Editing Glossary of Islam (section)

==I==
;[[Ibadah|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿIbādah}}]] ({{lang|ar|عبادة}}): submission, worship, but not limited to ritual: all expressions of servitude to Allah, including the pursuit of knowledge, living a pious life, helping, charity, and humility, can be considered ibadah.
;[[Iblis|ʾIblīs]] ({{lang|ar|إبليس}}): [[Devil in Islam|Devil]] banished to Hell for his arrogance and disobedience; aka [[Satan]].
;[[Eid (disambiguation)#Islamic holidays|ʿId]] ({{lang|ar|عيد}}): festival or celebration. Alternatively transliterated Eid.
;[[Eid ul-Adha|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿId ul-Adha}}]] ({{lang|ar|الأضحى}}): "the Festival of Sacrifice." The four-day celebration starting on the tenth day of [[Dhul-Hijja]].
;[[Eid ul-Fitr|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿId ul-Fitr}}]] ({{lang|ar|الفطر}}): "the Festival of Fitr (Breaking the fast)." A religious festival that marks the end of the fast of [[Ramadan]].
;[[Iftaar|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾIfṭār}}]] ({{lang|ar|إفطار}}): a meal eaten by Muslims breaking their fast after sunset during the month of Ramadan.
;[[Ihram|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾIḥrām}}]] ({{lang|ar|إحرام}}): state of consecration for [[hajj]]. Includes dress and or prayer.
;[[Ihsan|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾIḥsān}}]] ({{lang|ar|إحسان}}): perfection in worship, such that Muslims try to worship God as if they see Him, and although they cannot see Him, they undoubtedly believe He is constantly watching over them.
; ʾIḥtiyāṭ ({{lang|ar|إحتياط}}): Also Ahwat. A Precaution, either obligatory or optional.<ref name="al-islam">{{cite web |url=http://www.al-islam.org/about/resources/glossary.html|title=The Islamic glossary: An explanation of names, terms and Symbols|access-date=2007-12-06}}</ref>
; ʾIḥtiyāṭ mustaḥabb({{lang|ar|مستحب}}ّ) : A preferred precaution.<ref name="al-islam"/>
; ʾIḥtiyāṭ wājib({{lang|ar|واجب}}): An obligatory precaution.<ref name="al-islam"/>
;[[Ijaz|ʾIʿjāz]] ({{lang|ar|إعجاز}}): miracle, the character of the Qur'an in both form and content.
;[[Ijazah|ʾIjāzah]] ({{lang|ar|إجازة}}): a certificate authorizing one to transmit a subject or text of Islamic knowledge
;[[Ijma|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾIjmā'}}]] ({{lang|ar|إجماع}}): the [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]] of either the [[ummah]] (or just the [[ulema]]) – one of four bases of [[Islamic Law]]. More generally, political consensus itself. Shi'a substitute obedience to the Imam; opposite of [[ikhtilaf]]
;[[Ijtihad|ʾIjtihād]] ({{lang|ar|اجتهاد}}): During the early times of Islam, the possibility of finding a new solution to a juridical problem. Has not been allowed in conservative Islam since the Middle Ages. However, [[Liberal movements within Islam]] generally argue that any Muslim can perform [[ijtihad]], given that Islam has no generally accepted clerical hierarchy or bureaucratic organization. The opposite of [[ijtihad]] is [[taqlid]] ({{lang|ar|تقليد}}), Arabic for "imitation".
;[[Ikhtilaf|ʾIkhtilāf]] ({{lang|ar|اختلاف}}): disagreement among the madhhabs (scholars) of a religious principle; opposite of [[ijma]].
;ʾIkrām ({{lang|ar|إكرام}}): honouring, hospitality, generosity – Dhul jalaali wal ikraam is one of the 99 names of Allah.
;[[Ikrah|ʾIkrāh]] ({{lang|ar|إكراه}}) : mental or physical force.
;[[Ilah|ʾIlāh]] ({{lang|ar|إله}}): deity, a god; including gods worshiped by polytheists.
;[[Ilm (Arabic)|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿIlm}}]] ({{lang|ar|علم}}): all varieties of [[knowledge]], usually a synonym for [[science]]
;[[Imam|ʾImām]] ({{lang|ar|إمام}}): literally, leader; e.g. a man who ''leads'' a community or ''leads'' the prayer; the [[Shi'a]] sect use the term only as a title for one of the twelve Allah-appointed successors of Muhammad.
