Editing Halley's Comet (section)

===1456===

In 1456, the year of Halley's next apparition, the [[Ottoman Empire]] invaded the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], culminating in the [[Siege of Belgrade (1456)|siege of Belgrade]] in July of that year. In a [[papal bull]], [[Pope Callixtus III]] ordered special prayers be said for the city's protection. In 1470, the [[Renaissance humanism|humanist]] scholar [[Bartolomeo Platina]] wrote in his ''{{interlanguage link|Lives of the Popes (Platina)|lt=Lives of the Popes|la|Vitae Pontificum (Platina)}}'' that,<ref name="Emerson"/>

<blockquote>A hairy and fiery star having then made its appearance for several days, the mathematicians declared that there would follow grievous pestilence, dearth and some great calamity. Calixtus, to avert the wrath of God, ordered supplications that if evils were impending for the human race He would turn all upon the Turks, the enemies of the Christian name. He likewise ordered, to move God by continual entreaty, that notice should be given by the bells to call the faithful at midday to aid by their prayers those engaged in battle with the Turk.</blockquote>

Platina's account is not mentioned in official records. In the 18th century, a Frenchman further embellished the story, in anger at the Church, by claiming that the Pope had "excommunicated" the comet, though this story was most likely his own invention.<ref name="Botley1971"/>

Halley's apparition of 1456 was also witnessed in [[Kashmir]] and depicted in great detail by Śrīvara, a Sanskrit poet and biographer to the Sultans of Kashmir. He read the apparition as a cometary portent of doom foreshadowing the imminent fall of [[Zayn al-Abidin (sultan of Kashmir)|Sultan Zayn al-Abidin]] (AD 1418/1420–1470).<ref>[[Walter Slaje|Slaje, Walter]]; inter alia, realia: "An Apparition of Halley's Comet in Kashmir observed by Śrīvara in AD 1456" in Steiner, Roland (ed.); ''Highland Philology: Results of a Text-Related Kashmir Panel at the 31st DOT, Marburg 2010'', Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis, 4, Halle 2012: 33–48</ref>

After witnessing a bright light in the sky which most historians have identified as Halley's Comet, [[Zara Yaqob]], Emperor of [[Ethiopia]] from 1434 to 1468, founded the city of [[Debre Berhan]] (tr. City of Light) and made it his capital for the remainder of his reign.<ref>The founding of Debre Berhan is described in the ''Ethiopian Royal Chronicles'' (Pankhurst, Richard; Oxford University Press, Addis Ababa, 1967, pp. 36–38).</ref>