinton-on-ninth-ave-a-new-call-for-help.html |date=August 1, 2016 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. July 10, 1994. Section 13, page 6, column 4.</ref> However, neither of these rezonings was particularly significant, as most of the area was still zoned as a manufacturing district with low-rise apartment buildings.<ref>Lyons, Richard. [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/02/realestate/postings-for-pioneers-housing-near-javits-center.html "Postings: For Pioneers?; Housing Near Javits Center."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107120751/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/02/realestate/postings-for-pioneers-housing-near-javits-center.html |date=November 7, 2017 }} ''The New York Times''. New York. July 2, 1989. Section 10, page 1, column 4.</ref>

By the early 1990s, there was [[Early 1990s recession in the United States|a recession]], which scuttled plans for rezoning and severely reduced the amount of development in the area.<ref>Rozhon, Tracie. [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/09/realestate/80-s-giant-dreams-facing-90-s-economic-realities.html "80's Giant Dreams Facing 90's Economic Realities."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801053247/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/09/realestate/80-s-giant-dreams-facing-90-s-economic-realities.html |date=August 1, 2016 }} ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 9, 1996. Section 9, page 1, column 4.</ref> After the recession was over, developers invested in areas like [[Times Square]], eastern Hell's Kitchen, and [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]], but mostly skipped the Far West Side.<ref>[[David W. Dunlap|Dunlap, David]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/24/realestate/the-taming-of-the-wild-west.html "The Taming Of the 'Wild West'."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801053210/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/24/realestate/the-taming-of-the-wild-west.html |date=August 1, 2016 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 24, 1997. Accessed December 1, 2016.</ref>