Editing Hanging (section)

==Notable practices across the globe==
[[File:Hanging from The Miseries and Misfortunes of War by Jacques Callot.jpg|thumb|{{lang|fr|La Pendaison}} (''The Hanging''), a plate from French artist [[Jacques Callot]]'s 1633 series ''[[Les Grandes Misères de la guerre|The Great Miseries of War]]''.]]
Hanging has been a method of [[capital punishment]] in many countries, and is still used by many countries to this day. Long-drop hanging is mainly used by former British colonies, while short-drop and suspension hanging is common elsewhere, in countries including Iran and Afghanistan. <!--This section should only contain notable political hanging deaths and political policies on hanging, and not a specific overview for each country.-->

===Afghanistan===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Afghanistan}}
Hanging is the most used form of capital punishment in [[Afghanistan]].{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

===Australia===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Australia}}
Capital punishment was a part of the [[legal system of Australia]] from the establishment of [[New South Wales]] as a British penal colony, until 1985, by which time all Australian states and territories had abolished the death penalty.<ref name="relTolerance">[http://www.religioustolerance.org/executh.htm "Countries that have abandoned the use of the death penalty"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215204942/http://www.religioustolerance.org/executh.htm |date=15 December 2006 }}. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, 8 November 2005</ref> In practice, the last execution in Australia was the hanging of [[Ronald Ryan]] on 3 February 1967, in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]].<ref>[http://www.nswccl.org.au/issues/death_penalty/australia.php "Death penalty in Australia"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329145248/http://www.nswccl.org.au/issues/death_penalty/australia.php |date=29 March 2010 }}, New South Wales Council for Civil Liberties</ref>

During the 19th century, crimes that could carry a death sentence included [[burglary]], sheep theft, [[forgery]], [[sexual assault]]s, murder and [[manslaughter]]. During the 19th century, there were roughly eighty people hanged every year throughout the Australian colonies for these crimes.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

===Bahamas===
{{Main|Capital punishment in the Bahamas}}
The Bahamas employs hanging to execute the condemned, but no executions have been conducted in the country since 2000.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ournews.bs/david-mitchell-put-to-death-23-years-ago/ | title=David Mitchell Put to Death 23 Years Ago | date=7 January 2023 }}</ref> As of 2023, there have been some inmates on death row but their sentences have been commuted.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

===Bangladesh===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Bangladesh}}
Hanging is the only method of execution in [[Bangladesh]], ever since its independence.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

===Brazil===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Brazil}}
Death by hanging was the customary method of capital punishment in Brazil throughout its history. Some important national heroes like [[Tiradentes]] (1792) were killed by hanging. The last man executed in Brazil was the slave [[Francisco (slave)|Francisco]], in 1876.<ref>{{cite book |title=Decolonizing the Criminal Question |date=2023 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=204}}</ref> The death penalty was abolished for all crimes, except for those committed under extraordinary circumstances such as war or military law, in 1890.<ref name="encarta">[http://encarta.msn.com/media_461543496/Capital_Punishment_Worldwide.html "Capital Punishment Worldwide"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101054012/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461543496/Capital_Punishment_Worldwide.html |date=1 November 2009 }}. ''MSN Encarta''.</ref>

===Bulgaria===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Bulgaria}}
Bulgaria's national hero, [[Vasil Levski]], was executed by hanging by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] court in [[Sofia]] in 1873. Every year since Bulgaria's liberation, thousands come with flowers on the date of his death, 19 February, to his monument where the gallows stood. The last execution was in 1989, and the death penalty was abolished for all crimes in 1998.<ref name="encarta" />

===Canada===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Canada}}
Historically, hanging was the only method of execution used in Canada and was in use as possible punishment for all murders until 1961, when murders were reclassified into capital and non-capital offences. The death penalty was restricted to apply only for certain offences to the National Defence Act in 1976 and was completely abolished in 1998.<ref>Susan Munroe, [http://canadaonline.about.com/cs/crime/a/cappuntimeline.htm "History of Capital Punishment in Canada]". {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716235031/http://canadaonline.about.com/cs/crime/a/cappuntimeline.htm |date=16 July 2011 }}. ''About: Canada Online''.</ref> The last hangings in Canada took place on 11 December 1962.<ref name="encarta" />

===Egypt===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Egypt}}
In 1955, Egypt hanged three Israelis on charges of spying.<ref>{{cite book|first=Phyllis |last=Bennis|title=Before and After|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8VzP0eiLW0C&pg=PA35|year=2003|publisher=Olive Branch Press|isbn=978-1-56656-462-5|page=35}}</ref> In 1982 Egypt hanged three civilians convicted of the [[assassination of Anwar Sadat]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Lfo9AAAAIBAJ&pg=3096,3218494&dq= |title=Sadat Assassins are Executed |date=16 April 1982 |publisher=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Glasgow Herald]] |access-date=16 February 2011 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416083657/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Lfo9AAAAIBAJ&pg=3096,3218494&dq= |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2004, Egypt hanged five militants on charges of trying to kill the Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/keyword/egypt/2 |title=Articles about Egypt - Page 2 - New York Times |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2017-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516064142/http://www.nytimes.com/keyword/egypt/2 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>{{nonspecific|date=February 2025}} To this day, hanging remains the standard method of capital punishment in Egypt, which executes more people each year than any other African country.

