Editing Heavy metal music (section)

===Physical gestures===
[[File:Metsatöll at Tuska 2006.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=Image shows a band onstage with fans visible in the front of the picture. Some fans are raising their fists and others are raising their hands with the index finger and pinky extended.| Fans raise their fists and make the [[Sign of the horns|"devil horns"]] gesture at a [[Metsatöll]] concert]]
When performing live, many metal musicians – as well as the audience for whom they're playing – engage in [[headbanging]], which involves rhythmically beating time with the head, often emphasized by long hair. The [[corna|''il cornuto'']], or "devil horns", hand gesture was popularized by vocalist [[Ronnie James Dio]] during his time with the bands Black Sabbath and [[Dio (band)|Dio]].<ref name=MH/> Although [[Gene Simmons]] of [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] claims to have been the first to make the gesture on the 1977 ''[[Love Gun]]'' album cover, there is speculation as to who started the phenomenon.<ref>Appleford, Steve. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040912024146/http://www.mk-magazine.com/news/archives/000929.php "Odyssey of the Devil Horns"]}}. ''MK Magazine'', 9 September 2004. Retrieved on 31 March 2007</ref>

Attendees of metal concerts do not dance in the usual sense. It has been argued that this is due to the music's largely male audience and "extreme heterosexualist ideology". Two primary body movements used are headbanging and an arm thrust that is both a sign of appreciation and a rhythmic gesture.<ref>Weinstein, p. 130</ref> The performance of [[air guitar]] is popular among metal fans both at concerts and listening to records at home.<ref>Weinstein, p. 95</ref> According to [[Deena Weinstein]], thrash metal concerts have two elements that are not part of the other metal genres: [[moshing]] and [[stage diving]], which "were imported from the [[punk subculture|punk/hardcore subculture]]".<ref name="Weinstein 2009 228–229">{{cite book |last=Weinstein |first=Deena |date=2009 |title=Heavy Metal:The Music and its Culture |publisher=Da Capo Press|pages=228–229 }}</ref> Weinstein states that moshing participants bump and jostle each other as they move in a circle in an area called the "pit" near the stage. Stage divers climb onto the stage with the band and then jump "back into the audience".<ref name="Weinstein 2009 228–229"/>