Editing Glossary of chess (section)

==I==
{{glossary}}

{{term|term= IA|content= IA {{anchor|IA}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for [[#International Arbiter|International Arbiter]].}}

{{term|term= ICCA|content= ICCA {{anchor|ICCA}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#International Correspondence Chess Federation|International Correspondence Chess Federation]]''.}}

{{term|term= ICCF|content= ICCF {{anchor|ICCF}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for the [[#International Correspondence Chess Federation|International Correspondence Chess Federation]].<ref name="Dunne 1991, p. 99">Dunne 1991, p. 99</ref>}}

{{term|term= ICS|content= ICS {{anchor|ICS|ICSs}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for [[#Internet chess server|Internet chess server]].}}

{{term|term= IGM|content= IGM {{anchor|IGM|IGMs}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for the older term ''International Grandmaster''. The modern usage is ''[[#Grandmaster|Grandmaster]]'' (GM).}}

{{term|term= illegal move|content= illegal move {{anchor|Illegal move|illegal moves}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move that is not permitted by the [[rules of chess]]. An illegal move discovered during the course of a game must be corrected.<ref name="Pandolfini 1996, p. 124">Pandolfini 1996, p. 124</ref>}}

{{term|term= illegal position|content= illegal position {{anchor|Illegal position|illegal positions}} }}
{{defn|no=1|defn= A position in a game that is a consequence of an [[#illegal move|illegal move]] or an incorrect [[#starting position|starting position]]}}
{{defn|no=2|defn= A position that is impossible to reach by any sequence of legal moves.}}
{{defn|<ref name="Pandolfini 1996, p. 124">Pandolfini 1996, p. 124</ref>}}

{{term|term= IM|content= IM {{anchor|IM|IMs}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for the [[#International Master|International Master]] title.<ref name="Pandolfini 1996, p. 125">Pandolfini 1996, p. 125</ref>}}

{{term|term= imbalance|content= imbalance {{anchor|Imbalance|imbalances|imbalanced}} }}
{{defn|defn= Any difference between the positions of White and Black. An imbalanced position is one where White and Black both have unique advantages. Conversely, a balanced position may be [[#drawish|drawish]].<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 435">Silman 1999, p. 435</ref>}}

{{term|term= inaccuracy|content= inaccuracy {{anchor|Inaccuracy|inaccuracies|inaccurate}} }}
{{defn|defn= A move that is not the best, but not as bad as a [[#blunder|blunder]].<ref name="Pandolfini 1996, p. 125">Pandolfini 1996, p. 125</ref>}}

{{term|term= inactive|content= inactive {{anchor|Inactive}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#passive|passive]]''.}}

{{term|term= in check|content= in check }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#check|check]]''.}}

{{term|term= increment|content= increment {{anchor|Increment|increments}} }}
{{defn|defn= Refers to the amount of time added to each player's time before each move. For instance, [[#rapid chess|rapid chess]] might be played with "25 minutes plus 10 second per move increment", meaning that each player starts with 25 minutes on their clock, and this increments by 10 seconds after (or before) each move, usually using the Fischer Delay method.<ref name="Schiller 2003, p. 398">Schiller 2003, p. 398</ref> See {{seclink|Time control|Increment and delay methods}}.}}

{{Chess diagram small
|tright
|
|rd|nd|bd|qd|  |rd|kd|
|pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|bd|pd
|  |  |  |pd|  |nd|pd|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |pl|pl|  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |nl|pl|
|pl|pl|  |  |pl|pl|bl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|  |rl|kl|
|In the [[King's Indian Defence#Fianchetto Variation|KID Fianchetto Variation]] (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nf3 Bg7 4.g3 0-0 5.Bg2 d6 6.0-0), both sides have Indian bishops.
}}
{{term|term= Indian bishop|content= Indian bishop {{anchor|Indian bishop|Indian bishops}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#fianchetto|fianchettoed]] [[#bishop|bishop]], characteristic of the [[#Indian Defense|Indian defenses]], the [[King's Indian Defence|King's Indian]] and the [[Queen's Indian Defense|Queen's Indian]].<ref>Lemos 2014, pp. 30–32</ref>}}