===Germany===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Germany}}
[[File:WWII Krakow - 04.jpg|thumb|[[Public execution]] of Polish civilians by the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi Germans]] in German occupied [[Kraków]] in 1942]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-031-2436-03A, Russland, Hinrichtung von Partisanen.jpg|thumb|Alleged Soviet partisans hanged by the Nazis in January 1943]]

In the territories occupied by [[Nazi Germany]] from 1939 to 1945, strangulation hanging was a preferred means of public execution, although more criminal executions were performed by [[guillotine]] than hanging. The most commonly sentenced were [[Partisan (military)|partisans]] and [[black market]]eers, whose bodies were usually left hanging for long periods. There are also numerous reports of concentration camp inmates being hanged. Hanging was continued in post-war Germany in the [[Allied-occupied Germany|British and US Occupation Zones]] under their jurisdiction, and for Nazi war criminals, until well after (western) Germany itself had abolished the death penalty by the [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany|Basic Law]] (constitution) as adopted in 1949. West Berlin was not subject to the Basic Law and abolished the death penalty in 1951. The [[German Democratic Republic]] abolished the death penalty in 1987. The last execution ordered by a West German court was carried out by guillotine in Moabit prison in 1949. The last hanging in Germany was the one ordered of several war criminals in [[Landsberg am Lech]] on 7 June 1951. The last known execution in East Germany was in 1981 by a pistol shot to the neck.<ref name="relTolerance" />

===Hong Kong===
Even though Hong Kong is now part of China, it has no capital punishment; it is a special administrative region of China. When Hong Kong was still a part of the British Empire, it had hanging as the method of execution. The last person who was executed was a Chinese Vietnamese man who attacked a security guard and another person. This execution occurred in 1966.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.scmp.com/article/449278/demise-death-penalty | title=Demise of the death penalty |work=South China Morning Post | date=23 March 2004 }}</ref>

===Hungary===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Hungary}}
The prime minister of Hungary, during the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|1956 Revolution]], [[Imre Nagy]], was secretly tried, executed by hanging, and buried unceremoniously by the new [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-backed Hungarian government, in 1958. Nagy was later publicly exonerated by Hungary.<ref>Richard Solash (20 June 2006), [http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/06/3c9b40e0-f493-49d4-a33d-6d93c1580bb1.html "Hungary: U.S. President To Honor 1956 Uprising"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709055810/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/06/3c9b40e0-f493-49d4-a33d-6d93c1580bb1.html |date=9 July 2008 }}. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''.</ref> Capital punishment was abolished for all crimes in 1990.<ref name="relTolerance" />

===India===
{{Main|Capital punishment in India}}
[[File:The hanging of two participants in the Indian Rebellion of 1857..jpg|thumb|The hanging of two participants in British India ([[Indian Rebellion of 1857]])]]
Hanging was introduced by the British. All executions in India since independence have been carried out by hanging, although the law provides for military executions to be carried out by firing squad. In 1949, [[Nathuram Godse]], who had been sentenced to death for the assassination of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], was the first person to be executed by hanging in independent India.<ref name="TIE">{{cite web|title=Yakub Memon first to be hanged in Maharashtra after Ajmal Kasab|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/yakub-memon-first-to-be-hanged-in-maharashtra-after-ajmal-kasab/|website=The Indian Express|access-date=March 12, 2018|date=2015-07-30|archive-date=3 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203233129/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/yakub-memon-first-to-be-hanged-in-maharashtra-after-ajmal-kasab/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Supreme Court of India]] has suggested that [[capital punishment]] should be given only in the "rarest of rare cases".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epw.org.in/showArticles.php?root=2005&leaf=03&filename=8383&filetype=html |last1=Sakhrani |first1=Monica |last2=Adenwalla |first2=Maharukh |work=Economic & Political Weekly |title=Death Penalty – Case for Its Abolition |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050817155243/http://www.epw.org.in/showArticles.php?root=2005&leaf=03&filename=8383&filetype=html |archive-date=17 August 2005}}</ref>

Since 2001, eight people have been executed in India.
* [[Dhananjoy Chatterjee]], convicted for rape and murder in 1991, was executed on 14 August 2004 in [[Alipore Jail]], Kolkata.
* [[Ajmal Kasab]], the lone surviving terrorist of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]], was executed on 21 November 2012 in [[Yerwada Central Jail]], Pune. The Supreme Court of India had previously rejected his mercy plea, which was then rejected by the President of India. He was hanged one week later.
* [[Afzal Guru]], a terrorist found guilty of conspiracy in the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|December 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament]], was executed by hanging in [[Tihar Jail]], Delhi on 9 February 2013.
* [[Yakub Memon]] was convicted over his involvement in the [[1993 Bombay bombings]] by the Special Terrorist and Disruptive Activities court on 27 July 2007. His appeals and petitions for clemency were all rejected and he was finally executed by hanging on 30 July 2015 in Nagpur jail.
* In March 2020, [[2012 Delhi gang rape|four prisoners convicted of rape and murder]] were executed by hanging in Tihar Jail.<ref>{{cite news |last1=hanged to death |first1=Nirbhaya convicts |title=Four Nirbhaya case convicts hanged to death in Tihar jail |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nirbhaya-case-four-convicts-hanged-to-death-in-tihar-jail/article31114864.ece |website=The Hindu |date=20 March 2020 |publisher=The Hindu Newspaper |access-date=20 March 2020 |archive-date=20 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320010211/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nirbhaya-case-four-convicts-hanged-to-death-in-tihar-jail/article31114864.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Iran===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Iran}}
[[File:Public execution for a convicted of rape in Qarchak, Varamin - 26 October 2011 (13900804092511).jpg|thumb|A public execution for a man convicted of rape, [[Qarchak]], Iran, 26 October 2011]]
Death by hanging is the primary means of capital punishment in Iran, which carries out one of the highest numbers of annual executions in the world. The method used is the short drop, which does not break the neck of the condemned, but rather causes a slower death due to strangulation. It is legal for murder, rape, and drug trafficking unless the criminal pays [[diyya]] to the victim's family, thus attaining their forgiveness {{xref|(see [[Sharia]])}}. If the presiding judge deems the case to be "causing public outrage", he can order the hanging to take place in public at the spot where the crime was committed, typically from a mobile telescoping crane which hoists the condemned high into the air.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallace |first=Mark |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2011-jul-06-la-oe-wallace-cranes-iran-20110706-story.html |title=Iran's execution binge |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=6 July 2011 |access-date=31 August 2011 |archive-date=21 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121020129/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jul/06/opinion/la-oe-wallace-cranes-iran-20110706 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 19 July 2005, two boys, [[Mahmoud Asgari and Ayaz Marhoni]], aged 15 and 17 respectively, who had been convicted of the rape of a 13-year-old boy, were hanged at Edalat (Justice) Square in [[Mashhad]], on charges of [[homosexuality]] and [[rape]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://direland.typepad.com/direland/2005/07/iran_executes_2.html|first=Doug|last=Ireland|title=Iran executes 2 gay teenagers|website=Direland|access-date=27 April 2006|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014011/http://direland.typepad.com/direland/2005/07/iran_executes_2.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sps|date=February 2025}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gayrussia.ru/en/detail.php?ID=1596|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051118175201/http://www.gayrussia.ru/en/detail.php?ID=1596|archive-date=18 November 2005|title=Exclusive interview with gay activists in Iran on situation of gays, recent executions of gay teens and the future|work=GayRussia|date=25 July 2005|access-date=27 April 2006}}</ref> On 15 August 2004, a 16-year-old girl, [[Atefeh Sahaaleh]] (also called Atefeh Rajabi), was executed for having committed "acts incompatible with [[chastity]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE13/036/2004/en/Gj2vcmpR0sAJ |title=Iran: Amnesty International outraged at reported execution of a 16 year old girl |access-date=30 March 2008 |date=23 August 2004 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509104016/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE13/036/2004/en/Gj2vcmpR0sAJ |archive-date=9 May 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

