Editing Gliwice (section)

===Nationality, ethnicity and language===
Historically, Gliwice was ethnically diverse, initially inhabited by [[Polish people|Poles]], later it had a [[Germans|German]] majority as a result of German [[Drang nach Osten|colonization]], with a significant autochthonous Polish minority. In the [[Upper Silesia plebiscite|Upper Silesian Plebiscite]] in 1921, 78.9 percent of voters opted for Germany (however 15.1 percent of the vote in Gliwice was cast by non-residents, who are believed to overwhelmingly vote for Germany across the region). After Germany's defeat in World War II, the Germans either fled or were displaced to Allied-occupied Germany in accordance with the [[Potsdam Agreement]]. Polish inhabitants remained in Gliwice, and were joined by Poles [[Polish population transfers (1944–1946)|displaced]] from former [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union]], including the city of [[Lviv|Lwów]] (Lviv),<ref name=ig>{{Cite web |url=https://infogliwice.pl/historia-gliwic/ |language=pl |title=Historia Gliwic |website=infogliwice.pl |access-date=9 December 2022 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209113039/https://infogliwice.pl/historia-gliwic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Volhynia]], [[Polesie]], the [[Vilnius|Wilno]] region (Vilnius region) and the [[Grodno]] region. In addition, Poles from other regions of Poland, including the vicinity of [[Kielce]], [[Rzeszów]], [[Łódź]] or [[Poznań]], as well as Poles from other countries, settled in Gliwice.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} Many of these new inhabitants were academics from the [[Lviv Polytechnic|Lwów Polytechnic]] who created the [[Silesian University of Technology]].

According to the [[Polish census of 2011|2011 Polish Census]], 93.7 percent of people in Gliwice claimed Polish nationality, with the biggest minorities being [[Silesians]] (or both Poles and Silesians at the same time) at 9.7 percent (18,169 people) and Germans at 1.3 percent (2,525). 0.3 percent declared another nationality, and the nationality of 2.1 percent of people could not be established.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://stat.gov.pl/spisy-powszechne/nsp-2011/nsp-2011-wyniki/struktura-narodowo-etniczna-jezykowa-i-wyznaniowa-ludnosci-polski-nsp-2011,22,1.html|title=Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski - NSP 2011|last=GUS|work=stat.gov.pl|access-date=2018-10-07|language=pl-pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717154121/http://stat.gov.pl/spisy-powszechne/nsp-2011/nsp-2011-wyniki/struktura-narodowo-etniczna-jezykowa-i-wyznaniowa-ludnosci-polski-nsp-2011,22,1.html|archive-date=2018-07-17|url-status=live}}</ref> These numbers do not sum up to 100 percent as responders were allowed to choose up to two nationalities. The most common languages used at home were [[Polish language|Polish]] (97.7 percent), [[Silesian ethnolect|Silesian]] (2.3 percent), [[German language|German]] (0.7 percent) and [[English language|English]] (0.4 percent).<ref name=":1" />