Editing Grid plan (section)

===Early 19th century – Australasia===
In 1836 [[William Light]] drew up his plans for [[Adelaide]], South Australia, spanning the [[River Torrens]]. Two areas south ([[Adelaide city centre|the city centre]]) and north ([[North Adelaide]]) of the river were laid out in grid pattern, with the city surrounded by the [[Adelaide Park Lands]].<ref name=plan>{{cite web |title=Light's Plan of Adelaide 1837 |date=31 December 2013 |author=Margaret Anderson |url=http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/panoramas/lights-plan-of-adelaide-1837 |access-date=5 May 2018 |website=Adelaidia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818180157/http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/panoramas/lights-plan-of-adelaide-1837 |archive-date=18 August 2017 |url-status=live |quote=[Includes] a watercolour and ink plan, drawn by 16-year-old draughtsman Robert George Thomas to instructions from Light... The streets were named by a Street Naming Committee that met on 23 May 1837, indicating that this plan must have been completed after that date}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Keeping a Trust: South Australia's Wyatt Benevolent Institution and Its Founder|first=Carol|last=Fort|date=2008|place=Adelaide|publisher=Wakefield Press|isbn=9781862547827|page=37|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVH5tLjaOe8C&pg=PA37|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=dutton>{{cite book|title=South Australia and its mines: With an historical sketch of the colony, under its several administrations, to the period of Captain Grey's departure|first=Francis|last=Dutton|date=1846|place=Adelaide|publisher=T. and W. Boone|quote=Original from Oxford University; Digitized 2 Oct 2007|page=117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SdENAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA117|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>

[[Hoddle Grid]] is the name given to the layout of [[Melbourne]], Victoria, named after the surveyor [[Robert Hoddle]], who marked it out in 1837 establishing the first formal town plan. This grid of streets, laid out when there were only a few hundred settlers, became the nucleus for what is now a city of over 5 million people, the city of Melbourne. The unusual dimensions of the allotments and the incorporation of narrow 'little' streets were the result of compromise between Hoddle's desire to employ the regulations established in 1829 by previous [[New South Wales]] Governor Ralph Darling, requiring square blocks and wide, spacious streets and Bourke's desire for rear access ways (now the 'little' streets, for example [[Little Collins Street]]).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Miles|title=Melbourne: The City's History and Development|date=1995|publisher=City of Melbourne|location=Melbourne|pages=25–29}}</ref>

The city of [[Christchurch Central City|Christchurch]], New Zealand, was planned by [[Edward Jollie]] in 1850.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://resources.ccc.govt.nz/files/ChristchurchCityContextualHistoryOverviewFull-docs.pdf | title = Contextual Historical Overview for Christchurch City| type = PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522213304/http://resources.ccc.govt.nz/files/ChristchurchCityContextualHistoryOverviewFull-docs.pdf|date=June 2005|archive-date=22 May 2010}}</ref>

====Town acre====
{{anchor|Town acre}}
The term "town acre" (often spelt with initial capital letters) may have originated with [[Edward Gibbon Wakefield]] who, in the 1830s, was involved in various schemes to promote the [[colonisation of South Australia]] and its capital, [[Adelaide]],<ref name=samem>{{cite web|website=SA Memory|url=https://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=349&startRow=13|publisher=State Library of South Australia|title=Foundation of the Province|date=5 February 2015|access-date=16 Jan 2021}}</ref> and, as founder of the [[New Zealand Company]], the plans for [[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]], [[New Plymouth, New Zealand|New Plymouth]] and [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]. All of these towns were laid out on a grid plan, so it was easy to divide the land into acre plots of one [[chain (unit)|chain]] by one [[furlong]], {{convert|66 by 660 |ft}} (approximately 0.4 ha.), and these became known as town acres.<ref name=encycnz>{{cite web | website=Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand | date= 26 Mar 2015|first=Ben |last=Schrader|title=City planning – Early settlement planning |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/city-planning/page-1 | access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref> Adelaide was divided into 1042 Town Acres.<ref>{{cite web | title=Light's Plan of Adelaide, 1840 | website=Adelaidia|first=Jude|last=Elton|publisher=[[History Trust of South Australia]] | date=10 December 2013 |url=https://adelaidia.history.sa.gov.au/panoramas/lights-plan-of-adelaide-1840 | access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Llewellyn-Smith|first= Michael|chapter=The Background to the Founding of Adelaide and South Australia in 1836|title= Behind the Scenes: The Politics of Planning Adelaide|pages=11–38|publisher=[[University of Adelaide Press]]|date= 2012|jstor= 10.20851/j.ctt1sq5wvd.8|isbn= 9781922064400|access-date=16 Jan 2021|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.20851/j.ctt1sq5wvd.8}}</ref> Maps showing the divisions of the town acres are available for Adelaide,<ref>{{cite journal | title=Town Acre Reference Map – Map of the City of Adelaide | website=data.sa.gov.au | date=5 June 2014 | url=https://data.sa.gov.au/data/dataset/historic-photos-of-adelaide/resource/4bf498ca-b63f-4ccf-acfe-916055a1c094 | access-date=16 January 2021 | last1=Adelaide | first1=City of }} [http://opendata.adelaidecitycouncil.com/historic_photos/1880_Map_Town_Acres.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115030315/http://opendata.adelaidecitycouncil.com/historic_photos/1880_Map_Town_Acres.pdf |date=2021-01-15 }}</ref> Nelson,<ref>{{cite web  | website=Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand| date=1 August 2015|first=Carl|last= Walrond|title=Nelson region – European settlement:Nelson town blocks (1st of 2)|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/zoomify/28951/nelson-town-blocks | access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref> and Wellington.<ref>{{cite web | title=Town Acre Map of Wellington 1841 | website=Wellington City Libraries |url=https://wellington.recollect.co.nz/nodes/view/26 | access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>