At dawn on 27 July 2008, the Iranian government executed 29 people at [[Evin Prison]] in Tehran.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7527431.stm|title=Iran executes 29 in jail hangings|date=27 July 2008|website=BBC News|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=21 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521011617/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7527431.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 December 2008, an unnamed man was hanged for murder at Kazeroun Prison, just moments after he was pardoned by the murder victim's family. He was quickly cut down and rushed to a hospital, where he was successfully revived.<ref>[http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=ENGMDE131742008&lang=e "IRAN: Halted execution highlights inherent cruelty of death penalty"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116083030/http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=ENGMDE131742008&lang=e |date=16 January 2009 }}. [[Amnesty International USA]] (9 December 2008). Retrieved on 11 December 2008.</ref>

The conviction and hanging of [[Reyhaneh Jabbari]] caused international uproar as she was sentenced to death in 2009 and hanged on 25 October 2014 for murdering a former intelligence officer; according to Jabbari's testimony she stabbed him during an attempted rape and then another person killed him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/10/amnesty-iran-set-hang-woman-at-dawn-2014102422855125759.html|title=Iran hangs woman despite international uproar|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=25 October 2014|archive-date=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025105449/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/10/amnesty-iran-set-hang-woman-at-dawn-2014102422855125759.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Iraq===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Iraq}}
{{See also|Execution of Saddam Hussein}}
Hanging was used under the regime of [[Saddam Hussein]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/hanging2.html |last=Clark |first=Richard |title=The process of Judicial Hanging |website=Capital Punishment U.K. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020809210711/http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/hanging2.html|archive-date=9 August 2002|df=dmy-all|access-date=29 December 2005}}</ref>{{sps|certain=y|date=February 2025}} but was suspended along with capital punishment on 10 June 2003, when a coalition led by the United States [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invaded]] and overthrew the previous regime. The death penalty was reinstated on 8 August 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=ENGNAU200903209818&lang=e|title=Scores face execution in Iraq six years after invasion|date=20 March 2009|publisher=[[Amnesty International USA]]|access-date=21 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513021829/http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=ENGNAU200903209818&lang=e|archive-date=13 May 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In September 2005, three murderers were the first people to be executed since the restoration. Then on 9 March 2006, an official of Iraq's Supreme Judicial Council confirmed that Iraqi authorities had executed the first [[Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)|insurgents]] by hanging.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=266369&area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__international_news/ | title=More bombs bring death to Iraq | publisher=Mail & Guardian Online | date=10 March 2006 | access-date=27 April 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706193136/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=266369&area=%2Fbreaking_news%2Fbreaking_news__international_news%2F | archive-date=6 July 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death by hanging for [[crimes against humanity]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/11/05/dujail.saddam/index.html |title=Saddam Hussein sentenced to death by hanging |work=CNN |date=5 November 2006 |access-date=5 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113081326/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/11/05/dujail.saddam/index.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=13 November 2006}}</ref> on 5 November 2006, and was executed on 30 December 2006 at approximately 6:00&nbsp;a.m. local time. During the drop, there was an audible crack indicating that his neck was broken, a successful example of a long-drop hanging.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_272610730.shtml |title=Saddam Hussein Hanging Video Shows Defiance, Taunts and Glee |work=The National Ledger |date=1 January 2007 |access-date=20 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120132227/http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_272610730.shtml |archive-date=20 January 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[Barzan Ibrahim]], the head of the Mukhabarat, Saddam's security agency, and [[Awad Hamed al-Bandar]], former chief judge, were executed on 15 January 2007, also by the long-drop method, but Barzan was decapitated by the rope at the end of his fall.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

Former vice-president [[Taha Yassin Ramadan]] had been sentenced to life in prison on 5 November 2006, but the sentence was changed to death by hanging on 12 February 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6354205.stm|title=Top Saddam aide sentenced to hang|date=12 February 2007|website=BBC News|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125084847/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6354205.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the fourth and final man to be executed for the 1982 crimes against humanity on 20 March 2007. The execution went smoothly.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070320/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq |title=Former Saddam aide buried after hanging |work=Yahoo! News |access-date=2017-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322130508/https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070320/ap_on_re_mi_ea/iraq |archive-date=22 March 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

At the Anfal genocide trial, Saddam's cousin [[Ali Hassan al-Majid]] (nicknamed Chemical Ali by Iraqis), former defence minister [[Sultan Hashim Ahmed]] al-Tay, and former deputy Hussein Rashid Mohammed were sentenced to hang for their role in the [[Al-Anfal Campaign]] against the Kurds on 24 June 2007.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna19394865 "Iraq's 'Chemical Ali' sentenced to death"], ''MSNBC'', 24 June 2007. Retrieved on 24 June 2007.</ref> Al-Majid was sentenced to death three more times: once for the 1991 suppression of a Shi'a uprising along with Abdul-Ghani Abdul Ghafur on 2 December 2008;<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna28011270 "Second death sentence for Iraq's 'Chemical Ali{{'"}}], ''MSNBC'', 2 December 2008. Retrieved on 2 December 2008.</ref> once for the 1999 crackdown in the assassination of [[Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr|Grand Ayatollah Mohammad al-Sadr]] on 2 March 2009;<ref>[http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/M/ML_IRAQ?SITE=CAGRA&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT "Iraq's 'Chemical Ali' gets 3rd death sentence"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222184931/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/M/ML_IRAQ?SITE=CAGRA&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |date=22 December 2009 }}, ''Associated Press'', 2 March 2009. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</ref> and once on 17 January 2010 for the gassing of the Kurds in 1988;<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34904200 {{"'}}Chemical Ali' gets a new death sentence"]. ''MSNBC'', 17 January 2010. Retrieved on 17 January 2010.</ref> he was hanged on 25 January.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/7072155/Saddam-Husseins-henchman-Chemical-Ali-executed.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/7072155/Saddam-Husseins-henchman-Chemical-Ali-executed.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Saddam Hussein's Henchman Chemical Ali Executed |access-date=25 January 2010 | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London | date=25 January 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

