Editing Hardcore punk (section)

==History==
===Late 1970s and early 1980s===
====United States====
=====Los Angeles=====
{{Quote box
| quote = Hardcore punk drew a line in the sand between older and [[avant-garde rock]] fans and a new bunch of kids who were coming up. On one side there were those who considered the music (and its fans) loud, ugly and incoherent: to the folks on the other side, hardcore was the only music that mattered. A rare generational divide in rock music had arisen. And that's when exciting things happen.
| source = Music journalist [[Michael Azerrad]] in the book ''[[Our Band Could Be Your Life]]'' (2001)<ref>Azerrad, Michael. ''Our Band Could Be Your Life''. 2001. Little Brown Books. pp. 14.</ref>
| align = left
| width = 23%
}}
[[Michael Azerrad]] states that "[by] 1979 the original punk scene [in Southern California] had almost completely died out" and was replaced by punk music boiled down to its essence, but with faster tempos, which became known as "hardcore".<ref>{{cite book |last=Azerrad |first=Michael |date=2001 |title=Our Band Could Be Your Life |publisher=Bay Back Books|pages=13–14 |isbn=9780316787536}}</ref> Steven Blush states that the first hardcore record to come out of the West Coast was ''[[Out of Vogue]]'' by the Santa Ana band [[Middle Class (band)|Middle Class]].<ref>Steven Blush. ''American Hardcore: A Tribal Tradition''. Feral House, 2001. p. 19</ref> The band pioneered a shouted, fast version of punk rock which would shape the hardcore sound that would soon emerge. In terms of impact upon the hardcore scene, Black Flag has been deemed the most influential group. Azerrad calls Black Flag the "godfathers" of hardcore punk and states that even "...more than the flagship band of American hardcore", they were "...required listening for anyone who was interested in underground music."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book |last=Azerrad |first=Michael |title=Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991 |publisher=Underground Music |isbn=0-316-78753-1|date=July 2, 2002 }}</ref> Blush states that Black Flag were to hardcore what the [[Sex Pistols]] and [[Ramones]] were to punk.<ref>Steven Blush. ''American Hardcore: A Tribal Tradition''. Feral House, 2001. p. 56</ref> Formed in [[Hermosa Beach, California|Hermosa Beach]], California by [[guitarist]] and primary songwriter [[Greg Ginn]], they played their first show in December 1977. Originally called Panic, they changed their name to Black Flag in 1978.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Grad |first=David |title=Fade to Black |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |date=July 1997}}</ref>

By 1979, Black Flag were joined by another [[South Bay (Los Angeles County)|South Bay]] hardcore band, the [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]], with whom they shared a practice space until both bands were evicted, as well as the [[Circle Jerks]] (which featured Black Flag's original singer, [[Keith Morris]]).<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 61</ref> From [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], two other bands playing hardcore punk, [[Fear (band)|Fear]] and the [[Germs (band)|Germs]], were featured with Black Flag and the Circle Jerks in [[Penelope Spheeris]]' 1981 documentary ''[[The Decline of Western Civilization]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/the-decline-of-western-civilization-punk-documentary-review-germs-x-black-flag/|title = The Decline of Western Civilization Captured the Chaos of L.A.'s Early Punk Scene|website = [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|date = July 29, 2020}}</ref> By the time the film was released, other hardcore bands from [[Los Angeles County]] were also making a name for themselves including [[Bad Religion]], [[Descendents]], [[Red Kross]], [[Rhino 39]], [[Suicidal Tendencies]], [[Wasted Youth (American band)|Wasted Youth]], [[Youth Brigade (band)|Youth Brigade]], and [[Youth Gone Mad]].<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 82-91, 108-</ref> Neighboring [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] had [[the Adolescents]], [[Agent Orange (band)|Agent Orange]], [[China White (band)|China White]], [[Social Distortion]], [[Shattered Faith]], [[T.S.O.L.]], and [[Uniform Choice]], while north of Los Angeles, around [[Oxnard, California|Oxnard]], California, a hardcore scene known as "nardcore" developed with bands like [[Agression (band)|Agression]], [[Ill Repute]], [[Dr. Know (band)|Dr. Know]], and [[Rich Kids on LSD]].<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 95-107</ref>[[File:Mike Watt 2013.jpg|225px|thumb|right|Mike Watt, formerly the bassist for the [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]] in a 2013 show]]

Whilst popular traditional punk bands such as [[the Clash]], Ramones, and Sex Pistols were signed to major record labels, the hardcore punk bands were generally not. Black Flag, however, was briefly signed to [[MCA Records|MCA]] subsidiary Unicorn Records but were dropped because an executive considered their music to be "anti-parent".<ref>{{cite web |title=Black Flag |work=Sounds magazine |url=http://www.micksinclair.com/sounds/bf.html |access-date=May 27, 2006}}</ref> Instead of trying to be courted by the major labels, hardcore bands started their own [[independent record label]]s and distributed their records themselves. Ginn started [[SST Records]], which released Black Flag's debut EP ''[[Nervous Breakdown (EP)|Nervous Breakdown]]'' in 1979. SST went on to release a number of albums by other hardcore artists, and was described by Azerrad as "easily the most influential and popular underground indie of the Eighties."<ref name="ReferenceA"/> SST was followed by a number of other successful artist-run labels—including [[BYO Records]] (started by Shawn and Mark Stern of Youth Brigade),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punknews.org/article/38406/interviews-shawn-stern-byo-records-youth-brigade|title=Interviews: Shawn Stern (BYO Records, Youth Brigade)|website=Punknews.org|date=May 25, 2010 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> [[Epitaph Records]] (started by [[Brett Gurewitz]] of Bad Religion),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1292-epitaphs-brett-gurewitz-on-buildingand-shiftinga-punk-empire/|title=Epitaph's Brett Gurewitz On Building—and Shifting—a Punk Empire|first=Eric|last=Ducker|website=Pitchfork.com|date=September 15, 2016|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> [[New Alliance Records]] (started by the Minutemen's [[D. Boon]] and [[Mike Watt]]),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6K6l38haOK4C&q=new+alliance+d+boon&pg=PT54|title=Husker Du: The Story of the Noise-Pop Pioneers Who Launched Modern Rock|first=Andrew|last=Earles|date=November 15, 2010|publisher=Voyageur Press|isbn=9781616739799|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref> as well as fan-run labels like [[Frontier Records]] and [[Slash Records]].

Bands also funded and organized their own tours. Black Flag's tours in 1980 and 1981 brought them in contact with developing hardcore scenes in many parts of North America, and blazed trails that were followed by other touring bands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punknews.org/bands/blackflag|title=Black Flag|last=Punknews.org|website=Punknews.org|date=July 26, 2006 |access-date=January 18, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222223049/https://www.punknews.org/bands/blackflag|archive-date=December 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica|9105869|Black Flag}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090526210253/http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/black_flag/bio.jhtml |archive-date=May 26, 2009 |publisher=[[VH1]] |url=http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/black_flag/bio.jhtml |title=Black Flag}}</ref> Concerts in the early Los Angeles hardcore scene increasingly became sites of violent battles between police and concertgoers. Another source of violence in L.A. was tension created by what one writer calls the invasion of "antagonistic suburban [[poseur]]s" into hardcore venues.<ref>"Fantagraphics Books – Los Bros. Hernandez". Fantagraphics.com. Retrieved February 7, 2012.</ref> Violence at hardcore concerts was portrayed in episodes of the popular television shows ''[[CHiPs]]'' and ''[[Quincy, M.E.]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXyFAwAAQBAJ&q=chips+quincy+hardcore+violence&pg=PT1713|title=The Music Sound|first=Nicolae|last=Sfetcu|date=May 7, 2014|publisher=Nicolae Sfetcu|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref>

In the pre-Internet era, fanzines, commonly called [[zines]], enabled hardcore scene members to learn about bands, clubs, and record labels. Zines typically included reviews of shows and records, interviews with bands, letters, ads for records and labels, and were DIY products, "proudly amateur, usually handmade. A zine called ''We Got Power'' described the Los Angeles scene from 1981 to 1984, and it included show reviews and band interviews with groups including D.O.A., the Misfits, Black Flag, Suicidal Tendencies and the Circle Jerks.<ref name="avclub.com">{{cite web |last=Heller |first=Jason |url=https://www.avclub.com/article/with-zines-the-90s-punk-scene-had-a-living-history-104206 |title=With zines, the '90s punk scene had a living history · Fear Of A Punk Decade · The A.V. Club |publisher=Avclub.com |date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823033946/http://www.avclub.com/article/with-zines-the-90s-punk-scene-had-a-living-history-104206 |archive-date=August 23, 2014 }}</ref>

=====San Francisco=====
[[File:Jello-Biafra.jpg|155px|thumb|right|[[Jello Biafra]] performing with the [[Dead Kennedys]] ]]
Shortly after Black Flag debuted in Los Angeles, [[Dead Kennedys]] were formed in San Francisco. While the band's early releases were played in a style closer to traditional punk rock, ''[[In God We Trust, Inc.]]'' (1981) marked a shift into hardcore. Similar to Black Flag and Youth Brigade, Dead Kennedys released their albums on their own label, which in DK's case was [[Alternative Tentacles]]. The scene was helped in particular by the San Francisco club [[Mabuhay Gardens]], whose promoter, [[Dirk Dirksen]], became known as "The Pope of Punk".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/dirk-dirksen-pope-of-punk-amused-insulted-2466523.php | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | title=KEN GARCIA – S.F. Punk – Those Were The Days / Mabuhay Gardens featured likes of Switchblades, Devo | first=Joel | last=Selvin | date=November 22, 2006 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010023320/http://articles.sfgate.com/2006-11-22/bay-area/17321473_1_dirk-dirksen-mabuhay-gardens-dead-kennedys | archive-date=October 10, 2012 }}</ref> Another important local institution was [[Tim Yohannan]]'s [[Maximumrocknroll]], which started as a radio show in 1977, but branched out into a [[punk zine|fanzine]] in 1982.<ref>Saincome, Matt. "Maximum Rock N' Roll Presents: A Day of Punk and Hardcore Gigs Worldwide." [[SF Weekly]], May 15, 2015, {{cite web| url = https://www.sfweekly.com/music/maximum-rock-n-roll-presents-a-day-of-punk-and-hardcore-gigs-worldwide/.| title = Maximum Rock N' Roll Presents: A Day of Punk and Hardcore Gigs Worldwide – SF Weekly| work = SF Weekly| date = May 15, 2015}}</ref>

While not as large as the scene in Los Angeles, the hardcore scene of the early 1980s included a number of noteworthy bands originating from the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], including [[Bl'ast]], [[Crucifix (band)|Crucifix]], [[the Faction]], [[Fang (band)|Fang]], [[Flipper (band)|Flipper]], and [[Whipping Boy (American band)|Whipping Boy]].<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 122-131
</ref> Additionally, during this time, seminal [[Texas]]-based bands [[Dirty Rotten Imbeciles]], [[the Dicks]], [[MDC (band)|MDC]], [[Rhythm Pigs]], and [[Verbal Abuse]] all relocated to San Francisco.<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 126
</ref> Further out of the Bay Area, [[Sacramento]]'s [[Tales of Terror (band)|Tales of Terror]] were cited by many, including [[Mark Arm]], as a key inspiration for the [[grunge]] movement.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.midtownmonthly.net/music/tales-of-terror/ | title = Tales of Terror: Bad Dream or Acid Trip? | access-date = April 27, 2012 | last = Gustafson | first = Guphy | date = January 1, 2010 | work = Midtown Monthly | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110814081006/http://www.midtownmonthly.net/music/tales-of-terror/ | archive-date = August 14, 2011 }}</ref>

