Editing Georgian language (section)

== Writing system ==
{{Calligraphy}}
{{Main|Georgian scripts|Georgian Braille}}
[[File:AmCyc Georgia (Russian Transcaucasia) - Georgian language alphabet.png|thumb|Georgian alphabet from ''The American Cyclopædia'', 1879]]
[[File:Street sign in Georgian and Latin alphabets.jpg|thumb|Road sign in Mtavruli and Latin scripts]]
[[File:Vani Guram Bzvaneli MusSchool.jpg|thumb|A music school sign using a [[sans-serif]] Mtavruli script in the upper part, a serif Mkhedruli script in the middle and a serif Mtavruli script in the lower part]]
{{CSS image crop
|Image = Tengiz Gurjidze memorial plaque.jpg
|bSize = 300
|cWidth = 250
|cHeight = 280
|oTop = 60
|oLeft = 25
|Location = right
|Description = A commemorative plaque using Mkhedruli for the upper four lines and Mtavruli for the lower two (the name of the person), with each line written in a different typeface
}}
Georgian has been written in a variety of scripts over its history. Currently the ''[[Mkhedruli]]'' script is almost completely dominant; the others are used mostly in religious documents and architecture.

''Mkhedruli'' has 33 letters in common use; a half dozen more are obsolete in Georgian, though still used in other alphabets, like Mingrelian, Laz, and Svan. The letters of ''Mkhedruli'' correspond closely to the phonemes of the Georgian language.

According to the traditional account written down by [[Leonti Mroveli]] in the 11th century, the first Georgian script was created by the first ruler of the [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Iberia]], [[Pharnavaz I of Iberia|Pharnavaz]], in the 3rd century BC. The first examples of a Georgian script date from the 5th century AD. There are now three Georgian scripts, called ''[[Asomtavruli]]'' 'capitals', ''[[Nuskhuri]]'' 'small letters', and ''Mkhedruli''. The first two are used together as upper and lower case in the writings of the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] and together are called ''Khutsuri'' 'priest alphabet'.

In ''Mkhedruli'', there is no case. Sometimes, however, a capital-like effect, called ''Mtavruli'' ('title' or 'heading'), is achieved by modifying the letters so that their vertical sizes are identical and they rest on the baseline with no descenders. These capital-like letters are often used in page headings, chapter titles, monumental inscriptions, and the like.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Modern Georgian alphabet
! Letter
! {{nowrap|National transcription}} !! {{nowrap|IPA transcription}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ა}}
| ''a'' || {{IPA|[ä]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ბ}}
| ''b'' || {{IPA|[b]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|გ}}
| ''g'' || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|დ}}
| ''d'' || {{IPA|[d]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ე}}
| ''e'' || {{IPA|[e̞]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ვ}}
| ''v'' || {{IPA|[v~w]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ზ}}
| ''z'' || {{IPA|[z]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|თ}}
| ''t'' || {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ი}}
| ''i'' || {{IPA|[i]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|კ}}
| ''k’'' || {{IPA|[kʼ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ლ}}
| ''l'' || {{IPA|[l]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|მ}}
| ''m'' || {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ნ}}
| ''n'' || {{IPA|[n]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ო}}
| ''o'' || {{IPA|[o̞]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|პ}}
| ''p’'' || {{IPA|[pʼ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ჟ}}
| ''zh'' || {{IPA|[ʒ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|რ}}
| ''r'' || {{IPA|[r]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ს}}
| ''s'' || {{IPA|[s]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ტ}}
| ''t’'' || {{IPA|[tʼ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|უ}}
| ''u'' || {{IPA|[u]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ფ}}
| ''p'' || {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ქ}}
| ''k'' || {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ღ}}
| ''gh'' || {{IPA|[ɣ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ყ}}
| ''q’'' || {{IPA|[qʼ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|შ}}
| ''sh'' || {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ჩ}}
| ''ch'' || {{IPA|[t͡ʃʰ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ც}}
| ''ts'' || {{IPA|[t͡sʰ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ძ}}
| ''dz'' || {{IPA|[d͡z]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|წ}}
| ''ts’'' || {{IPA|[t͡sʼ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ჭ}}
| ''ch’'' || {{IPA|[t͡ʃʼ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ხ}}
| ''kh'' || {{IPA|[x]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ჯ}}
| ''j'' || {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}}
|-
! {{lang|ka|ჰ}}
| ''h'' || {{IPA|[h]}}
|}

=== Keyboard layout ===
{{main|Georgian keyboard layout}}
This is the Georgian standard<ref>[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/keyboards/kbdgeome Georgian Keyboard Layout] Microsoft</ref> keyboard layout. The standard Windows keyboard is essentially that of manual [[typewriter]]s.

{{Georgian standard keyboard}}