Editing Frank Robinson (section)

==Manager==

===Managing career===
Robinson managed in the winter leagues late in his playing career.<ref name=sfchronicle_obit/> By the early 1970s, he had his heart set on becoming the first black manager in the majors; the Angels traded him to the [[Cleveland Guardians|Cleveland Indians]] midway through the 1974 season due to his open campaigning for the manager's job. He was appointed player-manager by the [[1975 Cleveland Indians season|Indians]] on October 2, 1974, giving him the distinction of being the first black manager in the Majors.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 1974 |title=Indians name Robinson manager |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19741003&id=EdtGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=P_gMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1209,526759 |access-date=February 23, 2023 |work=[[The Day (New London)|The Day]] |via=[[Google News Archive]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Robinson had a rocky time in Cleveland, as general manager [[Phil Seghi]] generally liked to second guess his manager along with trying to push for him to play alongside managing (the result was that he played roughly 80 games as manager). Disagreements with players such as [[Gaylord Perry]] did not help matters (he went to the press saying he wanted to be paid a dollar more than Robinson's $173,500 salary). The Indians had a 79–80 record, and had an 81–78 record in 1976, their first winning record in eight years. Cleveland started the 1977 season 26–31 and fired Robinson on June 19, 1977.<ref name=cleveland/><ref>{{cite web |last=Popelka |first=Greg |date=July 10, 2014 |title=Frank Robinson Arrives in 1974, Clashes with Gaylord Perry – Reliving Yesteryear |url=https://waitingfornextyear.com/2014/07/frank-robinson-arrives-in-1974-clashes-with-gaylord-perry-reliving-yesteryear/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724153314/https://waitingfornextyear.com/2014/07/frank-robinson-arrives-in-1974-clashes-with-gaylord-perry-reliving-yesteryear/ |archive-date=July 24, 2014 |website=Waiting For Next Year}}</ref>

Robinson managed the [[San Francisco Giants]] from 1981 through 106 games of the 1984 season, when he was fired.<ref name=sabr/><ref name="sfchronicle_obit">{{cite web |last=Shea |first=John |date=February 7, 2019 |title=Frank Robinson, former SF Giants manager and baseball trailblazer, dies |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/giants/article/Frank-Robinson-SF-Giants-manager-and-baseball-13598394.php |access-date=February 7, 2019 |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> He finished the 1984 season as the hitting coach for the [[Milwaukee Brewers]] on a contract worth $1.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 8, 2019 |title=Photo of Frank Robinson in Brewers uniform surfaces |url=http://fox11online.com/sports/brewers-and-mlb/photo-of-frank-robinson-in-brewers-uniform-surfaces |website=[[WLUK-TV]]}}</ref> In 1985, he joined the Orioles' front office. On April 12, 1988, Robinson was named manager of the Orioles, replacing [[Cal Ripken Sr.]] after an 0–6 start to the season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 1988 |title=The Sinking Orioles Turn to Robinson for Help |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/13/sports/the-sinking-orioles-turn-to-robinson-for-help.html |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> He was awarded the [[American League Manager of the Year Award]] in 1989 for leading the Orioles to an 87–75 record, a turnaround from their previous season in which they went 54–107, and the division title came down to the final three-game series between Baltimore and the [[Toronto Blue Jays]], but the Jays would win the first two games to clinch the division.<ref name="bmore">{{cite news |first1=Mike |last1=Klingaman |first2=Childs |last2=Walker |title=Baltimore Orioles Hall of Famer Frank Robinson dies at 83 |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/orioles/bs-sp-frank-robinson-20190207-story.html |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=February 7, 2019}}</ref> It would be the closest Robinson ever came to managing a team to the postseason.