=====Washington, D.C.=====
{{Main|Washington, D.C. hardcore}}

The first hardcore punk band to form on the East Coast of the United States was Washington, D.C.'s [[Bad Brains]]. Initially formed in 1977 as a jazz fusion ensemble called Mind Power, and consisting of all [[African-American]] members, their early foray into hardcore featured some of the fastest tempos in [[rock music]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://homepages.nyu.edu/~cch223/usa/badbrains_main.html |work=homepages.nyu.edu |publisher=[[New York University]] |title=Bad Brains |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101152139/http://homepages.nyu.edu/~cch223/usa/badbrains_main.html |archive-date=January 1, 2009 |access-date=April 16, 2008 }}</ref> The band released its debut single, "[[Pay to Cum]]", in 1980, and were influential in establishing the D.C. hardcore scene. Hardcore historian Steven Blush calls the single the first East Coast hardcore record.<ref>Steven Blush. ''American Hardcore: A Tribal Tradition''. Feral House, 2001. p.&nbsp;19</ref>

[[Ian MacKaye]] and [[Jeff Nelson (musician)|Jeff Nelson]], influenced by [[Bad Brains]], formed the band [[Teen Idles]] in 1979. The group broke up in 1980, and MacKaye and Nelson went on to form [[Minor Threat]], a band which, apart from [[Bad Brains]], has arguably had the biggest influence on the hardcore punk genre, and whose contributions to the music, ethics, aesthetic, and ethos are still widely acknowledged by hardcore bands of the 2020s.<ref>{{cite web| author = John Robb | website =  Louder Than War | url = http://louderthanwar.com/are-minor-threat-one-of-the-most-influential-band-for-the-last-thirty-years/.| title = Are Minor Threat one of the most influential bands of the last thirty years?| date = July 13, 2011}}</ref> The band used faster rhythms and more aggressive, less melodic riffs than was common at the time. Minor Threat popularized the [[straight edge]] movement with its song "[[Straight Edge (song)|Straight Edge]]", which spoke out against alcohol, drugs and promiscuity.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cogan|first=Brian|title=The Encyclopedia of Punk|year=2008|publisher=Sterling|isbn=978-1-4027-5960-4|location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|title=Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991|url=https://archive.org/details/ourbandcouldbeyo00mich|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|isbn=0-316-78753-1|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/ourbandcouldbeyo00mich/page/121 121]}}</ref> MacKaye and Nelson ran their own record label, [[Dischord Records]], which released records by D.C. hardcore bands, including [[The Faith (American band)|the Faith]], [[Iron Cross (American band)|Iron Cross]], [[Scream (band)|Scream]], [[State of Alert]], [[Government Issue]], [[Void (band)|Void]], and D.C.'s [[Youth Brigade (Washington, D.C. band)|Youth Brigade]]. The ''[[Flex Your Head]]'' compilation was a seminal document of the early 1980s D.C. hardcore scene. The record label was run out of the Dischord House, a Washington, D.C., [[punk house]]. [[Henry Rollins]], who would come to prominence as the lead singer of the California-based Black Flag, as well as his own later [[Rollins Band]], grew up in Washington, D.C., singing for the State of Alert, and was influenced by the music of Bad Brains and the bands of his childhood friend Ian MacKaye.<ref>Azerrad, Michael. ''[[Our Band Could Be Your Life|Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991]]''. Little Brown and Company, 2001. {{ISBN|0-316-78753-1}}.</ref>

The tradition of holding all-ages shows at small DIY spaces, has roots in the early Washington, D.C., straight edge movement. It emerged from the idea that people of all ages should have access to music, regardless of if they're old enough to drink alcohol.<ref>Bray, R., &amp; Comaratta, L. (May 19, 2014). All access: An oral history of DC's 9:30 Club. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from {{cite web| url = https://consequence.net/2014/05/all-access-an-oral-history-of-dcs-930-club/2/| title = All Access: An Oral History of DC's 9:30 Club – Consequence| date = May 19, 2014}}</ref>

=====Boston=====
{{main article|Boston hardcore}}
Seminal Boston-area hardcore bands included [[the F.U.'s]], [[the Freeze]], [[Gang Green]], [[Jerry's Kids (band)|Jerry's Kids]], [[Siege (band)|Siege]], [[DYS (band)|DYS]], [[Negative FX]], and [[SS Decontrol]]. Members of the latter three bands were influenced by D.C.'s [[straight edge]] scene, and were part of "the Boston Crew", a mostly straight edge group of friends known to physically fight people who used alcohol or drugs.<ref name="daily.redbullmusicacademy.com">{{Cite web|url=https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/11/straight-edge-hardcore-punk-history-excerpt|title=Straight Edge: A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History|website=Daily.redbullmusicacademy.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> Members of the Boston Crew would later go on to form the band [[Slapshot (band)|Slapshot]],<ref name= "daily.redbullmusicacademy.com"/> and also included future [[Mighty Mighty Bosstones]] singer [[Dicky Barrett]], who was then a member of the band Impact Unit,<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.verbicidemagazine.com/2010/09/30/show-review-gallery-east-reunion-show-with-dys-jerrys-kids-the-fus-antidote-gang-green-and-slapshot-at-club-lido-boston-8292010/|title = Show Review: Gallery East Reunion Show at Club Lido, Boston 8/29/10|first = Paul J.|last = Comeau|date = September 30, 2010|access-date = June 24, 2020|archive-date = June 27, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200627175238/https://www.verbicidemagazine.com/2010/09/30/show-review-gallery-east-reunion-show-with-dys-jerrys-kids-the-fus-antidote-gang-green-and-slapshot-at-club-lido-boston-8292010/|url-status = dead}}</ref> and drew the artwork for the DYS album ''Brotherhood''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/08/17/the-mighty-mighty-bosstones-complete-an-album-trilogy-they-started-nearly-10-years-ago|title=The Mighty Mighty Bosstones Complete a Trilogy They Started Nearly 10 Years Ago|first=Jeff|last=Niesel|website=Clevescene.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

In 1982, [[Modern Method Records]] released ''[[This Is Boston, Not L.A.]]'', a compilation album of the Boston hardcore scene. In addition to Modern Method was [[Taang! Records]], who released material by a number of the aforementioned Boston hardcore bands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/how-boston-hardcore-changed-rock-music|title=How Boston hardcore changed rock music|first=Stephen Hill01|last=March 2020|website=Loudersound.com|date=March 2020|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

Further outside of Boston were [[Western Massachusetts]] bands [[Deep Wound]] (which featured future [[Dinosaur Jr.]] members [[J Mascis]] and [[Lou Barlow]]) and the [[Outpatients (band)|Outpatients]], both of whom would come to Boston to play shows.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFJjCwAAQBAJ&q=%22deep+wound%22+%22outpatients%22+%22western+mass%22+hardcore&pg=PA278|title=American Hardcore (Second Edition): A Tribal History|first1=Steven|last1=Blush|first2=George|last2=Petros|page=278|date=October 19, 2010|publisher=Feral House|isbn=9781932595987|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref> From nearby [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]], New Hampshire, was [[G.G. Allin]], a solo singer who, contrary to straight edge, used large amounts of drugs and alcohol, eventually dying of a heroin overdose.<ref>Prato, Greg. "GG Allin: the Gruesome Life and Tragic Death of the Most Shocking Man in Music." [[Loudersound]], Louder, October 8, 2018, www.loudersound.com/features/gg-allin-the-gruesome-life-and-tragic-death-of-the-most-shocking-man-in-music.</ref> Allin's stage show included defecating on stage and then throwing his feces at the audience.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-ballad-of-a-bloody-poop-throwing-punk-rock-terrorist|title=The Ballad of a Bloody, Poop-Throwing Punk-Rock 'Terrorist'|first=Nick|last=Schager|date=December 13, 2018|access-date=September 5, 2020|newspaper=The Daily Beast}}</ref>

=====New York=====
{{Main|New York hardcore}}
[[File:CBGB club facade.jpg|225px|thumb|left|Facade of the music club [[CBGB]] in New York City]]The [[New York City]] hardcore scene emerged in 1981 when [[Bad Brains]] moved to the city from [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Andersen, Mark |author2=Mark Jenkins |title=Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Soft Skull Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=1-887128-49-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Blush |first=Steven |title=American Hardcore: A Tribal History |location=[[Los Angeles]] |publisher=[[Feral House]] |year=2001 |isbn=0-922915-71-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanhardcore00stev }}</ref> Starting in 1981, there was an influx of new hardcore bands in the city including [[Agnostic Front]], [[Beastie Boys]], [[Cro-Mags]], Cause for Alarm, [[The Mob (American hardcore band)|the Mob]], [[Murphy's Law (band)|Murphy's Law]], [[Reagan Youth]], and [[Warzone (band)|Warzone]]. A number of other bands associated with New York hardcore scene came from [[New Jersey]], including the [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]], [[Adrenalin OD]] and [[Hogan's Heroes (band)|Hogan's Heroes]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bello, John |location=[[New York City]] |journal=Maximum RockNRoll|title=New York hardcore bands |date=October 1988 |page=82}}</ref><ref>1948–1999 Muze, Inc. Hogan's Heroes {{cite journal |title=POP Artists beginning with 'HOD' |journal=Phonolog |year=1999 |page=1 |issue=7–278B}} Section 207.</ref> Steven Blush calls the Misfits "crucial to the rise of hardcore."<ref>Steven Blush. ''American Hardcore: A Tribal Tradition''. Feral House, 2001. p. 195</ref> New York hardcore had more emphasis on rhythm, in part due to the use of [[palm-muting|palm-muted]] guitar chords, an approach called the NY hardcore "chug".<ref name="auto2"/> The New York scene was known for its tough ethos, its "thuggery", and club shows that were a chaotic "proving ground" or even a "battleground".<ref name="auto2"/>

In the early 1980s, the New York hardcore scene centered around squats and clubhouses.<ref name="auto2"/> After these were closed down, the scene was emanating in a small after-hours bar, [[A7 (bar)|A7]], on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, and later around the famous bar [[CBGB]]. For several years, CBGB held weekly hardcore matinées on Sundays, but they stopped in 1990 when violence led Kristal to ban hardcore shows at the club.<ref>Jeffrey Wengrofsky, "Punk Rock Fight Club" Trebuchet Magazine, {{cite web| url = https://www.trebuchet-magazine.com/punk-rock-fight-club/| title = Punk Rock Fight Club: The Beat Down at CBGB – Trebuchet| date = April 29, 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Agnostic Front live in Rome.jpg|thumb|right|225px|[[Agnostic Front]] performing]]
Early radio support in New York's surrounding [[Tri-State area (New York-New Jersey-Connecticut)|Tri-State area]] came from Pat Duncan, who had hosted live punk and hardcore bands weekly on [[WFMU]] since 1979.<ref>{{cite web | title=Playlists and Archives for Pat Duncan | work=WFMU | url=http://www.wfmu.org/playlists/PD | access-date=December 22, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202175300/http://www.wfmu.org/playlists/PD | archive-date=February 2, 2007 }}</ref> [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]], Connecticut's [[WPKN]] had a radio show featuring hardcore called Capital Radio, hosted by Brad Morrison, beginning in February 1979 and continuing weekly until late 1983. In [[New York City]], Tim Sommer hosted ''Noise The Show'' on [[WNYU]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Tim Sommer | work=Beastiemania.com | url=http://www.beastiemania.com/whois/sommer_tim/ | access-date=December 22, 2006 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029104725/http://www.beastiemania.com/whois/sommer_tim/ | archive-date=October 29, 2006 }}</ref>