;[[Imamate|ʾImāmah]] ({{lang|ar|إمامة}}) or [[imamate]] : successorship of Muhammad and the leadership of mankind.
;[[Iman (concept)|ʾImān]] ({{lang|ar|إيمان}}): personal faith
;[[Inna Lillahi wa inna ilaihi raji'un|ʾInna lilāhi wa ʾinna ʾilaihi rājiʿūn]] ({{lang|ar|إِنَّا لِلّهِ وَإِنَّـا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعونَ}})  : To Allah we belong and to Him is our return – said to mourners
;[[Infaq|ʾInfāq]] ({{lang|ar|إنفاق}}): the habitual inclination to give rather than take in life; the basis for charity
;[[Injeel|ʾInjīl]] ({{lang|ar|الإنجيل}}): Arabic term for the holy book called The Gospel said to have been given to Jesus, who is known as [[Islamic view of Jesus|Isa]] in Arabic; Muslims believe the holy book has been corrupted and modified, and the [[New Testament]] [[gospel]]s (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) are not the word of Allah, only Christian stories about Jesus.
;[[Insha'Allah|ʾIn shāʾa -llāh]] ({{lang|ar|إن شاء الله}}): "If God wills"; Inshallah is "resigned, accepting, neutral, passive. It is neither optimistic nor pessimistic."[http://www.theamericanscholar.org/inshallah/] [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inshallah]
;[[Iqamah|ʾIqāmah]] ({{lang|ar|إقامة}}): the second call to prayer. Similar to the azhan.
;[[Irtidad|ʾIrtidād]] ({{lang|ar|ارتداد}}): apostasy (see murtadd). Also ''riddah''{{lang|ar| ردة}}
;[[Jesus in Islam|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿĪsā}}]] ({{lang|ar|عيسى}}): Jesus – 'Isa ibn Maryam (English: Jesus son of Mary), (a matronymic since he had no biological father). The Qur'an asserts that Allah has no sons and therefore, 'Isa is not the son of Allah. Muslims honor 'Isa as a [[Prophets in Islam|nabi]] and [[Rasūl|rasul]].
;[[Isha'a|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿIshā'}}]] ({{lang|ar|عشاء}}): night; the fifth salat prayer
;[[Islah|ʾIṣlāḥ]] ({{lang|ar|إصلاح}}): "reform". This term may mean very different things, depending on the context. When used in reference to reform of Islam, it may mean modernism, such as that proposed by [[Muhammad Abduh]]; or  [[Salafi]] literalism, such as that preached by [[Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani]]<ref name=comment>[http://marifah.net/forums/index.php?showtopic=6815&#entry28132 Habib Ali Jifri on Shaykh al-Buti] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110043602/http://marifah.net/forums/index.php?showtopic=6815& |date=2013-11-10 }} Marifah forum</ref>
;[[Islam|ʾIslām]] {{Audio|ar-al_islam.ogg|({{lang|ar|الإسلام}}) }} : "submission to God". The Arabic root word for Islam means submission, obedience, peace, and purity.
<span class="anchor" id="Isnād"></span>
;[[Isnād|ʾIsnād]] ({{lang|ar|إسناد}}): chain of transmitters of any given [[hadith]]
;[[Isra and Miraj|ʾIsrāʾ]] ({{lang|ar|الإسراء}}): the night journey during which [[Muhammad]] (محمّد)is said to have visited Heaven. See [[miraj]].
;[[Istighfar|ʾIstighfār]] ({{lang|ar|استغفار}}): requesting forgiveness
;[[Istihada|ʾIstiḥādah]] ({{lang|ar|استحاضة}}): vaginal bleeding except [[Haid]] and [[Nifas]]
;[[Istislah|ʾIstiṣlāḥ]] ({{lang|ar|استصلاح}}): public interest – a source of [[Islamic Law]].
;[[Istishhad|ʾIstishhād]] ({{lang|ar|استشهاد}}): martyrdom.
;[[Ithim|ʾIthm]] ({{lang|ar|إثم}}): Negative reward for bad deeds that is tallied on [[qiyamah]] (judgment day.) Opposite of thawab.
;[[Itikaf|ʾIʿtikāf]] ({{lang|ar|إعتكاف}}): seclusion in the masjid for the purpose of worship usually performed during the last 10 days of Ramadan.
;[[Itmam al-hujjah|ʾItmām al-hujjah]] ({{lang|ar|إتمام الحجة}}):clarification of truth in its ultimate form.
;[[Ittaqullah]] ({{lang|ar|اتقوا الله}}):command to fear God or to be pious to Allah.