{{term|term= Indian Defense|content= [[Indian Defence|Indian Defense]] {{anchor|Indian Defense|Indian defense|Indian Defence|Indian defence|Indian  defenses|Indian defences}} }}
{{defn|defn= An [[#opening|opening]] that begins 1.d4 Nf6. Originally used to describe queen's pawn defenses involving the [[#fianchetto|fianchetto]] of one or both black bishops; now used to describe all Black defenses after 1.d4 Nf6 that do not [[#transposition|transpose]] into the [[Queen's Gambit]].<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 126.</ref>}}

{{term|term= informal game|content= informal game {{anchor|Informal game|informal games}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#friendly game|friendly game]]''.}}

{{term|term= initiative|content= [[Initiative (chess)|initiative]] {{anchor|Initiative|initiatives}} }}
{{defn|defn= The ability to make attacking moves, and [[#forcing move|force]] the course of play. It is an aspect of [[#time|time]]. The attacking player has the initiative, and the defending player attempts to seize it.<ref name="Pandolfini 1996, p. 128">Pandolfini 1996, p. 128</ref>}}

{{term|term= innovation|content= innovation {{anchor|Innovation|innovations}} }}
{{defn|defn= A synonym for ''[[#theoretical novelty|theoretical novelty]]''.}}

{{term|term= insufficient material|content= insufficient material {{anchor|Insufficient material}} }}
{{defn|defn= An [[#endgame|endgame]] scenario in which all pawns have been captured, and one side has only its king remaining while the other has only its king, a king plus a knight, or a king plus a bishop. A king plus bishop versus a king plus bishop with the bishops on the same color is also a draw, since neither side can [[#checkmate|checkmate]], regardless of play. Situations where checkmate is possible only if the inferior side [[#blunder|blunders]] are covered by the [[#fifty-move rule|fifty-move rule]].<ref name="Pandolfini 2009, p. 302">Pandolfini 2009, p. 302</ref> See {{section link|Draw (chess)|Draws in all games}}.}}

{{term|term= interference|content= [[Interference (chess)|interference]] {{anchor|Interference|interferences|interfere|interfering}} }}
{{defn|defn= The interruption of the line or diagonal between an attacked piece and its defender by [[#interpose|interposing]] a piece.<ref name="Pandolfini 1996, p. 128">Pandolfini 1996, p. 128</ref>}}

{{term|term= intermediate move|content= intermediate move {{anchor|Intermediate move|intermediate moves}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#zwischenzug|zwischenzug]]''.}}

{{term|term= intermezzo|content= intermezzo {{anchor|Intermezzo|intermezzos|intermezzi}} }}
{{defn|defn= See ''[[#zwischenzug|zwischenzug]]''.}}

{{term|term= International Arbiter|content= [[Arbiter (chess)#International Arbiter|International Arbiter]] {{anchor|International Arbiter|International Arbiters|international arbiter|international arbiters}} }}
{{defn|defn= A tournament official who arbitrates disputes and performs other duties such as keeping the [[#game score|score]] when players are under [[#time pressure|time pressure]]. Abbr. IA.}}

{{term|term= International Correspondence Chess Federation|content= [[International Correspondence Chess Federation]] {{anchor|International Correspondence Chess Federation}} }}
{{defn|defn= The International Correspondence Chess Federation (abbr. ICCF) was founded in 1951 to replace the International Correspondence Chess Association (ICCA).<ref name="Dunne 1991, p. 99">Dunne 1991, p. 99</ref>}}

{{term|term= International Grandmaster|content= International Grandmaster {{anchor|International Grandmaster|International Grandmasters|international grandmaster|international grandmasters}} }}
{{defn|defn= Abbr. IGM. The original name of the [[#FIDE|FIDE]] title, now simply called ''[[#Grandmaster|Grandmaster]]'' (GM).}}

{{term|term= International Master|content= [[International Master]] {{anchor|International Master|International Masters|international master|international masters}} }}
{{defn|defn= A chess title that ranks below [[#Grandmaster|Grandmaster]] but above [[#FIDE Master|FIDE Master]]. Abbr. IM.}}

{{term|term= International Woman Master|content= International Woman Master {{anchor|International Woman Master|IWM}} }}
{{defn|defn= Obsolete name for [[#Woman International Master|Woman International Master]].}}

{{term|term= Internet chess server|content= [[Internet chess server]] {{anchor|Internet chess server|internet chess server|Internet chess servers|internet chess servers}} }}
{{defn|defn= An external server that provides the facility to play, discuss, and view chess over the [[Internet]]. Abbr. ICS.}}