By 1984, the [[Ramones]], one of the original New York punk bands, were experimenting with hardcore, with two songs, "Wart Hog" and "Endless Vacation" on their album ''[[Too Tough To Die]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/music/2002-09-06/101761/|title=Too Tough To Die|website=Austinchronicle.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

=====Other American regions=====
[[Minneapolis hardcore]] consisted of bands such as [[Hüsker Dü]] and [[The Replacements (band)|the Replacements]], while [[Chicago]] had [[Articles of Faith (band)|Articles of Faith]], [[Big Black]] and [[Naked Raygun]]. The [[Detroit]] area was home to [[Crucifucks]], [[Degenerates]], [[the Meatmen]], [[Negative Approach]], [[Spite (punk band)|Spite]] and [[Violent Apathy]]. From [[Ohio]] was [[Maumee, Ohio|Maumee]]'s [[Necros (band)|Necros]] and [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]]'s [[Toxic Reasons]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.toledoblade.com/a-e/music-theater-dance/2010/08/05/Reunion-offers-Necros-fans-travel-back-to-the-80-s/stories/201008050070|title=Reunion offers Necros fans travel back to the 80's|website=Toldeoblade.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punknews.org/review/13944/toxic-reasons-essential-independence|title=Toxic Reasons – Essential Independence|website=Punknews.org|date=October 6, 2015 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> The zine ''[[Touch and Go (book)|Touch and Go]]'' covered this [[American Midwest|Midwest]] hardcore scene from 1979 to 1983.<ref name="avclub.com"/>

[[JFA (band)|JFA]] and [[Meat Puppets]] were both from [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], Arizona; [[7 Seconds (band)|7 Seconds]] were from [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]], Nevada; and [[Butthole Surfers]], [[Big Boys (band)|Big Boys]], [[the Dicks]], [[Dirty Rotten Imbeciles]] (D.R.I.), [[Really Red]], [[Verbal Abuse (band)|Verbal Abuse]] and [[MDC (band)|MDC]] were from [[Texas]]. [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], Oregon, hardcore punk bands included [[Poison Idea]] and [[Final Warning]], while north of there, [[Washington (state)|Washington state]] included [[the Accüsed]], [[Melvins]], [[the Fartz]], and [[10 Minute Warning]] (the latter two included future [[Guns N' Roses]] member [[Duff McKagan]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://loudwire.com/duff-mckagan-rallying-cry-save-historic-rock-venue/|title=Duff McKagan Joins Rallying Cry to Save Historic Rock Venue|website=Loudwire.com|date=August 9, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> Other prominent hardcore bands from this time that came from areas without large scenes include [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], North Carolina's [[Corrosion of Conformity]].

====Canada====
{{Main|Canadian hardcore punk}}
[[D.O.A. (band)|D.O.A.]] formed in [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]], British Columbia in 1978 and were one of the first bands to refer to its style as "hardcore", with the release of their album ''[[Hardcore '81]]''. Other early hardcore bands from British Columbia included [[Dayglo Abortions]] who formed in 1979, the [[Subhumans (Canadian band)|Subhumans]] and [[The Skulls (Canadian band)|the Skulls]].

[[Nomeansno]] is a hardcore band originally from [[Victoria, British Columbia]], and now located in [[Vancouver]]. [[SNFU]] formed in [[Edmonton]] in 1981 and also later relocated to [[Vancouver]]. [[Bunchofuckingoofs]], from the [[Kensington Market]] neighbourhood of [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], formed in November 1983 as a response to "a local war with [[inhalant|glue huffing]] Nazi skinheads".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/2000/070600/cover.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021123050410/http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/2000/070600/cover.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 23, 2002 |publisher=Montreal Mirror |title=Goof for life: Garbage day with Crazy Steve of T.O. punk legends Bunchofuckingoofs }}</ref> In [[Montreal]], [[Asexuals (band)|The Asexuals]] helped fertilize a scene that became a necessary tour stop for punk and hardcore bands headed to the Northeast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/asexuals|title=Asexuals|website=Exclaim.ca|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

====United Kingdom====
{{Main|Hardcore punk in the United Kingdom}}
[[File:Antisect Brighton 1985.jpg|thumb|left|210px|The UK anarcho-punk and [[D-beat]] band [[Antisect]] playing in Brighton in 1985]]
In the [[United Kingdom]], a fertile hardcore scene took root early on. Referred to under a number of names including "U.K. Hardcore", "[[UK 82]]", "second wave punk",<ref>Glasper 2004, p. 8-9</ref> "real punk",<ref>Liner notes, [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]], ''[[Hear Nothing See Nothing Say Nothing]]'', Castle, 2003</ref> and "No Future punk",<ref>Glasper 2004, p. 384.</ref> it took the previous punk sound and added the incessant, heavy drumbeats and heavily distorted guitar sound of [[new wave of British heavy metal]] bands, especially [[Motörhead]].<ref name="Glasper 2004, p. 47">Glasper 2004, p. 47</ref> Formed in 1977 in [[Stoke-on-Trent]], [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]] played a large role in influencing other European hardcore bands. AllMusic calls the band's sound a "high-speed noise overload" characterized by "ferocious noise blasts."<ref>{{cite web |author=Dean McFarlane |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/discharge-mw0000221091 |title=Discharge – Discharge  |website=AllMusic |date=July 9, 2002 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726035856/http://www.allmusic.com/album/discharge-mw0000221091 |archive-date=July 26, 2015 }}</ref> Their style of hardcore punk was coined as [[D-beat]], a term referring to a distinctive drum beat that a number of 1980s imitators of Discharge are associated with.<ref name=tez>"I just wanna be remembered for coming up with that f-ckin' D-beat in the first place! And inspiring all those f-ckin' great Discore bands around the world!" – Terry "Tez" Roberts, Glasper 2004, p. 175.</ref>

Another UK band, [[the Varukers]], were one of the original D-beat bands,<ref>Glasper 2004, p. 65.</ref> Scottish band [[the Exploited]] were also influential, with the term "UK 82" (used to refer to UK hardcore in the early 1980s) being taken from one of their songs. They contrasted with early American hardcore bands by placing an emphasis on appearance. Frontman Walter "Wattie" Buchan had a giant red [[Mohawk hairstyle|mohawk]] and the band continued to wear [[swastikas]], an approach influenced by the wearing of this symbol by 1970s punks such as [[Sid Vicious]]. Because of this, the Exploited were labeled by others in the scene as "cartoon punks".<ref>Glasper 2004, p. 360</ref> Other influential UK hardcore bands from this period included [[Charged GBH|GBH]], [[Anti-Establishment (band)|Anti-Establishment]], [[Antisect]], [[Broken Bones (band)|Broken Bones]], [[Chaos UK]], [[Conflict (band)|Conflict]], [[Dogsflesh]], [[English Dogs]], and [[grindcore]] innovators [[Napalm Death]].

====Other countries====
There was an Italian hardcore punk scene in the 1980s that included groups like [[Wretched (punk band)|Wretched]], [[Raw Power (band)|Raw Power]], and [[Negazione]]. Sweden developed several influential hardcore bands, including [[Anti Cimex]], [[Disfear]], and [[Mob 47]]. Finland produced some influential hardcore bands, including [[Terveet Kädet]], one of the first hardcore groups to emerge in the country. In Eastern Europe, notable hardcore bands included Hungary's [[Galloping Coroners]] from 1975, Yugoslavia's 1980s-era [[Niet]] from Ljubljana, and [[KBO!]]

A [[Japanese hardcore]] scene arose to protest the social and economic changes sweeping the country in the late 1970s and during the 1980s. The band [[SS (band)|SS]] is regarded as the first, forming in 1977.<ref>{{cite web|author=グローバル・プラス株式会社|url=http://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000042455|title=＜パンクロックの封印を解く＞"東京ロッカーズ"の全貌に迫る『ROCKERS[完全版&#93;』 &#124; V.A.（PUNK） &#124; BARKS音楽ニュース| date=August 8, 2008 |publisher=Barks.jp|access-date=August 20, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420071423/http://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000042455|archive-date=April 20, 2014}}</ref> Bands such as [[the Stalin]] and [[GISM]] soon followed, both forming in 1980. Other notable Japanese hardcore bands include [[Balzac (band)|Balzac]], [[Bomb Factory (band)|Bomb Factory]], [[Disclose]] (a D-beat band), [[Garlic Boys]], [[Gauze (band)|Gauze]], [[S.O.B. (band)|SOB]],<ref>{{citation|surname1=Ian Christe|title=Sound of the Beast. The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal|year=2003|publisher=ItBooks|page=[https://archive.org/details/soundofbeastcomp0000chri/page/262 262]|isbn=978-0-380811-27-4|language=de|url=https://archive.org/details/soundofbeastcomp0000chri/page/262}}</ref> and [[the Star Club]].