On 26 October 2010, Saddam's top minister [[Tariq Aziz]] was sentenced to hang for persecuting the members of rival Shi'a political parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/10/26/2010-10-26_tk.html?r=news&asid=172f6dff|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906070226/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/10/26/2010-10-26_tk.html?r=news&asid=172f6dff|archive-date=6 September 2012|title=Tariq Aziz, Saddam Hussein's former aid, sentenced to hang in Iraq for crimes against humanity|access-date=26 October 2010|work=New York Daily News|date=26 October 2010|first=Philip|last=Caulfield}}</ref> His sentence was commuted to indefinite imprisonment after Iraqi president [[Jalal Talabani]] did not sign his execution order and he died in prison in 2015.

On 14 July 2011, US forces transferred condemned prisoners Sultan Hashim Ahmed al-Tay and two of Saddam's half-brothers, [[Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti]] and [[Watban Ibrahim al-Tikriti]], to Iraqi authorities for execution.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-usa-prison-idUSTRE76E2CR20110715 |title=U.S. turns Saddam's half-brothers over to Iraq |access-date=17 July 2011 |work=Reuters |date=15 July 2011 |first=Khalid |last=al-Ansary |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040754/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-usa-prison-idUSTRE76E2CR20110715 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Iraqi High Tribunal had sentenced Saddam's half-brothers to death on 11 March 2009 for their roles in the executions of 42 traders who were accused of manipulating [[food prices]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/saddam-s-deputy-pm-tariq-aziz-gets-15-year-prison-sentence-1.789502 | work=CBC News | title=Saddam's deputy PM Tariq Aziz gets 15-year prison sentence | date=11 March 2009 | access-date=26 January 2020 | archive-date=27 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082027/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/saddam-s-deputy-pm-tariq-aziz-gets-15-year-prison-sentence-1.789502 | url-status=live }}</ref> None of the three men were executed.

It is alleged that Iraq's government keeps the execution rate secret, and hundreds may be carried out every year. In 2007, Amnesty International stated that 900 people were at "imminent risk" of execution in Iraq.

===Israel===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Israel}}
Israel has provisions in its criminal law to use the death penalty for extraordinary crimes. It has been used only twice for Israelis, and only one of those executions was by hanging. On 31 May 1962, Nazi leader [[Adolf Eichmann]] was captured, taken to Israel and then executed by hanging.<ref name="encarta" />

===Japan===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Japan}}
All executions in Japan are carried out by hanging.

On 23 December 1948, [[Hideki Tojo]], [[Kenji Doihara]], [[Akira Mutō]], [[Iwane Matsui]], [[Seishirō Itagaki]], [[Kōki Hirota]], and [[Heitaro Kimura]] were hanged at [[Sugamo Prison]] by the [[Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers|U.S. occupation authorities]] in [[Ikebukuro]] in [[Occupation of Japan|Allied-occupied Japan]] for [[war crimes]], [[crimes against humanity]], and [[crimes against peace]] during the Asian-Pacific theatre of [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/japanese-war-criminals-hanged-in-tokyo|title=Japanese war criminals hanged in Tokyo – Dec 23, 1948|website=History|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009042245/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/japanese-war-criminals-hanged-in-tokyo|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable source|reason=listed as generally unreliable at [[MOS:RS/P]]|date=February 2025}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.executedtoday.com/2008/12/23/1948-hideki-tojo-and-six-other-japanese-war-criminals/|title=1948: Hideki Tojo and six other Japanese war criminals|date=23 December 2008|website=Executed Today|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007101230/http://www.executedtoday.com/2008/12/23/1948-hideki-tojo-and-six-other-japanese-war-criminals/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sps|certain=y|date=February 2025}}

On 27 February 2004, the mastermind of the [[Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway]], [[Shoko Asahara]], was found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging. On 25 December 2006, serial killer [[Hiroaki Hidaka]] and three others were hanged in Japan. Long-drop hanging is the method of carrying out judicial capital punishment on civilians in Japan, as in the cases of [[Norio Nagayama]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9406EED8163CF934A3575BC0A961958260|title=In Secrecy, Japan Hangs a Best-Selling Author, a Killer of 4|newspaper=The New York Times|date=7 August 1997|access-date=17 June 2008|archive-date=18 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218005941/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9406EED8163CF934A3575BC0A961958260|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mamoru Takuma]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3654144.stm|title=Japanese school killer executed|work=BBC News|date=14 September 2004|access-date=17 June 2008|archive-date=11 July 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711120322/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3654144.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Tsutomu Miyazaki]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/17/asia/AS-GEN-Japan-Execution.php|title=Reports: Japan executes man convicted of killing and mutilating young girls in 1980s|newspaper=International Herald Tribune|date=17 June 2008|access-date=17 June 2008|archive-date=4 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804054712/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/17/asia/AS-GEN-Japan-Execution.php|url-status=live}}</ref><!--"present" is ambiguous--at present there are 94 people reported to be on death row in Japan.--> In 2018 [[Shoko Asahara]] and several of his cult members were hanged for committing the 1995 sarin gas attack.

===Jordan===
Hanging is the traditional method of capital punishment in [[Jordan]]. On 14 August 1993, Jordan hanged two Jordanians convicted of spying for Israel.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/jordan-hangs-israeli-spies-1461414.html | location=London | work=The Independent | date=16 August 1993 | title=Jordan 'hangs Israeli spies' | access-date=29 August 2017 | archive-date=11 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811204322/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/jordan-hangs-israeli-spies-1461414.html | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sajida al-Rishawi]], the "4th bomber" of the [[2005 Amman bombings]], was executed by hanging alongside [[Ziad al-Karbouly]] on 4 February 2015, while she was in the process of appealing her sentence for terrorism offences, in retribution for the [[Death by burning|immolation]] of Jordanian pilot [[Muath Al-Kasasbeh]].

