Editing Hall–Héroult process (section)

===Independent discovery===
The Hall–Héroult process was invented independently and almost simultaneously in 1886 by the [[United States|American]] chemist [[Charles Martin Hall]]<ref name="Hall-patent">{{US patent reference|number = 400664|y = 1889|m=04|d=02|inventor=[[Charles Martin Hall]] |title=Process of Reducing Aluminium from its Fluoride Salts by Electrolysis}}</ref> and by the [[France|Frenchman]] [[Paul Héroult]]<ref>Héroult, Paul; French patent no. 175,711 (filed:  23 April 1886; issued:  1 September 1886).</ref>—both 22 years old. Some authors claim Hall was assisted by his sister [[Julia Brainerd Hall]];<ref name = "Kass">{{cite book|editor1-last=Kass-Simon |editor1-first= Gabrielle|editor2-last=Farnes|editor2-first=Patricia|editor3-last=Nash|editor3-first=Deborah |title=Women of Science: Righting the Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez7DCJM57esC&q=%22Julia+Brainerd+Hall%22&pg=PA173|year=1990|publisher= Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-20813-0|pages=173–176}}</ref> however, the extent to which she was involved has been disputed.<ref name= "Sheller">{{cite book|last1=Sheller|first1=Mimi|title=Aluminum dreams : the making of light modernity|date=2014|publisher=MIT Press |location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=978-0262026826|page=270|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOjaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA270|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Giddens">{{cite journal|last1=Giddens |first1=Paul H.|title=Alcoa, An. American Enterprise. By Charles C. Carr. (Book review)|journal=Pennsylvania History|date=1953|volume=20|issue=2|pages=209–210 |url=https://journals.psu.edu/phj/article/view/22279/22048}}</ref> In 1888, Hall opened the first large-scale aluminium production plant in [[Pittsburgh]]. It later became the [[Alcoa]] corporation.

In 1997, the Hall–Héroult process was designated a [[National Historic Chemical Landmarks|National Historic Chemical Landmark]] by the [[American Chemical Society]] in recognition of the importance of the process in the commercialization of aluminum.<ref>{{cite web | title = Production of Aluminum: The Hall–Héroult Process | work = National Historic Chemical Landmarks | publisher = American Chemical Society | url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/aluminumprocess.html | access-date = 2014-02-21 }}</ref>