===Mid–to–late 1980s===
[[File:COC 1986.jpg|215px|thumb|right|Corrosion of Conformity playing in Denver in 1986]]
The mid-1980s were a time of transition for the hardcore scene, with a number of influential bands from earlier in the decade changing their sound or breaking up. For instance, Black Flag's 1984 album ''[[My War]]'', which coincided with the band members growing their hair long, were criticized for having "gone [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]]".<ref name="altpress.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.altpress.com/features/black-flag-best-albums/|title=Black Flag: Five essential albums to get familiar with|first=Tim|last=Stegall|website=Altpress.com|date=January 2, 2020|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> The album's second side was called a road map for [[sludge metal]], as well as being influenced by [[doom metal]] bands.<ref name="altpress.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/grunge-you-can-thank-black-flag-for-that|title=Grunge? You can thank Black Flag for that|first=Alex Michaels 16|last=July 2020|website=Loudersound.com|date=July 16, 2020|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> Black Flag's eventual breakup in 1986 would coincide with the breakup of one of the other most influential hardcore bands, the [[Dead Kennedys]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.altpress.com/news/my_future_is_getting_in_the_way_of_my_past_why_henry_rollins_isnt_playing_m/|title="My future is getting in the way of my past," why Henry Rollins isn't playing music anymore|first=Bridjet|last=Mendyuk|website=Altpress.com|date=May 17, 2013|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8506510/dead-kennedys-east-bay-ray-dk40-live|title=Dead Kennedys' East Bay Ray on Their Explosive Live Legacy -- And His Hopes for Jello Biafra|date=April 10, 2019|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

By 1985, Boston bands SS Decontrol and DYS became metal bands, while the F.U.'s did the same, but changed their name to "Straw Dogs".<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 190-191</ref> By the end of the year, both SSD and DYS had broken up.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.awayfromlife.com/ss-decontrol-comeback-der-80er-hardcore-punk-band/|title=SS DECONTROL: Comeback der 80er Hardcore-Punk-Band?|first=Simon|last=Hereth|date=February 17, 2020|website=Awayfromlife.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bcm.bc.edu/issues/spring_2004/works.html|title=Music man – BCM – Spring 2004|website=Bcm.bc.edu|access-date=September 5, 2020|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001033232/https://bcm.bc.edu/issues/spring_2004/works.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other bands in the mid-'80s that went from being strictly hardcore to adding more metal riffs developed an even heavier sound, with Corrosion of Conformity, Cro-Mags and D.R.I., becoming known as [[crossover thrash]] bands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2013/05/15/the-oral-history-of-nycs-metalhardcore-crossover/|title=The Oral History of NYC's Metal/Hardcore Crossover &#124; The Village Voice|website=Villagevoice.com|date=May 15, 2013|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> Bands like Cro-Mags looked to early Bad Brains songs such as ''Supertouch/Shitfit'' as inspiration for heavy breakdowns in hardcore punk music.<ref>Reardon, Tom. "Eyehategod And Cro-Mags: Heavy Riffs, Heavier Influence." [[Phoenix New Times]], 4, November 8, 2018, {{cite web| url = https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/punk-and-metal-legends-cro-mags-and-eyehategod-join-forces-in-mesa-10977332#:~:text=For%20the%20uninitiated%2C%20Cro%2DMags,huge%20helping%20of%20thrash%20metal.&amp;text=When%20the%20first%20song%20on,music%20was%20never%20the%20same.| title = Punk and Metal Legends Cro-Mags and Eyehategod Join Forces in Mesa {{!}} Phoenix New Times}}</ref>

Bad Religion briefly broke up in 1984, after making the [[progressive rock]] album ''[[Into the Unknown (Bad Religion album)|Into the Unknown]]''. They returned to their roots on the 1985 ''[[Back to the Known]]'' EP, and then began their embrace of more melodic straightforward punk rock, starting with 1988's ''[[Suffer (album)|Suffer]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/this-is-hardcore-bad-religion-suffer|title=This Is Hardcore: Bad Religion – Suffer|first=Laurent Barnard 09|last=July 2015|website=Loudersound.com|date=July 9, 2015|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> In 1986, Los Angeles's [[Youth Brigade (band)|Youth Brigade]] changed their name to The Brigade, and changed their sound to a style that ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'' compared to mainstream bands like [[U2]], [[R.E.M.]], and [[Big Country]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-12-30-ca-1291-story.html|title=PUNK OR NOT, BRIGADE URGES NONVIOLENCE|date=December 30, 1986|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> They would break up the next year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/sacramento-guitarist-brian-hanover-on/content?oid=12301560|title=Sacramento guitarist Brian Hanover on his gig with the legendary punk band Youth Brigade – Music Feature – Music – December 19, 2013|website=Newsreview.com|date=December 18, 2013|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

Bands such as [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]], [[Meat Puppets]], [[Hüsker Dü]] and [[The Replacements (band)|the Replacements]], changed their style, becoming [[alternative rock]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Simon |year=2005 |title=Rip It Up and Start Again: Post Punk 1978–1984 |location=[[London]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] |isbn=0-571-21569-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ripitupstartagai00reyn/page/460 460–467] |url=https://archive.org/details/ripitupstartagai00reyn/page/460 }}</ref> Around the same time, a social movement within the influential hardcore punk scene of Washington, D.C., occurred during the summer of 1985, dubbed [[Revolution Summer (music)|Revolution Summer]]. The movement challenged the initial wave of hardcore music, the attitudes of fans and bands before them and also the image mainstream media portrayed of punks. The bands that spawned out of Revolution Summer often took a stand against violence, especially at shows in the form of slam dancing, as well as standing up against the sexism of the scene. Bands associated with the movement, such as [[Rites of Spring]], [[Embrace (American band)|Embrace]], and [[Dag Nasty]], are notable for having inspired the emotional hardcore and the original [[emo]] genre of the late 1980s and 1990s.<ref>Pattison, Louis (November 27, 2012). "Rites of Spring and the summer that changed punk rock". [[The Guardian]]. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 29, 2016.</ref><ref>Radin, Andy. Untitled (draft text about history of emo). What the heck *is* emo, anyway? Retrieved June 8, 2017.</ref> The subsequent [[post-hardcore]] music genre, spearheaded by bands like [[Fugazi]], is an evolution of hardcore which was created by participants of the Revolution Summer movement.<ref>Andersen, Mark (July 3, 2015). "Revolution Summer lives on – 30 years later". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 29, 2016.</ref> T.S.O.L., who had already embraced [[goth rock]], became a [[hard rock]] band with 1986's ''[[Revenge (T.S.O.L. album)|Revenge]]'', being compared to [[Poison (American band)|Poison]] and [[Faster Pussycat]], and touring with [[Guns N' Roses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tsol-mn0000004451/biography|title=T.S.O.L. &#124; Biography & History|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> [[Red Kross]]'s second album, 1987's ''[[Neurotica (album)|Neurotica]]'', was described as a blend of [[pop rock]] and [[art rock]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/neurotica-mw0000191420|title=Neurotica – Redd Kross|access-date=September 5, 2020|website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> The [[Beastie Boys]] gained fame by playing [[hip hop]], and [[Bad Brains]] incorporated more [[reggae]] into their music, such as in their 1989 album ''[[Quickness]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/darryl_jenifer_of_bad_brains_i_want_to_be_the_soldier_of_my_music.html |title=Darryl Jenifer Of Bad Brains: 'I Want To Be The Soldier Of My Music' |date=July 12, 2007 |publisher=[[Ultimate Guitar Archive]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622083840/http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/darryl_jenifer_of_bad_brains_i_want_to_be_the_soldier_of_my_music.html |archive-date=June 22, 2009 }}</ref>

[[File:Youth of Today at SO36 (2010).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Youth of Today]] at a 2010 show]]
Starting in 1986, the [[youth crew]] movement, became prominent in New York hardcore. Inspired by early hardcore bands such as 7 Seconds, Minor Threat and SSD, whose members were all straight edge and lyrical concerns included brotherhood and community values, youth crew was a reaction against the prevailing metal influence in hardcore at the time. The movement was based around [[Youth of Today]], and fleshed out by bands signed to Youth of Today vocalist [[Ray Cappo]]'s record label [[Revelation Records]], including [[Gorilla Biscuits]], [[Bold (band)|Bold]] and Side by Side.<ref name="Black 2015">{{cite web |last1=Black |first1=Billy |title=POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE: 5 ESSENTIAL YOUTH CREW RECORDS |url=https://crackmagazine.net/article/lists/positive-mental-attitude-5-essential-youth-crew-records/ |website=[[Crack (magazine)|Crack]] |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref> Following the release of their second album ''Break Down the Walls'' (1986), Youth of Today toured extensively across the United States and internationally, leading to youth crew ideals spreading and the formation of many subsequent bands. Youth crew took a particular hold in Southern California,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History |quote=John Porcelly: The period right after ''Break Down the Walls'' came out in 1986 was super weird for us. We'd roll into some town and there would be dozens of kids dressed like us...<br>Billy Rubin:When Richie Birkenhead was in the band, and ''Break Down the Walls'' had already come out, Youth of Today more or less moved to Southern California for a while, living in the home of Dan O'Mahony. This whole crew of people spent a lot of time at the beach totally fascinated by the fact there were actually girls walking around in bikinis. After that people who came later into the Orange County scene, like Joe Nelson and the guys who formed the Sloth Crew, really latched onto that East Coast character that Youth of Today brought with them.}}</ref> where [[Chain of Strength]] became one of the style's premier bands.<ref name="Black 2015" /> As the style progressed, it too became influenced by the metal it originally opposed, seen in the musical style of [[Judge (band)|Judge]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blair |first1=Ed |title=Eight Essential Youth Crew Albums on Bandcamp |url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/youth-crew-albums-list |website=[[Bandcamp Daily]] |date=October 30, 2020 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>

In the late 1980s, a more militant subculture of [[straight edge]] called [[Hardline (subculture)|hardline]] emerged through members of the [[anarcho punk]] scene and embraced [[veganism]] and [[radical environmentalism]]. [[Vegan Reich]] began as a crew of [[Animal Liberationists]] before becoming a band in order to promote their views in 1986; however, the group split from the wider [[Anarchism in the United States|U.S. anarchist movement]] in 1988 due to backlash from the community for their anti-[[carnist]] views.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History |quote=Sean Muttaqi: I can definitely say that the process of physically forming the "hardline" movement from a lifetime of influences and experiences began at the 1986 anarchist gathering... Two years later, the excessive behavior we witnessed at the 1988 Toronto anarchist gathering was the nail in the coffin. We realized that we needed to form some new construct. Within the next few months, hardline was born. Vegan Reich began as an idea and as a crew, before becoming a band. As militant animal-lib activists within the anarchist community, where the majority were carnivores, our ideas were constantly derided as being fascist. The label was applied albeit somewhat jokingly by those who felt we wanted to take away their rights to eat meat... At a certain point, we decided to further promote our ideas via music and Vegan Reich recorded our first song in 1986... Steve Lovett: Hardline was essentially militant straight edge with an emphasis on radical veganism and environmentalism.}}</ref> Vegan Reich vocalist Sean Muttaqi and [[Raid (band)|Raid]] vocalist Steve Lovett created hardline philosophy and pioneered its musical movement alongside the English band Statement. Although hardline was overtly a political, anarchist school of thought rather than a hardcore subculture, hardline activists began to push their views specifically towards those in the mid to late 1980s straight edge scene due to the scene's wider appeal.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History |quote=Sean Muttaqi: At that stage, the straight edge scene was more vibrant than anarcho-punk. Anarcho-punk had seen better days even by mid-'80s. Clearly, the latter part of that decade belonged to the straight edge scene. We started talking to these straight edge kids about veganism, and they were really receptive. In the beginning we used "vegan straight edge" when talking to the straight kids as a way to introduced them to hardline.<br>Steve Lovett: Basically, Sean of Vegan Reich and I created the philosophy of the movement. As far as I'm concerned, the movement did not exist before the first three Hardline Records releases by Vegan Reich, Statement and Raid.}}</ref> The movement quickly gained popularity in Memphis and Indianapolis, before then spreading to Salt Lake City and Syracuse.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History |quote=Sean Muttaqi: We were immediately getting from all over the world [after being published in Maximum Rocknroll]. From that initial seed, hardline started sprouting up around the country, notably in areas like Memphis and Indianapolis, followed later by Syracuse and Salt Lake City.}}</ref>