=== Kuwait ===
Kuwait has always used hanging for execution. During the [[Gulf War]], Iraqi government officials executed different people for different reasons. After the war, Kuwait hanged Iraqi collaborators.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-03-19-1991078145-story.html | title=Suspected Iraqi collaborators being executed in Kuwait Human rights official says up to 3,000 people are unaccounted for |work=Baltimore Sun| date=19 March 1991 }}</ref>{{fcn|reason=Could not complete citation due to region lock|date=February 2025}} Sometimes the executions are in public. The most recent executions were in 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/16/kuwait-executes-seven-people-despite-international-outcry | title=Kuwait hangs seven people in first executions since 2017 |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 November 2022}}</ref>

===Lebanon===

{{Main|Capital punishment in Lebanon}}
Lebanon hanged two men in 1998 for murdering a man and his sister.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ujFPAAAAIBAJ&pg=4267,1914349&dq=lebanon-hanged&hl=en |title=Lebanon executes 2 for 1995 murders |location=Toledo, Ohio |newspaper=The Blade |date=20 May 1998 |page=2 |via=Google News |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-date=19 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519205717/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ujFPAAAAIBAJ&pg=4267%2C1914349&dq=lebanon-hanged&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> However, capital punishment ended up being altogether suspended in Lebanon, as a result of staunch opposition by activists and some political factions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/lebanon_upr_death_penalty_stakeholder_report_updated_2015.pdf|title=LEBANON: Stakeholder Submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review|website=The Advocates for Human Rights|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116152102/https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/lebanon_upr_death_penalty_stakeholder_report_updated_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Liberia===
[[File:ASC Leiden - F. van der Kraaij Collection - The Hanging of the Harper Seven, Liberia - 16 February 1979 - 03.jpg|thumb|The Hanging of the [[Harper Seven]], Liberia – 16 February 1979]]
On 16 February 1979, seven men convicted of the [[Maryland ritual killings|ritual killing]] of Kru traditional singer Moses Tweh were publicly hanged at dawn in [[Harper, Liberia|Harper]].<ref>[http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org/MarylandRitualMurders08.htm "The Maryland Ritual Murders. The Final Verdict: Death By Hanging"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125084938/http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org/MarylandRitualMurders08.htm |date=25 January 2022 }}. ''Liberia: Past and Present''. Retrieved 11 December 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.theperspective.org/2005/jan/ritualistickillings.html "Ritualistic Killings Spark Mob Action in Maryland"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130234800/http://www.theperspective.org/2005/jan/ritualistickillings.html |date=30 November 2019 }}. ''The Perspective''. January 2005. Retrieved 11 December 2017.</ref>

===Malaysia===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Malaysia}}
Hanging is the traditional method of capital punishment in Malaysia and has been used to execute people convicted of murder, drug trafficking and waging war against the government. The [[Barlow and Chambers execution]] was carried out as a result of new tighter drug regulations.

===Pakistan===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Pakistan}}
In Pakistan, hanging is the most common form of execution.

===Portugal===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Portugal}}
The last person executed by hanging in Portugal was Francisco Matos Lobos on 16 April 1842. Before that, it had been a common death penalty.

===Russia===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Russia}}
Hanging was commonly practised in the [[Russian Empire]] during the rule of the [[Romanov dynasty]] as an alternative to [[impalement]], which was used in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Hanging was abolished in 1868 by [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]] after [[serfdom]],{{clarify|date=February 2020}} but was restored by the time of his death and his assassins were hanged. While those sentenced to death for murder were usually pardoned and sentences commuted to life imprisonment, those guilty of high treason were usually executed. This also included the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] and [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] under the Russian crown. [[Taavetti Lukkarinen]] became the last Finn to be executed this way. He was hanged for espionage and high treason in 1916.

The hanging was usually performed by short drop in public. The gallows were usually either a stout nearby tree branch, as in the case of Lukkarinen, or a makeshift gallows constructed for the purpose.

After the [[October Revolution]] in 1917, capital punishment was, on paper, abolished, but continued to be used unabated against people perceived to be enemies of the regime. Under the Bolsheviks, most executions were performed by shooting, either by firing squad or by a single firearm. In 1943, hanging was restored primarily for German servicemen and native collaborators for atrocities committed against Soviet POWs and civilians. The last to be hanged were [[Andrey Vlasov]] and his companions in 1946.

===Singapore===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Singapore}}
In [[Singapore]], long-drop hanging<ref name=":0" /> is currently used as a mandatory punishment for crimes such as [[drug trafficking]], [[murder]] and some types of [[kidnapping]]. It was introduced by the British, when they occupied Singapore and neighbouring Malaysia. It has also been used for punishing those convicted of unauthorised discharging of firearms.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 November 2005 |title=Singapore clings to death penalty |publisher=Sunday Times |location=South Africa |url=http://www.suntimes.co.za/zones/sundaytimesNEW/basket7st/basket7st1132576915.aspx |access-date=2 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927052132/http://www.suntimes.co.za/zones/sundaytimesNEW/basket7st/basket7st1132576915.aspx |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref>

===Sri Lanka===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Sri Lanka}}
Hanging was abolished in [[Sri Lanka]] in 1956, but in 1959 it was brought back and later halted in 1978. In 1975, the day before the execution of [[Maru Sira]], he had been overdosed by the prison guards to prevent him from escaping. On the day of his execution he was unconscious, so when he was brought to the gallows, he was slumped over on the trapdoor with a noose around his neck, and when the executioner pulled the lever, his execution was botched and he strangled.

