Editing Hanoi (section)

=== During Nguyễn dynasty and the French colonial period ===
<gallery>
File:Bản vẽ thành Hà Nội.jpg|Map of Hà Nội citadel during the Nguyễn dynasty.
File:Capture of hanoi 1873.jpg|French troops attacking the city's wall on 20 November 1873.
File:Evacuation of French troops from Hanoi.jpg|French troops leaving Hanoi in February 1874
File:I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07- 386890201-700231668290362-6321874136485636046-n-1696671806.jpg|Ô Quan Chưởng or Đông Hà môn (東河門), built in 1749 and remained until now.
File:I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07- trie-n-la-m-a-nh-tha-nh-xu-a-pho-cu-1696679091.jpg|Old street of Hanoi in 1884 (Hàng Gai street)
File:I1-giaitri.vnecdn.net-2023-10-07- 384832613-1098962017740420-8654642600285663600-n-1696671808.jpg|Old street of Hanoi in 1884 (Hàng Bông street)
File:9343761968 c113c08f8d o-768x575.jpg|Hanoi street before French colonisation, Hàng Chiếu street in 1870s
File:Pho-Cau-Go-1-1727691706.jpg|Rue du Point en Bois (now Cầu Gỗ street)
File:Pho-Hang-Dao-1-1727770693.jpg|Hàng Đào street and tram railway in late 1890s
File:Cua-Bac-Hoang-thanh-1-1727770085.jpg|Northern gate of Hanoi citadel, the only one survived until now.
</gallery>

When the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] was established in 1802, [[Gia Long]] moved the capital to [[Huế]]. Thăng Long was no longer the capital, and its [[chữ Hán]] was changed from 昇龍 ({{Literal translation|ascending dragon}}) to the homophone 昇隆 ({{Literal translation|ascent and prosperity}}), in order to reduce any loyalist sentiment towards the old Lê dynasty<!--tìm cách làm giảm tình cảm nhớ về nhà Lê-->.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Đặng Việt Thủy |last2=Đặng Thành Trung |title=54 vị Hoàng đế Việt Nam |publisher=Nhà xuất bản Quân đội Nhân dân |place=Hà Nội |year=2008 | pages=286–287}}</ref> Emperors of Vietnam usually used [[Vietnamese dragon|dragon]] (龍 ''long'') as a symbol of their imperial strength and power. In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor [[Minh Mạng]] renamed it Hà Nội (河內). Hanoi was [[Battle of Hanoi (1873)|conquered and briefly occupied]] by the [[French Third Republic|French]] military in late 1873 and passed to them [[Battle of Hanoi (1882)|ten years later]]. As Hanoi, it was located in the [[Tonkin (French protectorate)|protectorate of Tonkin]] and became the capital of [[French Indochina]] in 1902. Nominally it still belonged to the sovereignty of Vietnam ([[Nguyễn dynasty]]) under French protectorate in Tonkin, but since 1888 it had been a French concession and had directly been ruled by the French like [[French Cochinchina|Cochinchina]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Đà Nẵng trở thành thành phố nhượng địa của thực dân Pháp |url=http://www.danangpt.vnn.vn/danang/detail.php?id=12&a=92 |work=Lịch sử thành phố Đà Nẵng |agency=Nhà xuất bản Đà Nẵng, 2001 |accessdate=29 April 2013 |archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725095350/http://www.danangpt.vnn.vn/danang/detail.php?id=12&a=92 |url-status=dead}}</ref>