===1990s===
[[File:Integrity @ Roadburn Festival 2017 08.jpg|thumb|left|[[Integrity (band)|Integrity]] were one of the pioneers of metalcore in the early 1990s.]]
The early 1990s saw the pioneering of [[metalcore]]. One of the earliest metalcore scenes was that of [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], fronted by [[Integrity (band)|Integrity]] and [[Ringworm (band)|Ringworm]].<ref name="Schafer, 2019">{{cite web |last1=Schafer |first1=Joseph |title=States Of Metal: Ohio Thrives On Grit And Determination |url=https://www.kerrang.com/states-of-metal-ohio-thrives-on-grit-and-determination |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=23 January 2019 |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> Integrity's debut album ''Those Who Fear Tomorrow '' (1991) merged hardcore with apocalyptic lyrics and metal's guitar solos and chugging riffs to create one of the primeval albums in the genre.<ref name="Young 2020">{{cite web |last1=Young |first1=Simon |title=The 21 best U.S. metalcore albums of all time |url=https://www.kerrang.com/the-21-best-us-metalcore-albums-of-all-time |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=9 June 2020 |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> ''[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]]'' magazine writer Elis Enis stated that the album "influenced practically every breakdown that's been recorded since".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Enis |first1=Eli |title=10 MOST INFLUENTIAL METALCORE ALBUMS OF ALL TIME |url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/10-most-influential-metalcore-albums-all-time#integrity-those-who-fear-tomorrow |website=[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]] |date=16 August 2021 |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> Philadelphia's [[Starkweather (band)|Starkweather]] and New Jersey's [[Rorschach (band)|Rorschach]] were also early bands in the genre.<ref name="Martins, 2020">{{cite web |last1=Martins |first1=Jorge |title=Top 10 Most Important Moments In the Evolution of Metalcore |url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/articles/features/top_10_most_important_moments_in_the_evolution_of_metalcore-107030 |website=[[Ultimate Guitar]] |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=McKenty |first1=Finn |author-link=Finn McKenty |title=The History of Metalcore/Screamo |url=https://www.metalsucks.net/2010/06/07/the-history-of-metalcorescreamo/ |website=[[MetalSucks]] |date=7 June 2010 |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> In 1993, [[Earth Crisis]] released "Firestorm", one of the most influential songs in the genre.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marwood |first1=Lance |title=Earth Crisis: "People really take the bait when it comes to the divide and conquer propaganda." |date=5 June 2023 |url=https://v13.net/2023/06/earth-crisis-karl-buechner-interview-cover-stoy-firestorm/ |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> which ultimately popularised the militant [[vegan]] [[straight edge]] ethic and chug riffs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Downey |first1=Ryan |title=Biography Earth Crisis |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/earth-crisis-mn0000160870/biography |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> Soon after, the sound spread to Boston with [[Overcast (band)|Overcast]] and [[Converge (band)|Converge]]<ref name="Hill 2020">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Stephen |title=How Boston hardcore changed rock music |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/how-boston-hardcore-changed-rock-music |website=[[Metal Hammer]] |date=March 2020 |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> and New York City with [[All Out War (band)|All Out War]] and [[Merauder]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Enis |first1=Eli |title=Metal And Hardcore Legends Remember All Out War's For Those Who Were Crucified |url=https://www.kerrang.com/metal-and-hardcore-legends-remember-all-out-wars-for-those-who-were-crucified |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=22 July 2019 |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref>

During this era in mainstream music, punk rock became a success in 1994 with popular bands like [[Green Day]], [[the Offspring]], and [[Rancid (band)|Rancid]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/rancid-the-sweet-smell-of-success-59440/|title=Rancid: The Sweet Smell of Success|first1=Alec|last1=Foege|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=September 7, 1995|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> While typically playing [[pop punk]], Green Day's 1997 album ''[[Nimrod (album)|Nimrod]]'' contained two songs ("Platypus [I Hate You]" and "Take Back") that were described as hardcore;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/23-punk-pop-punk-albums-from-1997-that-turn-23-this-year/|title=23 punk & pop punk albums from 1997 that turn 23 this year|website=Brooklynvegan.com|date=March 23, 2020 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSWZAAAAQBAJ&q=%22take+back%22&pg=PT79|title=Nobody Likes You: Inside the Turbulent Life, Times, and Music of Green Day|first=Marc|last=Spitz|date=November 7, 2006|publisher=Hachette Books|isbn=9781401385798|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stereogum.com/1966948/nimrod-turns-20/franchises/reviews/the-anniversary/|title=Green Day 'Nimrod' Turns 20|date=October 13, 2017|website=Stereogum.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/why-em-nimrod-em-green-153719458.html|title=Why Nimrod is Green Day's unsung masterpiece|website=Yahoo.com|date=October 13, 2017 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> meanwhile, Rancid would record a hardcore album with 2000's ''[[Rancid (2000 album)|Rancid]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/rancid-albums-ranked-worst-to-best/|title=Rancid Albums Ranked Worst To Best|website=Brooklynvegan.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> The same year, punk became popular again in 1994, [[Sick of It All]] released the major label album ''[[Scratch the Surface]]''. According to lead singer Lou Koller, people thought that they would go from a hardcore band to sounding like Green Day, so they intentionally made an album heavier than anything they'd done before. The album became a surprise success, with the single "Step Down" becoming a staple on [[MTV]], thanks to a tongue-in-cheek music video featuring a roving reporter "exposing" the world of hardcore, and showing how to do various hardcore dance moves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/sick-of-it-all-the-story-behind-step-down|title=The Story Behind The Song: Step Down by Sick Of It All|first=Stephen Hill30|last=January 2019|website=Loudersound.com|date=January 30, 2019|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> The decade also saw a rise in pop-punk bands like [[New Found Glory]] and [[Saves the Day]], which garnered attention from fans of hardcore due to band member connections to the contemporary hardcore scene.<ref>Fossum, Melissa (September 28, 2011). "New Found Glory's Steve Klein on New Album, Changes in Pop Punk, and the Fate of International Superheroes of Hardcore". The Phoenix New Times (Village Voice Media). Retrieved October 3, 2011.</ref><ref>"Saves The Day > Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 13, 2009.</ref>

As a reaction against the dominance of metal-influenced hardcore amongst straight edge bands, around 1996, a revival of the sound of the youth crew bands began.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History |quote=The early '90s was full of bands who promoted a straight edge lifestyle, but sounded more metal and played slower. Then the mid'90s brought bands made up of older guys from the late '80s who wanted that more traditional sound. There were younger guys who wanted that as well. So around 1996 or 1997, a full Youth Crew revival happened.}}</ref> Bands including [[In My Eyes (band)|In My Eyes]], [[Bane (band)|Bane]], [[Ten Yard Fight]] and Floorpunch, used the key aspects of late 1980s bands such as the gang vocals, high tempos and lyrical themes of straight edge, unity and vegetarianism.<ref name="Kerrang, 2018">{{cite web |title=Wesley Eisold of American Nightmare Talks Legacy, Mental Health and Stripped Back Hardcore|url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/wesley-eisold-of-american-nightmare-talks-legacy-mental-health-and-stripped-back-hardcore/ |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=February 16, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hamilton |first1=Jake |title=Chain of Strength The One Thing That Still Holds True (1996) |date=April 8, 2015 |url=https://www.punknews.org/review/13398/chain-of-strength-the-one-thing-that-still-holds-true |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref> Additionally, at this time, Youth of Today's [[Ray Cappo]] formed [[Better Than a Thousand]] with Ken Olden and Graham Land of early 1990s straight edge band [[Battery (hardcore punk band)|Battery]], creating a sound, too, harkening back to this era.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramirez |first1=Carlos |title=Better Than a Thousand's Just One + Value Driven LPs to Be Reissued in Expanded Editions |date=April 28, 2020 |url=https://www.noecho.net/features/better-than-a-thousand-just-one-value-driven-reissues |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref> Further bands meshed straight edge with additional causes, such as [[Christian hardcore]] bands [[Call to Preserve]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtwoDgAAQBAJ&q=Call+to+Preserve+christian+straight+edge&pg=PA129|title=With God on Our Side: Towards a Transformational Theology of Rock and Roll|first=Steven|last=Félix-Jäger|date=January 11, 2017|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|page=129|isbn=9781498231800|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref> [[The Red Baron (band)|the Red Baron]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indievisionmusic.com/interviews/the-red-baron/|title=The Red Baron – Interviews|date=February 20, 2009|website=Indievisionmusic.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> [[xLooking Forwardx]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yK9DwAAQBAJ&q=xlooking+forwardx+christian+straight+edge&pg=PA68|title=Christian Punk: Identity and Performance|first=Ibrahim|last=Abraham|date=January 23, 2020|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|page=68|isbn=9781350094802|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref> [[Jewish]] band [[Sons of Abraham]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cHWCwAAQBAJ&q=%22Sons+of+Abraham%22+hardcore&pg=PA67|title=Oy Oy Oy Gevalt! Jews and Punk: Jews and Punk|first=Michael|last=Croland|date=April 18, 2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=67|isbn=9781440832208|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref>
[[queercore]] band [[Limp Wrist]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PuoDwAAQBAJ&q=limp+wrist+queercore+straight+edge&pg=PT23|title=X: Straight Edge and Radical Sobriety|first=Gabriel|last=Kuhn|date=October 1, 2019|publisher=PM Press|isbn=9781629637709|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[right-wing]] [[anti-immigrant]] band One Life Crew,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/what-one-life-crew-taught-me-about-hardcore/|title=What One Life Crew Taught Me About Hardcore|website=Vice.com|date=April 3, 2015 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/hardcore-punk-motivational-speakers-john-joseph-toby-morse-ray-cappo|title=How a Generation of Hardcore Legends All Became Motivational Speakers|date=December 5, 2018|website=Melmagazine.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> and [[anti-capitalism]] bands [[Manliftingbanner]] and [[Refused]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MBrvCgAAQBAJ&q=Manliftingbanner+straight+edge&pg=PA208|title=Music Sociology: Examining the Role of Music in Social Life|first1=Sara Towe|last1=Horsfall|first2=Jan-Martijn|last2=Meij|first3=Meghan|last3=Probstfield|page=208|date=November 17, 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317255840|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref>

In the late 1990s, a number of movements that attempted to rebel against the hypermasculinity that hardcore had come to embrace. One of these was [[fashioncore]], which originated from [[Orange County, California|Orange County]], California metalcore bands, particularly [[Eighteen Visions]]. The movement placed emphasis on the fashion style of the musicians and saw many in hardcore begin to wear skinny jeans, collared shirts and white belts and adopting dyed, straightened and swooping fringed hairstyles. [[Sass music]] began with this same intention, doing so by incorporating elements such as homoerotic lyrics, lisped vocals, dance parts and sometimes synths.<ref name="PopMatters">{{cite web |last1=Stewart |first1=Ethan |title=From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture |url=https://www.popmatters.com/scene-subculture-origins-hardcore-harajuku |website=[[PopMatters]] |date=May 25, 2021 |access-date=May 25, 2021}}</ref>