===Syria===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Syria}}
[[File:Eli Cohen.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Eli Cohen]], publicly hanged by Syria on 18 May 1965]]

Syria has publicly hanged people, such as two individuals in 1952, Israeli spy [[Eli Cohen]] in 1965, and a number of Jews accused of spying for Israel in 1969.<ref>{{cite book|first=Baylis|last=Thomas|title=How Israel was Won: A Concise History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict|url=https://archive.org/details/howisraelwaswonc00bayl|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-0064-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/howisraelwaswonc00bayl/page/154 154]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Mitchell G. |last=Bard |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Middle East Conflict |edition=4th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVeKwfsHevgC&pg=PT193|date=September 2, 2008|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley|DK]] |isbn=978-1-101-21720-7|page=193|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803011218/https://books.google.com/books?id=sVeKwfsHevgC&pg=PT193|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Michael L. |last=Brown|title=Our Hands Are Stained with Blood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2PseStkG3sC&pg=PA190|year=1992|publisher=Destiny Image |isbn=978-1-56043-068-1|page=190}}</ref>

According to a 19th-century report, members of the [[Alawite]] sect centred on [[Lattakia]] in Syria had a particular aversion towards being hanged, and the family of the condemned was willing to pay "considerable sums" to ensure its relations were [[Impalement|impaled]], instead of being hanged. As far as [[Johann Ludwig Burckhardt|Burckhardt]] could make out, this attitude was based upon the Alawites' idea that the soul ought to leave the body through the mouth, rather than leave it in any other fashion.<ref>Burckhardt, J. L. (1922). [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22956 <!-- quote=empaled. --> ''Travels in Syria and the Holy Land'']. London: John Murray. p. 156.</ref>

The [[Islamic State]] also used hanging post-mortem, after they [[Killing of captives by the Islamic State|executed alleged spies for the western-backed coalition]] in [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate|Deir ez-Zor]] by [[Exsanguination|cutting their throats]] in a [[slaughterhouse]], during the Islamic holiday of [[Eid al-Adha]] in 2016. They also used shooting, beheading, fire and other methods to execute people during their rule.{{cn|reason=Do not cite the [[WP:RS/P|generally unreliable]] New York Post|date=February 2025}}

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|Capital punishment in the United Kingdom}}
As a form of [[judiciary|judicial]] execution in England, hanging is thought to date from the [[History of Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon period]].<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Hanging |volume=12 |pages=917–918 |first=William Feilden |last=Craies}}</ref> Records of the names of British [[Executioner|hangmen]] begin with Thomas de Warblynton in the 1360s;{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} complete records extend from the 16th century to the last hangmen, [[Robert Leslie Stewart]] and [[Harry Allen (executioner)|Harry Allen]], who conducted the last British executions in 1964.

Until 1868 hangings were performed in public. In London, the traditional site was at [[Tyburn]], a settlement west of the [[City of London|City]] on the main road to [[Oxford]], which was used on eight hanging days a year, though before 1865, executions had been transferred to the street outside [[Newgate Prison]], [[Old Bailey]], now the site of the [[Old Bailey|Central Criminal Court]].

Three British subjects were hanged after [[World War II]] after having been convicted of having helped [[Nazi Germany]] in its war against Britain. [[John Amery]], the son of prominent British politician [[Leo Amery]], became an [[expatriate]] in the 1930s, moving to France. He became involved in pre-war [[fascist]] politics, remained in what became [[Vichy France]] following France's defeat by Germany in 1940 and eventually went to Germany and later the German puppet state in Italy headed by [[Benito Mussolini]]. Captured by Italian [[Italian resistance movement|partisans]] at the end of the war and handed over to British authorities, Amery was accused of having made [[propaganda]] broadcasts for the Nazis and of having attempted to recruit British [[prisoners of war]] for a [[Waffen SS]] regiment later known as the [[British Free Corps]]. Amery pleaded guilty to treason charges on 28 November 1945<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IZY6AAAAIBAJ&pg=3058,10264400&dq=british%20free%20corps&hl=en |title=Renegade Amery to Die – Trial Lasted 8 Minutes |date=28 November 1945 |newspaper=Toronto Daily Star |agency=[[British United Press]] |via=Google News |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125084852/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IZY6AAAAIBAJ&pg=3058%2C10264400&dq=british+free+corps&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> and was hanged at [[Wandsworth Prison]] on 19 December 1945. [[William Joyce]], an American-born Irishman who had lived in Britain and possessed a British [[passport]], had been involved in pre-war fascist politics in the UK, fled to Nazi Germany just before the war began to avoid arrest by British authorities and became a naturalised German citizen. He made propaganda broadcasts for the Nazis, becoming infamous under the nickname [[Lord Haw-Haw]]. Captured by British forces in May 1945, he was tried for treason later that year. Although Joyce's defence argued that he was by birth American and thus not subject to being tried for treason, the prosecution successfully argued that Joyce's pre-war British passport meant that he was a subject of the British Crown and he was convicted. After his appeals failed, he was hanged at Wandsworth Prison on 3 January 1946.<ref>{{cite thesis|url=http://www.safran-arts.com/42day/history/h4jan/03hawhaw.html#haw4|title=Germany calling! Germany calling! The Influence of Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) in Britain, 1939–1941 |first=Helen|last=Newman |degree=BA |publisher=Monash University |year=1998 |via=Bernard Safran Paintings |access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009092422/http://www.safran-arts.com/42day/history/h4jan/03hawhaw.html#haw4}}</ref> [[Theodore Schurch]], a British soldier captured by the Nazis who then began working for the Italian and German intelligence services by acting as a spy and informer who would be placed among other British prisoners, was arrested in Rome in March 1945 and tried under the [[Treachery Act 1940]]. After his conviction, he was hanged at [[HM Prison Pentonville]] on 4 January 1946.

The [[Homicide Act 1957]] created the new offence of [[capital murder]], punishable by death, with all other murders being punishable by life imprisonment.

In 1965, Parliament passed the [[Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act]], temporarily abolishing capital punishment for murder for five years. The Act was renewed in 1969, making the abolition permanent. With the passage of the [[Crime and Disorder Act 1998]] and the [[Human Rights Act 1998]], the death penalty was officially abolished for all crimes in both civilian and military cases. Following its complete abolition, the gallows were removed from [[Wandsworth (HM Prison)|Wandsworth Prison]], where they remained in full working order until that year.

