Editing Fresno, California (section)

==Demographics==
[[File:Fresno-Madera CSA.png|thumb|right|Map of [[Metropolitan Fresno]] and its components: {{legend|#FF0000|Fresno County}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Madera County}}]]
{{US Census population
|1880= 1112
|1890= 10818
|1900= 12470
|1910= 24892
|1920= 45086
|1930= 52513
|1940= 60685
|1950= 91669
|1960= 133929
|1970= 165655
|1980= 217491
|1990= 354202
|2000= 427652
|2010= 494665
|2020= 542107
|estimate= 550105
|estyear=2024
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br />2010–2024<ref name="QuickFacts" />
}}

Fresno is the larger principal city of the [[Fresno-Madera, CA CSA|Fresno-Madera CSA]], a [[Combined Statistical Area]] that includes the [[Fresno County, California|Fresno]] (Fresno County) and [[Madera County, California|Madera]] (Madera County) metropolitan areas,<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List4.txt Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Components] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526063716/http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List4.txt |date=May 26, 2007}}, [[Office of Management and Budget]], May 11, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2008.</ref><ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List6.txt Combined Statistical Areas and Component Core Based Statistical Areas] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629011223/http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List6.txt |date=June 29, 2007}}, [[Office of Management and Budget]], May 11, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2008.</ref> which had a combined population of 922,516 at the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]].<ref name="GR2" />

Fresno is home to numerous ethnic minority communities, such as the [[Armenian Americans|Armenian]] and [[Hmong Americans|Hmong]] communities. In 1920, [[Armenians]] comprised 9% of the population of the city of Fresno, with 4,000 Armenian residents at the time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woeste |first1=Victoria |title=The Farmer's Benevolent Trust |date=1998 |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |location=US |isbn=0807824216 |page=57}}</ref> [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California|Old Armenian Town]] was the old Armenian neighborhood in the center of Fresno. The [[History of the Hmong in Fresno, California|Hmong community of Fresno]], along with that of [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]], is one of the largest two urban [[Hmong American|U.S. ethnic Hmong]] communities, with just over 24,000 people, or about 5% of the city's population, being of Hmong descent.<ref>Lor, Yang. "{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141219001630/http://hmongstudies.org/YangLorHSJ10.pdf Hmong Political Involvement in St. Paul, Minnesota and Fresno, California]}}" (). ''[[Hmong Studies Journal]]''. Volume 10, p.&nbsp;1–53. [http://web.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=10911774&AN=47436195&h=Kr8ULojvpr5R7dlsr2Jd4lla9ir7BmCYvbHT3F%2bpLZSHHg4W6SIMcEaWFvhOSTvVO56HFcW%2f5p8IxfDAVr5OHg%3d%3d&crl=c Available at] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628220307/http://web.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=10911774&AN=47436195&h=Kr8ULojvpr5R7dlsr2Jd4lla9ir7BmCYvbHT3F%2bpLZSHHg4W6SIMcEaWFvhOSTvVO56HFcW%2f5p8IxfDAVr5OHg%3d%3d&crl=c |date=June 28, 2014 }} [[EBSCOHost]] – p. 1.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsed collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Historical racial composition !! 2010<ref name="census1"/> !! 1990<ref name="census"/> !! 1970<ref name="census"/> !! 1940<ref name="census"/>
|-
| [[White American|White]] ||49.6% || 59.2% || 86.7% || 94.0%
|-
| —Non-Hispanic || 30.0% || 49.4% || 72.6%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || n/a
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) || 46.9% || 29.9% || 16.1%{{efn|name="fifteen"}} || n/a
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 8.3% || 8.3% || 9.6% || 3.3%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 12.6% || 12.5% || 2.0% || 2.7%
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Fresno, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Fresno city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US0627000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Fresno city, California |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0627000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Fresno city, California |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0627000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|159,473
|148,598
|style='background: #ffffe6; |129,705
|37.29%
|30.04%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |23.93%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|34,357
|37,885
|style='background: #ffffe6; |37,611
|8.03%
|7.66%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6.94%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|3,259
|3,127
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,501
|0.76%
|0.63%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.65%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|47,136
|60,939
|style='background: #ffffe6; |77,243
|11.02%
|12.32%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |14.25%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|427
|663
|style='background: #ffffe6; |766
|0.10%
|0.13%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.14%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|728
|984
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,918
|0.17%
|0.20%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.54%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|11,752
|10,414
|style='background: #ffffe6; |16,592
|2.75%
|2.11%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.06%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|170,520
|232,055
|style='background: #ffffe6; |273,771
|39.87%
|46.91%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |50.50%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''427,520'''
|'''494,665'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''542,107'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0627000|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715025036/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0627000|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Fresno city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was {{convert|4,404.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 40,960 (8.3%) [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 8,525 (1.7%) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 62,528 (12.6%) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]] (3.6% [[Hmong American|Hmong]], 1.7% [[Indian American|Indian]], 1.2% [[Filipino American|Filipino]], 1.2% [[Laotian American|Laotian]], 1.0% [[Thai American|Thai]], 0.8% [[Cambodian American|Cambodian]], 0.7% [[Chinese American|Chinese]], 0.5% [[Japanese American|Japanese]], 0.4% [[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]], 0.2% [[Korean American|Korean]]), 849 (0.2%) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 111,984 (22.6%) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 24,513 (5.0%) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 232,055 persons (46.9%). Among the Hispanic population, 42.7% of the total population are [[Mexican American|Mexican]], 0.4% [[Salvadoran American|Salvadoran]], and 0.4% [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Rican]]. [[Non-Hispanic Whites]] were 30.0% of the population in 2010,<ref name="census1">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0627000.html |title=Fresno (city), California |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=April 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427150655/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0627000.html |archive-date=April 27, 2012}}</ref> down from 72.6% in 1970.<ref name="census">{{cite web |title=California – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=April 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Fresno (5559881135).png|thumb|left|Map of racial distribution in Fresno, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

The Census reported that 485,798 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,315 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,552 (0.9%) were institutionalized.

There were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 30,547 (19.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11,698 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12,843 (8.1%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 1,388 (0.9%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 35,064 households (22.1%) were made up of individuals, and 12,344 (7.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62.

The age distribution of the population shows 148,823 people (30.1%) under the age of 18, 62,601 people (12.7%) aged 18 to 24, 135,076 people (27.3%) aged 25 to 44, 102,064 people (20.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 46,101 people (9.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

There were 171,288 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,525.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 158,349 were occupied, of which 77,757 (49.1%) were owner-occupied, and 80,592 (50.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.6%. 235,430 people (47.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 250,368 people (50.6%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
[[File:Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Saint John the Baptist Cathedral (Fresno, California)|St. John the Baptist Cathedral]], seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fresno|Catholic Diocese of Fresno]]]]
[[File:2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Holy Trinity Church, Fresno|Holy Trinity Armenian Church]]]]
As of the census<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 427,652 people, 140,079 households, and 97,915 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|4,097.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 149,025 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1427.9|sqmi|km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 50.2% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 8.4% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 1.6% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 11.2% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]] (about a third of which is [[Hmong people|Hmong]]), 0.1% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 23.4% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.2% from two or more races. [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race were 39.9% of the population.

There were 140,079 households, of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65&nbsp;years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.57.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 32.9% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65&nbsp;years of age or older. The median age was 28&nbsp;years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,236, and the median income for a family was $35,892. Males had a median income of $32,279 versus $26,551 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,010. About 20.5% of families and 26.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 36.5% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.