As the 1990s drew to a close, a wave of metalcore bands began incorporating elements of [[melodic death metal]] into their sound. This formed an early version of what would become the [[melodic metalcore]] genre, with [[Shadows Fall]]'s ''[[Somber Eyes to the Sky]]'' (1997), Undying's ''This Day All Gods Die'' (1999), [[Darkest Hour (band)|Darkest Hour]]'s ''The Prophecy Fulfilled'' (1999), [[Unearth]]'s ''[[Above the Fall of Man]]'' (1999), [[Prayer for Cleansing]]'s ''Rain in Endless Fall'' (1999) being some of the style's earliest releases.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sfetcu |first1=Nicolae |title=The Music Sound |date=7 May 2014 |quote=While death metal and hardcore had always intermingled to an extent, the first clearly identifiable instances of melodic Swedish metal being combined with hardcore seem to have sprung almost simultaneously, with Undying's This Day All Gods Die, Darkest Hour's The Prophecy Fulfilled, Prayer for Cleansing's The Rain in Endless Fall, Shadows Fall's With Somber Eyes to the Sky, and Unearth's Above the Fall of Man all being released within a year of each other (1998-99). It is unclear who first got the idea to combine the two styles. Darkest Hour had released an EP called The Misanthrope in 1996 which arguably contained elements of their later sound but was for the most part aggro-hardcore in the vein of Damnation a.d. On the other hand, Day of Suffering's 1997 album The Eternal Jihad is cited as an influence for many of the North Carolina bands that followed, such as Undying and Overcast is seen as having started the genre in Massachusetts.}}</ref> [[CMJ]] writer Anthony Delia also credited Florida's [[Poison the Well (band)|Poison the Well]] and their first two releases ''[[The Opposite of December... A Season of Separation]]'' (1999) and ''[[Tear from the Red]]'' (2002) as "design[ing] the template for most of" the melodic metalcore bands to come.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Delia|first1=Anthony|title=CMJ Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XY5HXiUDbskC |access-date=27 April 2018|issue=821|date=7 July 2003 |quote=Poison The Well designed the template for most of today's melodic metalcore acts, spawning countless copycats in the process. The band's last two efforts, 1999's The Opposite Of December...A Season Of Separation and 2002's Tear From The Red, are genre essentials, but no one is going to argue that those albums were constructed of memorable parts, rather than complete, efficiently executed songs; you knew when to rock out and when to sing along.}}</ref>

===2000s===
[[File:A Wilhelm Scream-01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Singer Nuno Pereira performing at [[A Wilhelm Scream]] show]]
By 1999 and 2000, the youth crew revival was in decline, with Ten Yard Fight, In My Eyes and Floorpunch all disbanding. As a reaction against the homogeneity and simplicity that scene had developed, Ten Yard Fight guitarist Tim Cossar and the band's roadie [[Wesley Eisold]] formed [[American Nightmare (band)|American Nightmare]].<ref name="Wrenn and W">{{cite book |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History |quote=Chris Wrenn: By 1999, Ten Yard Fight broke up, and In My Eyes and Floorpunch broke up soon after. That was the time for the next shift. Tim Cossar from Ten Yard Fight was my roommate, and when that band was breaking up, he started putting together American Nightmare. American Nightmare weren't really a crazy departure from Ten Yard Fight, but it was definitely darker. All of a sudden, all the bands that had red T-shirts or royal-blue T-shirts only sold black T-shirts.<br>Greg W: In Boston, Ten Yard Fight and In My Eyes had been the bands that were setting the tone for kids my age. Then American Nightmare got really big in Boston. I think that was a reaction to Ten Yard Fight and In My Eyes going on for so long. Kids didn't want to be the clean-cut straight edge; they wanted something darker. Bands like Hope Conspiracy and Converge were more metal. Trust me, we were into American Nightmare, but it reached a point where every band was an American Nightmare junior. I was just so sick of seeing T-shirts with scratchy fonts and all that.}}</ref> Although still musically rooted in the youth crew revival, the band's negative, poetic lyrics of self-loathing were inspired by groups like [[the Smiths]].<ref name="Kerrang, 2018" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Blair |first1=Ed |title=A Brief Overview of Boston Hardcore In Nine Albums |url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/boston-hardcore-guide |website=[[Bandcamp Daily]] |date=March 5, 2020 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref> American Nightmare's influence was apparent promptly in their home of Boston,<ref name="Wrenn and W" /> then expanded nationally with the release of their 2001 debut album ''[[Background Music (album)|Background Music]]'',<ref name="Kerrang, 2018" /> being followed by a wave bands including [[Ceremony (punk band)|Ceremony]], [[Ruiner (band)|Ruiner]], [[Modern Life Is War]], [[the Hope Conspiracy]] and [[Killing the Dream]].<ref>"Charts", Billboard. August 23, 2008, pp. 40–41. Retrieved December 25, 2011.</ref><ref>Hughes, Josiah. "American Nightmare Announce New Album, Share "The World Is Blue"". Retrieved November 25, 2019.</ref> A reaction against this movement also took place, which began with Mental, who were quickly followed by [[Have Heart]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rettman |first1=Tony |title=Straight Edge A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History |quote=Greg W: When we formed the band Mental, it was a reaction to bands in our area like American Nightmare and Panic. We wanted to do something that was different to what was going on at the time. Luckily, the older people who got me into hardcore as a kid put me onto classic New York hard-core. I could never connect to any of that baggy-pants Victory Records stuff too much. The guys in Mental and I were ''so'' into old New York and D.C. hardcore. We worshipped it, and we wanted to bring that style of music back...<br>Chris Wrenn: I saw Have Heart picking up the straight edge torch afte Mental. Bands like American Nightmare and No Warning only had black T-shirts. When Bridge Nine Records started working with Have Heart, Pat's only concern was that we didn't make black T-shirts for the band, and I don't think we ever did; red and royal blue definitely, but not black.}}</ref> Have Heart's success led to the rise in popularity of other [[positive hardcore]] groups like [[Champion (band)|Champion]], [[Verse (band)|Verse]] and [[Sinking Ships]], and the rise in prominence of [[Bridge 9 Records]].<ref name="Bane, Shipwreck a 2009">"Have Heart announce final show with Bane, Shipwreck a.d." punknews.org. August 22, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2010.</ref><ref>Break-ups: Verse (2003–2009) Punknews.org, February 9, 2009. Retrieved February 13, 2009.</ref> In an ''[[AllMusic]]'' review, Greg Prato wrote about the label's band [[Energy (American band)|Energy]] that "While you wouldn't go quite as far as calling Energy "a hardcore [[boy band]]," the group's leanings toward the mainstream are undeniable throughout ''[[Invasions of the Mind]]''.<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/invasions-of-the-mind-mw0000796880/credits|title=Invasions of the Mind album credits|website=allmusic.com|access-date=November 14, 2018}}</ref> Friends Stand United (FSU) formed in Boston in the 1980s in an attempt to expel [[neo-Nazi]]s from the scene.<ref name=must>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=25925 |title=The Show Must Go On |last=Seling |first=Megan |date=January 5, 2006 |work=[[The Stranger (newspaper)|The Stranger]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190707025219/https://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=25925 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=July 7, 2019 }}</ref> By the early 2000s, there were FSU chapters in Philadelphia, Chicago, Arizona, Los Angeles, Seattle, [[upstate New York]] and New Jersey, and they were considered to have about 200 members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/punk-rock-fight-club-190267/|title=Punk Rock Fight Club|first1=Mark|last1=Binelli|website=Rollingstone.com|date=August 23, 2007|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] eventually classified FSU as a street gang, which used violent methods and repeatedly assault people at hardcore shows and on Boston streets. In conjunction with the gang activities, James eventually did time in jail for extortion.<ref name=fbi>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/chicago/press-releases/2009/cg071409.htm |title=Alleged Founder of Street Gang that Uses Violence to Control Hardcore Punk Rock Music Scene Arrested on Extortion Charge for Shaking Down $5,000 from Recording Artist for Protection |date=July 14, 2009 |work=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=May 30, 2014}}</ref>

With the increased popularity of punk rock in the mid-1990s and the 2000s, additional hardcore bands signed with major record labels. In 2001, New York's [[H2O (American band)|H<sub>2</sub>O]] released the album ''[[Go (H2O album)|Go]]'' on [[MCA Records|MCA]], but it failed at bringing the band big success, and fell flat with longtime fans.<ref>Smith, Nathan. "Breaking Down Two Decades of H2O with Bassist Adam Blake." [[Houston Press]], 4, October 24, 2019, {{cite web| url = https://www.houstonpress.com/music/breaking-down-two-decades-of-h2o-with-bassist-adam-blake-7524907.| title = Houston Press {{!}} The Leading Independent News Source in Houston, Texas}}</ref> In 2002, [[AFI (band)|AFI]] signed to [[DreamWorks Records]] but changed their sound considerably for its successful major label debut ''[[Sing the Sorrow]]''. Chicago's [[Rise Against]] were signed by [[Geffen Records]], and three of its releases on the label were certified platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |title=Recording Industry Association of America |publisher=RIAA |access-date=December 4, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225031458/http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=February 25, 2013 }}</ref> Like AFI, Rise Against gradually removed elements of hardcore from their music, culminating with 2008's ''[[Appeal to Reason (album)|Appeal to Reason]]'', which lacked the intensity found in their earlier albums.<ref>{{cite web |last=Stewart |first=Bill |url=https://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/rise-against-appeal-to-reason |title=Rise Against: Appeal to Reason < PopMatters |publisher=Popmatters.com |access-date=December 4, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525094101/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/rise-against-appeal-to-reason |archive-date=May 25, 2011 }}</ref> United Kingdom band [[Gallows (band)|Gallows]] were signed to [[Warner Bros. Records]] for £1 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punknews.org/article/28849|title=Gallows working on new album|date=May 12, 2008 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227070614/http://www.punknews.org/article/28849|archive-date=December 27, 2010}}</ref> Their major label debut ''[[Grey Britain]]'' was more aggressive than their previous material, and the band was subsequently dropped from the label.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2010/jan/06/gallows-great-rock-n-roll-swindle | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Gallows' great rock'n'roll swindle | first=Ben | last=Myers | date=January 6, 2010 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930220156/http://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2010/jan/06/gallows-great-rock-n-roll-swindle | archive-date=September 30, 2013 }}</ref> The success of the band led to other British hardcore acts of the time gain notability like [[the Ghost of a Thousand]] and [[Heights (band)|Heights]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Stephen |title=The top 10 most underrated UK hardcore records |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-top-10-most-underrated-uk-hardcore-albums-records |website=[[Metal Hammer]] |date=July 5, 2016 |access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref> Los Angeles band [[The Bronx (band)|the Bronx]] briefly appeared on [[Island Def Jam Music Group]] for the release of their [[The Bronx (2006 album)|2006 self-titled album]], which was named one of the top 40 albums of the year by ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/ |title=The 40 Best Albums of 2006 |publisher=SPIN.com |date=December 14, 2006 |access-date=December 4, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209121450/https://www.spin.com/2006/12/40-best-albums-2006/ |archive-date=December 9, 2011 }}</ref> They appeared in the [[Darby Crash]] [[biopic]] ''[[What We Do Is Secret (film)|What We Do Is Secret]]'', playing members of Black Flag. In 2007, [[Toronto]]'s [[Fucked Up]] appeared on ''[[MTV Live Canada]]'', where they were introduced as "Effed Up".<ref name="exclaimmag">{{cite web|last=Sutherland|first=Sam|title=What the Fuck? Curse Word Band Names Challenge the Music Industry|url=http://exclaim.ca/articles/research.aspx?csid1=116|work=Exclaim! Magazine|year=2007|access-date=October 31, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527130154/http://exclaim.ca/Features/Research/what_fuck-curse_word_band_names_challenge_music|archive-date=May 27, 2012}}</ref> During the performance of its song "Baiting the Public", the majority of the audience was [[moshing]], which caused $2000 in damages to the set.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/fucked-up-banned-from-mtv/ |work=[[VICE (magazine)|VICE magazine]] |publisher=[[TypePad]] |title=Fucked Up Banned From MTV |date=January 23, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064612/http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/fucked-up-banned-from-mtv |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> [[Fucked Up]] went on to win the [[2009 Polaris Music Prize]] for the album ''[[The Chemistry of Common Life]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/fucked_up_win_2009_polaris_music_prize|title=Fucked Up Win the 2009 Polaris Music Prize|website=Exclaim.ca|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

Australian hardcore also took off during this time with bands like [[Miles Away (band)|Miles Away]], [[Break Even (band)|Break Even]], [[50 Lions]] (formed in 2005), and [[Iron Mind (Band)|Iron Mind]] (formed in 2006). The genre was played on the national [[Triple J]] network on the ''[[short.fast.loud]]'' program.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/triplej/shortfastloud/default.htm |title=SHORT.FAST.LOUD. on Triple J |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=June 30, 2004 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727185637/http://www.abc.net.au/triplej/shortfastloud/default.htm |archive-date=July 27, 2014 }}</ref> Australian labels that released hardcore music include [[Broken Hive Records]], [[Resist Records]] and [[UNFD]] Records.