The last woman to be hanged was [[Ruth Ellis]] on 13 July 1955, by [[Albert Pierrepoint]] who was a prominent hangman in the 20th century in England. The last hangings in Britain took place in 1964, when [[Peter Anthony Allen]] was executed at [[Liverpool (HM Prison)|Walton Prison]] in [[Liverpool]]. [[Gwynne Owen Evans]] was executed by [[Harry Allen (executioner)|Harry Allen]] at [[Strangeways Prison]] in [[Manchester]]. Both were executed for the [[murder of John Alan West]].<ref>{{citation |last=Fielding |first=Steve |title=The Executioner's Bible |publisher=John Blake |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84454-648-0}}</ref>

Hanging was also the method used in many colonies and overseas territories.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/common.html|title=The death penalty in the British Commonwealth|website=Capital Punishment UK|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=31 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231042530/http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/common.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Silken rope====
In the UK, some felons are traditionally said to have been executed by hanging with a silken rope:
* [[Hereditary peer]]s who committed [[capital offence]]s,<ref>{{cite Hansard |title=Abolition of death penalty for treason and piracy, etc |url=http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo980212/text/80212-26.htm |jurisdiction=United Kingdom |house=House of Lords |date=12 February 1998 |column=1350 |speaker=[[Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn|Lord Williams of Mostyn]] |position=[[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Home Affairs]] |quote=The noble Lord, [[Oliver Eden, 8th Baron Henley|Lord Henley]], asked me about the privilege of being hanged with a silken rope. That was discriminatory, because it applied to hereditary Peers only. }}</ref> as anticipated by the fictional [[Duke of Denver]], brother of [[Lord Peter Wimsey]]. The Duke was accused of murder in the novel ''[[Clouds of Witness]]'', and this execution would have been his fate, after conviction by his peers in a trial in the [[House of Lords]]. It has been claimed that the execution of [[Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers|Earl Ferrers]] in 1760 – the only time a peer was hanged after trial by the [[House of Lords]] – was carried out with the normal hempen rope instead of a silk one. The writ of execution does not specify a silk rope be used,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.languageandlaw.org/TEXTS/WRITS/EXECUTE.HTM |title=Writ of Execution |last=Tiersma |first=Peter |website=Language and Law |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-date=23 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823175959/http://www.languageandlaw.org/TEXTS/WRITS/EXECUTE.HTM |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The Newgate Calendar]]'' makes no mention of the use of such an item<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exclassics.com/newgate/ng284.htm |website=The Newgate Calendar |title=Laurence, Earl Ferrers |via=The Ex-Classics Web Site |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-date=18 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118233700/http://www.exclassics.com/newgate/ng284.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> – an unusual omission given its highly sensationalist nature.
* Those who have the [[Freedom of the City of London]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History | date=30 April 2004 |url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/scripts/htm_hl.pl?DB=col&STEMMER=en&WORDS=histori%20history&ALL=&ANY=&EXACTB=0&PHRASE=&EXACTP=0&CATEGORIES=&SIMPLE=history&COLOUR=Red&STYLE=s&URL=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Leisure_and_culture/Local_history_and_heritage/Freedom_of_City/priveleges.htm#muscat_highlighter_first_match |publisher=City of London |access-date=12 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612204545/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/scripts/htm_hl.pl?DB=col&STEMMER=en&WORDS=histori%20history&ALL=&ANY=&EXACTB=0&PHRASE=&EXACTP=0&CATEGORIES=&SIMPLE=history&COLOUR=Red&STYLE=s&URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityoflondon.gov.uk%2FCorporation%2FLGNL_Services%2FLeisure_and_culture%2FLocal_history_and_heritage%2FFreedom_of_City%2Fpriveleges.htm#muscat_highlighter_first_match |archive-date=12 June 2011}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">File:Witches Being Hanged.jpg|An image of suspected [[witch]]es being hanged in England, published in 1655
File:Balvenie Pillar 2017-05-27.jpg|Balvenie Pillar, also known as {{lang|gd|Tom na Croiche}} (Hangman's Knoll, {{literal translation|Tom of the Cross}}). The pillar was erected in 1755 to commemorate the last public hanging in the [[Atholl]] region of Scotland in 1630.
Image:ExecutionNoose.JPG|Hanging noose used at public executions outside [[Lancaster Castle]], {{circa|1820s–1830s}}.
</gallery>

===United States===
{{Main|Capital punishment in the United States}}
[[File:Execution Lincoln assassins.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|The execution of Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt, who were all convicted by a [[military tribunal]] for being involved in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, 7 July 1865]]

Hanging was one means by which [[Puritans]] of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] enforced religious and intellectual conformity on the whole community.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Merrill |first1=Louis Taylor |title=The Puritan Policeman |journal=American Sociological Review |publisher=American Sociological Association |date=1945 |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=766–776 |doi=10.2307/2085847 |jstor=2085847 }}</ref> The best known hanging carried out by the Puritans, [[Mary Dyer]], was one of the four executed [[Quakers]] known as the [[Boston martyrs]].<ref>Rogers, Horatio (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=L5_5yIgpa-YC&q=Among+the+most+pathetic+chapters+ ''Mary Dyer of Rhode Island: The Quaker Martyr That Was Hanged on Boston'']. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115151223/https://books.google.com/books?id=L5_5yIgpa-YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=mary+dyer+1660&hl=en&ei=8p99TMePDpGO4QayguXHBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA |date=15 January 2016 }}. pp. 1–2. BiblioBazaar.</ref>

Capital punishment in the U.S. varies from state to state; it is outlawed in some states but used in most others. However, the death penalty under federal law is applicable in every state. Hanging is no longer used as a method of execution; the last state to allow hanging as a method of execution, New Hampshire, abolished the death penalty in 2019.