[[File:Frank Robinson 1983.jpg|thumb|left|Robinson as manager of the San Francisco Giants in 1983]]
Robinson was fired by the Orioles in May 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 23, 1991 |title=Orioles fire Frank Robinson |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/05/23/Orioles-fire-Frank-Robinson/9881674971200/ |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=[[United Press International]] |language=en}}</ref> After he had spent some years known in baseball as the Director of Discipline, Robinson was chosen by Major League Baseball to manage the [[Montreal Expos]] in February 2002, which MLB owned at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trzcienski |first=J.S. |date=February 12, 2002 |title=For Expos' new staff, staffing's the priority |url=http://expos.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/mon/news/mon_news_story.jsp?article_id=mon_20020212_staffing_news&team_id=mon |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020225045346/http://expos.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/mon/news/mon_news_story.jsp?article_id=mon_20020212_staffing_news&team_id=mon |archive-date=February 25, 2002 |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=[[Montreal Expos]] |publisher=[[MLB.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Murray|last=Chass|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/13/sports/baseball-minaya-robinson-tavares-will-now-run-the-expos.html |title=Minaya, Robinson, Tavares Will Now Run the Expos |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 13, 2002 |access-date=February 7, 2019}}</ref> The Expos, who had losing records in the five previous seasons, finished the 2002 and 2003 seasons with 83–79 records. The Expos then next slumped to a 67–95 record in 2004, their final season before relocation to [[Washington Nationals|Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="autogenerated1" />

In a June 2005 ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' poll of 450 MLB players, Robinson was selected as the worst manager in baseball, along with [[Buck Showalter]], then manager of the Texas Rangers. In the August 2006 poll, he again was voted worst manager with 17% of the vote and 37.7% of the NL East vote.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=August 22, 2006 |title=SI Players Poll |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/players/08/22/poll.0822/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901050749/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/players/08/22/poll.0822/index.html |archive-date=September 1, 2006 |access-date=May 2, 2010 |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref>

On April 20, 2006, with the Nationals' 10–4 victory over the [[2006 Philadelphia Phillies season|Philadelphia Phillies]], Robinson got his 1,000th win, becoming the 53rd manager to reach that milestone.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 20, 2006 |title=Johnson, Nats give Robinson 1000th win |url=https://www.tsn.ca/mlb/news_story/?ID=163359&hubname= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929162821/http://www.tsn.ca/mlb/news_story/?ID=163359&hubname= |archive-date=September 29, 2007 |access-date=December 4, 2018 |website=[[The Sports Network|TSN]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> He had earned his 1,000th loss two seasons earlier.<ref name="bbref"/>

During a game against the [[2006 Houston Astros season|Houston Astros]] on May 25, 2006, Robinson pulled Nationals [[catcher]] [[Matt LeCroy]] during the middle of the seventh inning, violating an [[unwritten rules of baseball|unwritten rule]] that managers do not remove position players in the middle of an [[inning]]. Instead, managers are supposed to discreetly switch position players in between innings. However, LeCroy, the third-string catcher, had allowed Astros baserunners to [[stolen base|steal]] seven bases over seven innings and had committed two throwing [[Error (baseball)|errors]]. Although the Nationals won the game 8–5, Robinson found the decision so difficult to make on a player he respected so much, he broke down crying during post-game interviews.<ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Zuckerman |newspaper=[[The Washington Times]]|url=http://www.washtimes.com/sports/20060526-123213-4598r.htm|title=Robinson tearful after win|date=May 26, 2006|access-date=May 29, 2006}}</ref>

On September 30, 2006, the Nationals' management declined to renew Robinson's contract for the 2007 season, though they stated he was welcome to come to spring training in an unspecified role. Robinson, who wanted either a front office job or a consultancy, declined.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001470.html | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | first=Barry | last=Svrluga | title=Nats Will Not Offer Robinson a Paid Job | date=January 11, 2007}}</ref> On October 1, 2006, he managed his final game, a 6–2 loss to the [[2006 New York Mets season|Mets]], and prior to the game addressed the fans at [[RFK Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/01/AR2006100100483.html | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | first=Dave | last=Sheinin | title=Nats' Robinson Bids a Fond Farewell | date=October 2, 2006}}</ref> Robinson's record as a manager stood at 1,065 wins and 1,176 losses. He is one of just seven managers to have won 1,000 games without having made the postseason once, and he is the only one to do it since the Expansion Era began in 1961 (incidentally, five of those managers won pennants in the 19th century, while the sixth was [[Jimmy Dykes]] who retired as a manager in 1961).<ref name="managerial record">{{cite web |title=Frank Robinson Managerial Record |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/robinfr02.shtml |website=[[Baseball Reference]]}}</ref>