===2010s===
[[File:Turnstile SO36 2020-03-05.jpg|thumb|Turnstile have been one of the most prominent bands in the hardcore scene since their 2010 formation.]]
With many bands breaking up in the late 2000s, accompanied by a general sense of sonic homogeny in the hardcore genre, the 2010s became a decade of experimentation and fusion in hardcore music that was fueled by access to streaming.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.punknews.org/review/16381/angel-dut-pretty-buff| title = Angel Du$t - Pretty Buff {{!}} Punknews.org| date = March 14, 2019}}|quote=A younger crop of artists now has access to a wide spectrum of music to take influence from in a way that just a few years ago was unthinkable. In the punk scene, the genre that took this evolution most to heart was hardcore.</ref> Drawing from and collaborating with elements of other eras and genres, hardcore grew as music styles intersected. For instance, bands like [[Trash Talk (band)|Trash Talk]] began collaborating with artists like [[Tyler, the Creator]] and his hip hop collective [[Odd Future]].<ref>Horowitz, Steven J. (May 30, 2012). "Trash Talk Signs To Odd Future Records | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</ref> Meanwhile, bands like [[Fury (American band)|Fury]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://goodtimes.sc/santa-cruz-arts-entertainment/hardcore-rock-band-fury-found-way/|title = How Hardcore Rock Band Fury Found its Way| newspaper=Good Times |date = January 22, 2020}}</ref> [[Fiddlehead (band)|Fiddlehead]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/hear-fiddlehead-channel-jawbox-fugazi-new-post-hardcore-song-usma|title=Hear Fiddlehead Channel Jawbox, Fugazi on New Post-Hardcore Song "USMA"|newspaper=Revolver |date=March 30, 2018}}</ref> and Give<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/music/after-a-decade-on-the-scene-give-is-still-cultivating-hardcore-joy/2018/10/30/22c25ab8-d872-11e8-a10f-b51546b10756_story.html| title = After a decade on the scene, Give is still cultivating hardcore joy – The Washington Post| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>  garnered a great deal of attention on an underground level for their lyricism and diverse sounds.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/fury-rising-oc-hardcore-band-talks-taking-squeegee-third-eye|title = Fury: Rising O.C. Hardcore Band Talks Taking "Squeegee" to Third Eye| newspaper=Revolver |date = June 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://bandwidth.wamu.org/index.html%3Fp=38074.html| title = Flower Power: How GIVE Is Planting New Seeds In D.C.'s Hardcore Scene {{!}} Bandwidth}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/read-this-interview-with-fiddleheads-pat-flynn-and-then-call-your-dad/|title = Read This Interview with Fiddlehead's Pat Flynn and then Call Your Dad| date=June 16, 2019 }}</ref> Other prominent bands, like [[Title Fight]] and [[Basement (band)|Basement]] brought elements of [[shoegaze]] and '90s [[noise rock]] into the hardcore genre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/mar/06/shoegazi-how-title-fight-went-from-hardcore-to-mbv|title=Shoegazi: How Title Fight went from hardcore to post-rock|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=March 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>Punknews.org. "Basement – Songs About the Weather [7-inch]". Punknews.org. Retrieved October 5, 2018.</ref>

[[Trapped Under Ice]] were one of the most prominent bands in hardcore in the early 2010s. The band's second album ''[[Big Kiss Goodnight]]'' (2011) changing the sonic landscape of hardcore at the time,<ref name="New Noise, 2017">{{cite web |title=Spotlight: This Is Hardcore Featuring Trapped Under Ice & Walk The Plank |url=https://newnoisemagazine.com/column/spotlight-hardcore-featuring-trapped-under-ice-walk-plank/ |website=[[New Noise Magazine]] |access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> with ''[[Stereogum]]'' writer Tom Breiham stating in a 2023 article that "it's been years since we've gotten a new Trapped Under Ice song, but that band's influence looms large over the entire hardcore landscape today."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Breiham |first1=Tom |title=Gorilla Biscuits, Reunited And Vital |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2219953/gorilla-biscuits-reunited-and-vital/columns/let-the-roundup-begin/ |website=[[Stereogum]] |date=April 14, 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> However, in 2013, the band suddenly disbanded, disheartened by the amount of interest in them by the music industry. In the meantime, its members focused on their other projects [[Angel Dust (American band)|Angel Dust]], [[Diamond Youth]], [[Down to Nothing]] and [[Turnstile (band)|Turnstile]].<ref name="New Noise, 2017" /> Angel Dust's embrace of styles like [[indie pop]], and Turnstile's of 1960s [[surf music]] and 1990s alternative rock led to them, too, becoming formidable in the follow decade.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fixell |first1=Ethan |last2=Krovatin |first2=Chris |last3=Enis |first3=Eli |title=The 50 Best American Hardcore Bands Right Now |url=https://www.kerrang.com/the-50-best-american-hardcore-bands-right-now |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=August 28, 2019 |access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref>

In the early to mid-2010s, a number of British hardcore punk bands began being represented as members of a new musical movement dubbed the [[New Wave of British Hardcore]], a term coined by Adam Malik from the Essence Records.<ref name="NWOBHC" /> Bands who are part of the movement generally take influence from '80s Boston and New York hardcore bands.<ref name="Arms Race" /> Bands associated with the movement include [[Arms Race (band)|Arms Race]],<ref>{{cite web |title=HIGHER POWER PLAYED THE DR. MARTENS BOOT ROOM AND IT WAS WILD |url=https://www.kerrang.com/video/higher-power-played-the-dr-martens-boot-room-and-it-was-wild/ |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=September 28, 2018 |access-date=August 7, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Arms Race">{{cite web |title=Arms Race The Beast E.P. (2018) |date=March 9, 2018 |url=https://www.punknews.org/review/15695/arms-race-the-beast-ep |access-date=August 7, 2019}}</ref> [[Violent Reaction]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=GILLIS |first1=CARLA |title=Not Dead Yet unveils more programming: Warthog, Vexx, No Tolerance |date=August 9, 2016 |url=https://nowtoronto.com/music/not-dead-yet-2016-unveils-more-bands/ |access-date=August 7, 2019}}</ref> [[Big Cheese (band)|Big Cheese]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kamiński |first1=ByKarol |title=3 noteworthy UKHC records to check this Winter: BIG CHEESE, RAPTURE, STAGES IN FAITH |date=December 22, 2017 |url=https://idioteq.com/3-noteworthy-hardcore-records-to-check-this-winter-big-cheese-rapture-stages-in-faith/ |access-date=February 29, 2020}}</ref> [[Higher Power (band)|Higher Power]], Perspex Flesh, Mob Rules, [[The Flex (band)|the Flex]] and Blind Authority.<ref name="NWOBHC">{{cite web |last1=Alva |first1=Freddy |title=The New Wave of British Hardcore |date=February 26, 2015 |url=https://www.noecho.net/features/the-new-wave-of-british-hardcore |access-date=August 7, 2019}}</ref> Some bands such as Rapture,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scott |first1=Tim |title=Rapture Are Part of the Second Coming of UK Straight Edge Hardcore |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/rapture-are-part-of-the-second-coming-of-uk-straight-edge-hardcore/ |website=[[Vice Media]] |date=October 22, 2016 |access-date=August 31, 2019}}</ref> Violent Reaction<ref name="NWOBHC" /> and Payday<ref>{{cite web |title=Second to None |url=http://www.xsentientx.com/latest-additions/page13.html |access-date=August 31, 2019}}</ref> are straight edge.

During this time, Muslim hardcore bands have emerged in the U.S., Canada, Pakistan, and Indonesia. The development of Muslim hardcore has been traced to the impact of a 2010 film ''[[Taqwacore (film)|Taqwacore]]'', a documentary about the Muslim hardcore scene. Bands include [[the Kominas]] from Boston, the all-girl [[Secret Trial Five]] from Toronto, [[Al Thawra]] (The Power) from Chicago "and even a few bands out in Pakistan and Indonesia."<ref>Sanjiv Bhattacharya. "How Islamic punk went from fiction to reality." ''The Guardian'', Thursday August 4, 2011. Available online at: {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/aug/04/islamic-punk-muslim-taqwacores |title=How Islamic punk went from fiction to reality |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=August 4, 2011 |access-date=December 19, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221143127/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/aug/04/islamic-punk-muslim-taqwacores |archive-date=December 21, 2016 }} Accessed on July 28, 2014.</ref> Partly due to developments in digital communications, there was a rise in interaction between hardcore scenes in different places and subgenres, particularly in Europe. In September 2017, ''[[Bandcamp Daily]]'' wrote that [[Fluff Fest]], which has been held in the Czech Republic since 2000 and features an international lineup of independent bands ranging in style from [[crust punk]] to [[screamo]], "has established itself as the main DIY hardcore punk event in Europe".<ref name="bandcamp">{{cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/09/20/czech-diy-list/|title=The Sincere and Vibrant World of the Czech DIY Scene|publisher=Bandcamp|first=Jacopo|last=Sanna|date=September 20, 2017|access-date=October 7, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312223729/https://daily.bandcamp.com/2017/09/20/czech-diy-list/|archive-date=March 12, 2018}}</ref>