When [[African American|Black]] pastor [[Denmark Vesey]] of the [[Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church]] was suspected of plotting to launch a [[slave rebellion]] in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, 35 people, including Vesey, were judged guilty by a city-appointed court and were subsequently hanged, and the church was burned down.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20150617/PC16/150619408|title=Nine dead after 'hate crime' shooting at Emanuel AME |first1=Glenn |last1=Smith |first2=Melissa |last2=Boughton |first3=Robert |last3=Behre<!--Source incorrectly fails to distinguish between the last two – other articles by them are clearer that they are different people--> |newspaper=[[The Post and Courier]]|date=June 17, 2015|access-date=May 17, 2022|archive-date=28 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728072115/http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20150617/PC16/150619408}}</ref>

The [[Dakota War of 1862]], also known as the Dakota uprising, led to the largest mass execution in the United States when 38 Sioux Indians, who were facing starvation and displacement, attacked white settlers, for which they were sentenced to death via hanging in [[Mankato, Minnesota]] in December 1862.<ref name="Dakota"/> Originally, 303 had been sentenced to hang, but the convictions were reviewed by President [[Abraham Lincoln]] and the sentences of all but 38 were commuted.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Kenneth |last=Carley |title=The Dakota War of 1862 |date=2001 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |isbn=0-87351-392-4 |oclc=46685050}}</ref> In 2019, Governor [[Tim Walz]] issued an historic apology to the Dakota people for the mass hanging and the "trauma inflicted on [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] people at the hands of state government".<ref name="Dakota">{{cite press release|url=https://ictnews.org/the-press-pool/governor-walz-makes-historic-apology-for-1862-mass-hanging-in-mankato|title=Governor Walz makes historic apology for 1862 mass hanging in Mankato|work=Indian Country Today|agency=Office of Governor Tim Walz and Lt. Governor Peggy Flanagan|date=January 7, 2020|access-date=December 1, 2023 }}</ref>

A total of 40 suspected [[Unionists (American)|Unionists]] were hanged in [[Gainesville, Texas]], in October 1862.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jig01|last=McCaslin |first=Richard B.|date=2010-06-15|title=Great Hanging at Gainesville|website=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association|access-date=30 May 2014|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808172409/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jig01|url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 July 1865, four people involved in the [[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|assassination of President Abraham Lincoln]]—[[Mary Surratt]], [[Lewis Powell (assassin)|Lewis Powell]], [[David Herold]], and [[George Atzerodt]]—were hanged at [[Fort McNair]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]

[[Image:duluth-lynching-postcard.jpg|thumb|left|Men pose for a photograph of the [[1920 Duluth lynchings|1920 Duluth, Minnesota lynchings]]. Two of the black victims are still hanging while the third is on the ground.]]
While relatively uncommon, [[gibbeting|hanging in chains]] has also been practiced (mainly during the colonial era), the first being a slave after the [[New York Slave Revolt of 1712]]. The last hanging in chains was in 1913, of John Marshall in [[West Virginia]] for murder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States |url=https://deathpenaltyusa.org/usa1/other.htm |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=deathpenaltyusa.org}}</ref> The last public hanging in the United States (not including [[Lynching in the United States|lynching]], one of the last of which was [[Lynching of Michael Donald|Michael Donald in 1981]]) took place on 14 August 1936, in [[Owensboro, Kentucky]]. [[Rainey Bethea]] was executed for the rape and murder of 70-year-old Lischa Edwards. The execution was presided over by the first female [[sheriff]] in Kentucky, [[Florence Shoemaker Thompson]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2001/apr/010430.execution.html |title=The Last Public Execution in America |work=NPR |access-date=20 June 2012 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808204951/https://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2001/apr/010430.execution.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--Kentucky-Holds-Final-Public-Execution-in-the-U-S-.html |title=On This Day: Kentucky Holds Final Public Execution in the US |date=14 August 2011 |work=findingDulcinea |access-date=20 June 2012 |archive-date=11 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311201258/http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--Kentucky-Holds-Final-Public-Execution-in-the-U-S-.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In California, [[Clinton Duffy]], who served as warden of [[San Quentin State Prison]] between 1940 and 1952, presided over ninety executions.<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Blake |title=Famed warden Duffy of San Quentin dead at 84 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=14 October 1982}}</ref> He began to oppose the death penalty, and after his retirement, wrote a memoir entitled ''Eighty-Eight Men and Two Women'' in support of the movement to abolish the death penalty. The book documents several hangings gone wrong and describes how they led his predecessor, Warden [[James B. Holohan]], to persuade the California Legislature to replace hanging with the [[gas chamber]] in 1937.<ref>{{cite book |last=Duffy |first=Clinton |year=1962 |title=Eighty-Eight Men and Two Women |publisher=Doubleday |location=Garden City, New York |oclc=1317754}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Fimrite |first=Peter |date=20 November 2005 |title=Inside death row. At San Quentin, 647 condemned killers wait to die in the most populous execution antechamber in the United States |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/11/20/INGFUFHCFL56.DTL |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=12 January 2009 |archive-date=2 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702063038/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2005%2F11%2F20%2FINGFUFHCFL56.DTL |url-status=live }}</ref>

Various methods of capital punishment have been replaced by [[lethal injection]] in most states and the federal government. Many states that offered hanging as an option have since eliminated the method. Condemned murderer [[Victor Feguer]] became the last inmate to be executed by hanging in the state of [[Iowa]] on 15 March 1963. Hanging was the preferred method of execution for capital murder cases in Iowa until 1965, when the death penalty was abolished and replaced with [[life imprisonment]] without [[parole]]. [[Barton Kay Kirkham]] was the last person to be hanged in Utah, preferring it over [[execution by firing squad]]. Laws in [[Delaware]] were changed in 1986 to specify lethal injection, except for those convicted before 1986 (who were still allowed to choose hanging). If a choice was not made, or the convict refused to choose injection, then hanging would become the default method. This was the case in the 1996 execution of [[Billy Bailey]], the most recent hanging in American history; since then, no Delaware prisoner fit the category, and the state's gallows were later dismantled.

====Upright jerker====
{{Main|Upright jerker}}
The upright jerker is a method of hanging that originated in the United States in the late 19th century. The person to be hanged is jerked into the air by weights and pulleys. It proved to be ineffective at breaking the neck of the condemned, and death by asphyxiation often occurred. In the United States, use of the method ceased in the late 1930s. However, [[Iran]] continues to intermittently employ a variant of this method, using a [[Crane (machine)|crane]] rather than a specially-designed mechanism of pulleys. The method has received heavy criticism from human rights organizations and the European Union.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-12 |title=Iran execution: Man publicly hanged from crane amid protests |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-crime-government-and-politics-da53071412f8c3da9cd51945b7870780 |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>