===Managerial record===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Team !! rowspan="2"|Year !! colspan="5"|Regular season !! colspan="4"|Postseason
|-
!Games!!Won!!Lost!!Win %!!Finish!! Won !! Lost !! Win % !! Result
|-
|-
![[1975 Cleveland Indians season|CLE]]|| {{mlby|1975}}
||159||79||80||{{Winning percentage|79|80}}|| 4th in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1976 Cleveland Indians season|CLE]]|| {{mlby|1976}}
||159||81||78||{{Winning percentage|81|78}}|| 4th in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1977 Cleveland Indians season|CLE]]|| {{mlby|1977}}
||57||26||31||{{Winning percentage|26|31}}|| fired || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|CLE total || 375 || 186 || 189 || {{Winning percentage|186|189}} || || 0 || 0 || – ||
|-
!rowspan="2"| [[1981 San Francisco Giants season|SF]]|| rowspan="2"| {{mlby|1981}}
||59||27||32||{{Winning percentage|27|32}}|| 5th in NL West || rowspan="2"| – || rowspan="2"| – || rowspan="2"| – || rowspan="2"| –
|-
||52||29||23||{{Winning percentage|29|23}}|| 3rd in NL West
|-
![[1982 San Francisco Giants season|SF]]|| {{mlby|1982}}
||162||87||75||{{Winning percentage|87|75}}|| 3rd in NL West || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1983 San Francisco Giants season|SF]]|| {{mlby|1983}}
||162||79||83||{{Winning percentage|79|83}}|| 5th in NL West || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1984 San Francisco Giants season|SF]]|| {{mlby|1984}}
||106||42||64||{{Winning percentage|42|64}}|| fired || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|SF total || 541 || 264 || 277 || {{Winning percentage|264|277}} || || 0 || 0 || – ||
|-
![[1988 Baltimore Orioles season|BAL]]|| {{mlby|1988}}
||155||54||101||{{Winning percentage|54|101}}|| 7th in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1989 Baltimore Orioles season|BAL]]|| {{mlby|1989}}
||162||87||75||{{Winning percentage|87|75}}|| 2nd in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1990 Baltimore Orioles season|BAL]]|| {{mlby|1990}}
||161||76||85||{{Winning percentage|76|85}}|| 5th in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[1991 Baltimore Orioles season|BAL]]|| {{mlby|1991}}
||37||13||24||{{Winning percentage|13|24}}|| fired || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|BAL total || 515 || 230 || 285 || {{Winning percentage|230|285}} || || 0 || 0 || – ||
|-
![[2002 Montreal Expos season|MON]]|| {{mlby|2002}}
||162||83||79||{{Winning percentage|83|79}}|| 2nd in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[2003 Montreal Expos season|MON]]|| {{mlby|2003}}
||162||83||79||{{Winning percentage|83|79}}|| 4th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[2004 Montreal Expos season|MON]]|| {{mlby|2004}}
||162||67||95||{{Winning percentage|67|95}}|| 5th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[2005 Washington Nationals season|WAS]]|| {{mlby|2005}}
||162||81||81||{{Winning percentage|81|81}}|| 5th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
![[2006 Washington Nationals season|WAS]]|| {{mlby|2006}}
||162||71||91||{{Winning percentage|71|91}}|| 5th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|MON/ WAS total || 810 || 385 || 425 || {{Winning percentage|385|425}} || || 0 || 0 || – ||
|-
! colspan="2"|Total<ref name="managerial record"/> || 2241 || 1065 || 1176 || {{Winning percentage|1065|1176}} || || 0 || 0 || – || 
|}