{{term|term= interpose|content= interpose {{anchor|Interpose|interposing|interposed}} }}
{{defn|defn= To move a piece between an attacking piece and its target, blocking the line or diagonal of attack. Interposing is not possible if the attacker is a knight, king, or pawn, thus only possible in case of attacking rooks, bishops, or queens. Interposing a piece is one of the three possible responses to a [[#check|check]].<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 59">Staunton 2014, p. 59</ref>}}

{{term|term= Interzonal tournament|content= [[Interzonal]] tournament {{anchor|Interzonal tournament|interzonal tournament|Interzonal|interzonal|Interzonal tournaments|interzonal tournaments|interzonals}} }}
{{defn|defn= A tournament organized by the [[#FIDE|FIDE]] starting from the 1950s to 1993. It was the second qualifying cycle of the [[World Chess Championship]]. The participants were selected from the top players of the [[#Zonal tournaments|Zonal tournaments]]. The top-ranking players qualified for the [[#Candidates Tournament|Candidates Tournament]]. Since 1998 the winners of the zonal tournaments have played short matches against each other over a few weeks in a [[#knockout tournament|knockout-style competition]] to determine who is eligible for the Candidates Tournament. }}

{{term|term= IQP|content= IQP {{anchor|IQP|IQPs}} }}
{{defn|defn= An abbreviation for isolated queen pawn. See ''[[#isolani|isolani]]''.}}

{{term|term= irregular opening|content= [[Irregular chess opening|irregular opening]] {{anchor|Irregular opening|irregular openings}} }}
{{defn|defn= Early 19th-century chess literature classified all [[#opening|openings]] that did not begin with either 1.e4 e5 or 1.d4 d5 as "irregular". As [[Chess theory#Opening theory|opening theory]] developed and many openings previously considered "irregular" became standard (e.g. the [[Sicilian Defense]]), the term gradually became less common. Opening books today are more likely to describe debuts such as 1.b4 (the [[Sokolsky Opening]]) as "uncommon" or "unorthodox".<ref>Schiller 2003, p. 91.</ref>}}

{{term|term= isolani|content= [[Isolated pawn#Isolated queen pawn|isolani]] {{anchor|Isolani|isolanis}} }}
{{defn|defn= Refers to a d-pawn with no pawns of the same color on the adjacent c-file and e-file, and is a synonym for ''isolated queen pawn''. [[Aron Nimzowitsch]], who coined the term, regarded the isolani as a weapon of attack in the [[#middlegame|middlegame]] but an [[#endgame|endgame]] weakness; he saw the problem of [[#hanging pawns|hanging pawns]] as related.<ref>Pandolfini 1989, p. 227</ref> See also {{seclink|Pawn structure|Queen's Gambit – Isolani}}.}}

{{term|term= isolated pawn|content= [[isolated pawn]] {{anchor|Isolated pawn|isolated pawns}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#pawn|pawn]] with no pawn of the same color on an adjacent [[#file|file]].<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 61">Staunton 2014, p. 61</ref>}}

{{term|term= isolated queen pawn|content= isolated queen pawn {{anchor|Isolated queen pawn|isolated queen pawns}} }}
{{defn|defn= Or '''isolated queen's pawn'''. Abbr. IQP. See ''[[#isolani|isolani]]''.}}

{{Chess diagram small
|tright
|
|rd|  |bd|qd|kd|  |nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|pd
|  |  |nd|  |  |  |  | 
|  |  |bd|  |pd|  |  | 
|  |  |bl|  |pl|  |  | 
|  |  |  |  |  |nl|  | 
|pl|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|  |  |rl
|Italian bishops in the Giuoco Piano
}}
{{term|term= Italian bishop|content= Italian bishop {{anchor|Italian bishop|Italian bishops}} }}
{{defn|defn= A white [[#bishop|bishop]] developed to [[#algebraic notation|c4]] or a black bishop developed to [[#algebraic notation|c5]]. A bishop so developed is characteristic of the [[Italian Game]]. In the [[Giuoco Piano]] both players have Italian bishops. The Italian bishop stands in contrast to the [[#Spanish bishop|Spanish bishop]] on b5 characteristic of the [[Ruy Lopez]]. "Italian" may be used as an adjective for an [[#opening|opening]] where one or both players have Italian bishops.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 183</ref>}}

{{glossary end}}