During the decade, many hardcore bands also had considerable chart recognition. Turnstile signed to [[Roadrunner Records]] in 2017 and released their sophomore album ''[[Time & Space]]'' in 2018, which reached number one on the [[Top Heatseekers|Billboard Heatseekers chart]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Time & Spice Turnstile |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/turnstile/chart-history/tln/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=October 25, 2019 |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025152817/https://www.billboard.com/music/turnstile/chart-history/TLN/song/1068050 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Gouge Away]], formed in 2012 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, saw their record ''Burnt Sugar'' peak at 46 on Billboard Independent Albums.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/gouge-away/chart-history/ind/|title = Gouge Away|magazine = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> [[Code Orange (band)|Code Orange]], who formed in Pittsburgh in 2008, their 2014 sophomore album ''[[I Am King]]'' reached number 96 on the [[Billboard 200]], and its follow up, 2017's ''[[Forever (Code Orange album)|Forever]]'' peaked and number 62.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Chart History |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/code-orange/chart-history/tsl/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=October 25, 2019}}</ref>  Kentucky hardcore band [[Knocked Loose]] formed in 2013 and released their debut album ''[[Laugh Tracks (Knocked Loose album)|Laugh Tracks]]'' in 2016, which peaked at number 163 on the Billboard 200. Its follow-up ''[[A Different Shade of Blue]]'' was released in 2019 and peaked at number 26.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Knocked Loose |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/knocked-loose |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> Many of these bands were a part of wave of bands gaining recognition for harkening back to the metallic hardcore sound of bands from the 1990s, which included [[Vein.fm]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krovatin |first1=Chris |title=6 Underground Metalcore Bands Redefining The Scene Right Now |url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/six-underground-metalcore-bands-redefining-the-scene/ |website=Kerrang! |date=12 November 2018 |access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref> Code Orange, Knocked Loose, [[Varials]], [[Jesus Piece (band)|Jesus Piece]], [[Counterparts (band)|Counterparts]] and [[Kublai Khan (band)|Kublai Khan]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

Hardcore in the late 2010s saw a significant growth of the scene to involve bands taking influence from styles generally disassociated with it, such as [[industrial music|industrial]], [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[post-punk]] and [[nu metal]].<ref name="Billboard">{{cite magazine |last1=Enis |first1=Eli |title=Is Hardcore Punk's Current Boom at Odds With Its Outsider Ethos? |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8545789/hardcore-boom-popularity-2019 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=December 12, 2019}}</ref> Around this time, mainstream rappers began to associate themselves with the hardcore scene. [[Playboi Carti]] included a performance from a hardcore show as the front cover for his 2018 album ''[[Die Lit]]'', [[Denzel Curry]] collaborated with Bad Brains and Fucked Up in 2019<ref name="Billboard" /> and rap groups [[Suicideboys]] and [[City Morgue]] were joined on tour by hardcore bands Turnstile and Trash Talk.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Todd |first1=Nate |title=$uicideboy$ announces GREY DAY Tour 2019 |url=https://www.axs.com/uicideboy-announces-grey-day-tour-2019-137711 |access-date=December 12, 2019}}</ref> Rappers [[Wicca Phase Springs Eternal]] and [[Ghostemane]] even began playing music by performing in hardcore bands.<ref name="Billboard" /> In September 2019, rap group [[Injury Reserve]] released a collaborative track with [[Code Orange (band)|Code Orange]] and [[JPEGMafia]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sacher |first1=Andrew |title=Injury Reserve, JPEGMAFIA & Code Orange team up for "HPNGC" (listen) |date=September 5, 2019 |url=http://www.brooklynvegan.com/injury-reserve-jpegmafia-code-orange-team-up-for-hpngc-listen/ |access-date=December 12, 2019}}</ref>

In 2019, the highly influential 2000s Boston hardcore band [[Have Heart]] reunited for performances in four different locations after a ten-year breakup. One of these performances was outside the [[Worcester Palladium]] in [[Massachusetts]], which drew around 10,000 attendees, making it the largest standalone hardcore show in history.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bastias |first1=Steven |title=HAVE HEART'S REUNION WAS THE BIGGEST HARDCORE SHOW EVER |url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/have-hearts-reunion-show-was-the-biggest-hardcore-show-ever/ |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=July 8, 2019 |access-date=September 16, 2019}}</ref>

===2020s===
[[File:Code Orange - 2017155145330 2017-06-04 Rock am Ring - Sven - 5DS R - 0098 - 5DSR0389.jpg|thumb|Code Orange's ''[[Underneath (Code Orange album)|Underneath]]'' (2020) achieved significant chart success and universal critic acclaim.]]
The 2020 [[COVID-19 pandemic]] made the prospect of playing live music difficult.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article244297762.html| title = Music exec warns of no concerts, live music until 2022 {{!}} Miami Herald| website = [[Miami Herald]]}}</ref> This brought about a heavy digital shift in independent music, where many bands began performing livestream shows for fans until physical shows could occur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The creative way musicians can still go on 'tour' during the pandemic |url=https://www.today.com/tmrw/how-livestream-concerts-are-helping-musicians-impacted-covid-19-t201913 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=TODAY.com |date=November 30, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> With [[social distancing]] limiting the availability of physical interactions, the hardcore community relied on social media activity, podcasting, zines, and video content to stay connected virtually.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Redbeard|first=Words by Joshua|date=February 6, 2020|title=Meet Hate5Six, the internet's hardest working hardcore videographer|url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/short-fast-loud/hate5six-internet-hardest-working-hardcore-videographer-chat/11937578|access-date=March 24, 2021|website=triple j|language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>Kochhar, Nazuk. "hate5six Is the Internet's Hardcore Goldmine." The FADER, The FADER, September 19, 2018, {{cite web| url = https://www.thefader.com/2018/09/19/hate5six-interview-sunny-singh-hardcore-concert-live-videos| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180920120056/https://www.thefader.com/2018/09/19/hate5six-interview-sunny-singh-hardcore-concert-live-videos| url-status = dead| archive-date = September 20, 2018| title = The FADER}}</ref> During this period, a number of hardcore releases gained attention from the media and online that surpassed the genre's usual scope, namely Code Orange's ''[[Underneath (Code Orange album)|Underneath]]'' (2020), Higher Power's ''[[27 Miles Underwater]]'' (2021) and Turnstile's ''[[Glow On]]'' (2021).<ref>{{cite news |last1=McMahon |first1=James |title=Turnstile: can hardcore punk's biggest band conquer the mainstream? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/aug/24/turnstile-glow-on |website=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 24, 2021 |access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> ''Underneath'' topped the [[UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart|UK Rock & Metal Albums]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Rock & Metal Albums Charton |website=[[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]] |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/rock-and-metal-albums-chart/20200320/112/ |access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> reached number two on the US Top Tastemaker Albums chart,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Code Orange |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/code-orange/chart-history/tas/ |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> and received universal critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/underneath/code-orange|title=Reviews for Underneath by Code Orange|website=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> Higher Power were hailed by ''[[Metal Hammer]]'' as "the band redefining hardcore for a new generation",<ref>{{cite web |last1=Leivers |first1=Dannii |title=Higher Power: meet the band redefining hardcore for a new generation |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/higher-power-meet-the-band-redefining-hardcore-for-a-new-generation |website=[[Metal Hammer]] |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> and voted the most likely UK band to break into the mainstream in a ''[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]]'' fan poll.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAN POLL: 5 BANDS MOST LIKELY TO BREAKOUT IN 2020 |url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/fan-poll-5-bands-most-likely-breakout-2020 |website=[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]] |date=23 January 2020 |accessdate=29 January 2020}}</ref> However, ''Glow On'' triggered an international explosion in popularity of the genre, and allowed for the subsequent success of bands including [[Zulu (band)|Zulu]], [[High Vis]] and [[Speed (Australian band)|Speed]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Morton |first1=Luke |title=Code Orange: "Listen to what we do, look at what we do – we don't fit in anywhere" |url=https://www.kerrang.com/code-orange-interview-jami-morgan-what-is-really-underneath-remix-reimagined-album-hardcore-metal-cover-story |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=February 15, 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> ''Glow On'' also received universal critical acclaim,<ref name="MC">{{Cite web |title=Glow On by Turnstile Reviews and Tracks |url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/glow-on/turnstile |access-date=August 27, 2021 |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> peaked at number two on the UK Rock & Metal Albums,<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Rock & Metal Albums Charton |website=[[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]] |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/rock-and-metal-albums-chart/20210903/112/ |access-date=5 September 2023}}</ref> and number thirty on the mainline ''Billboard'' 200 chart.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Billboard 200 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200/2021-09-10/ |access-date=5 September 2023}}</ref> A podcast published the ''[[New York Times]]'' credited a number of viral videos of live performances by hardcore bands as contributing to the popularity, including [[Sunami (band)|Sunami]]'s live debut in San Jose on October 26, 2019, [[Hate5six]]'s July 03, 2021 video of Mindforce performing at Underground Arts in Philadelphia and Turnstile's performance in Oxnard on August 29, 2021.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Joe Caramanica, Tom Breihan, Chris Ryan |date=August 2022 |title=A Renaissance in American Hardcore Music |type=Podcast |language=English |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/11/arts/music/popcast-hardcore-punk.html |access-date=2023-09-04 |publisher=[[New York Times]]}}</ref>

The southern [[San Francisco Bay Area]] scene gained particular prevalence in the 2020s, based in [[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]] and [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]. The first of these bands was [[Gulch (band)|Gulch]], who formed in 2016, and were later followed by [[Scowl (band)|Scowl]], [[Drain (punk band)|Drain]] and Sunami.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Richards |first1=Will |title=How California became a hotbed for vital new hardcore bands |url=https://www.nme.com/features/music-features/new-hardcore-bands-california-drain-militarie-gun-zulu-scowl-radar-3423402 |website=[[NME]] |date=April 3, 2023 |access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> As lockdowns began to ease, many of the bands in this scene began to put on "guerilla shows", such as one that took place on June 19, 2021, in San Jose featuring Sunami, Gulch, Drain, Scowl, [[Xibalba (band)|Xibalba]] and Maya Over Eyes, which had an attendance of around 2,000.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Breiham |first1=Tom |title=Thousands Of People Came To See Gulch & Drain Play A Guerrilla Show This Weekend, And The Footage Is Nuts |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2151782/thousands-of-people-came-to-see-gulch-drain-play-a-guerrilla-show-this-weekend-and-the-footage-is-nuts/news/ |website=[[Stereogum]] |date=June 21, 2021 |access-date=August 26, 2023}}</ref> Gulch performed their final live performance at Sound and Fury Festival on July 31, 2022, at the peak of their popularity.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baines |first1=Huw |title=A Celebration Of Endings: The rise and death of Gulch |url=https://www.kerrang.com/the-rise-and-death-of-gulch |website=[[Kerrang!]] |date=January 25, 2022 |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref>

This period also saw a number of groups garner attention while experimenting with hardcore's sound. The ''[[Financial Times]]'' named London's [[Chubby and the Gang]] and Detroit's [[the Armed]] as two of the most commercially successful groups of this wave,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hann |first1=Michael |title=Hardcore punk — anger management issues |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ae439b60-054b-4ae3-94ad-fbc18a2f1f26 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/ae439b60-054b-4ae3-94ad-fbc18a2f1f26 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |website=[[Financial Times]]|date=May 21, 2021 }}</ref> while ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' magazine cited [[Militarie Gun]], High Vis and Scowl as bands "help[ing] to breathe life back into both" alternative rock and hardcore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tedder |first1=Michael |title=Welcome To The Militarie Gun Show |url=https://www.spin.com/2023/06/militarie-gun-ian-shelton-interview/ |website=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |date=June 22, 2023 |access-date=5 September 2023}}</ref>