Editing Fortaleza (section)

==Demographics==
{{see also|Brazilians|Demographics of Brazil|Immigration to Brazil}}
{{bar box
|title    = Race and ethnicity in Fortaleza
|width    = 287px
|titlebar = #ddd
|left1    = Ethnicity
|right1   = Percentage
|float    = left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Pardo]] ([[Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]])|#009000|60.0}}
{{bar percent|[[White Brazilian|White]]|blue|32.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Black Brazilian|Black]]|#9955BB|7.0}}
{{bar percent|[[Asian Brazilian|Asian]]|yellow|0.1}}
{{bar percent|[[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]]|red|0.1}}
}}
According to the [[2022 Brazilian census|2022 census]], there were 2,428,708<ref name="censo2022_ibge_gov_br">{{cite web |title=Censo 2022 - Panorama |url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/ |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628195406/https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/ |url-status=live }}</ref> people residing in the city of Fortaleza. The census revealed the following numbers: 1,456,901 [[Pardo]] ([[Multiracial#Brazil|multiracial]]) people (60%), 793,975 [[White Brazilian|White]] people (32.7%), 171,018 [[Afro-Brazilian|Black]] people (7%), 3,127 [[Asian Brazilian|Asian]] people (0.1%), 3,000 [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]] people (0.1%).<ref name="censo2022_ibge_gov_br" />

In 2010, the city of Fortaleza was the 5th most populous city proper in Brazil, after [[São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Salvador,  Bahia|Salvador]], and [[Brasília]]. Currently, Fortaleza is the 4th largest city in Brazil in terms of population.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-28 |title=As dez maiores cidades do Brasil em população |url=https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2023/06/28/as-dez-maiores-cidades-do-brasil-em-populacao.ghtml |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}</ref> In 2010, the city had 433,942 [[Intimate relationship|opposite-sex couples]] and 1,559 [[same-sex couple]]s. The population of Fortaleza was 53.2% female and 46.8% male.<ref name="censo2010.ibge.gov.br">[http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/painel/?nivel=mn 2010 IGBE Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145708/http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/painel/?nivel=mn|date=May 14, 2012}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref>

The following cities are included in the [[metropolitan area]] of Fortaleza (ordered by population): Fortaleza, Caucaia, Maracanaú, Maranguape, Aquiraz, Pacatuba, Pacajus, Horizonte, São Gonçalo do Amarante, Itatinga, Guaiúba and Chorozinho.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitfortaleza.com/ceara/ |title=Fortaleza Ceara Brazil - travel information |access-date=December 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401023117/http://www.visitfortaleza.com/ceara/ |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a genetic study from 2011, 'pardos' and whites' from Fortaleza, which comprise the largest share of the population, showed European ancestry of about 70%, the rest divided between Native American and African ancestries.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected|first1=Sérgio D. J.|last1=Pena|first2=Giuliano Di|last2=Pietro|first3=Mateus|last3=Fuchshuber-Moraes|first4=Julia Pasqualini|last4=Genro|first5=Mara H.|last5=Hutz|first6=Fernanda de Souza Gomes|last6=Kehdy|first7=Fabiana|last7=Kohlrausch|first8=Luiz Alexandre Viana|last8=Magno|first9=Raquel Carvalho|last9=Montenegro|first10=Manoel Odorico|last10=Moraes|first11=Maria Elisabete Amaral de|last11=Moraes|first12=Milene Raiol de|last12=Moraes|first13=Élida B.|last13=Ojopi|first14=Jamila A.|last14=Perini|first15=Clarice|last15=Racciopi|first16=Ândrea Kely Campos|last16=Ribeiro-dos-Santos|first17=Fabrício|last17=Rios-Santos|first18=Marco A.|last18=Romano-Silva|first19=Vinicius A.|last19=Sortica|first20=Guilherme|last20=Suarez-Kurtz|date=February 16, 2011|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=2|pages=e17063|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0017063|pmid=21359226|pmc=3040205|bibcode=2011PLoSO...617063P|doi-access=free}}</ref> A 2015 study, however, found out the following composition in Fortaleza: 48.9% of European contribution, 35.4% of Native American input and 15.7% of African ancestry.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The correlation between ancestry and color in two cities of Northeast Brazil with contrasting ethnic compositions|first1=Thiago|last1=Magalhães da Silva|first2=M. R.|last2=Sandhya Rani|first3=Gustavo Nunes|last3=de Oliveira Costa|first4=Maria A.|last4=Figueiredo|first5=Paulo S.|last5=Melo|first6=João F.|last6=Nascimento|first7=Neil D.|last7=Molyneaux|first8=Maurício L.|last8=Barreto|first9=Mitermayer G.|last9=Reis|first10=M. Glória|last10=Teixeira|first11=Ronald E.|last11=Blanton|date=July 1, 2015|journal=Eur J Hum Genet|volume=23|issue=7|pages=984–989|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2014.215|pmid=25293718|pmc=4463503}}</ref>

[[File:Fortaleza (11).png|thumb|center|1000px|{{center|View of Fortaleza}}]]

===Religion===
{{see also|Religion in Brazil|Protestantism in Brazil|Roman Catholic Church in Brazil}}

{{multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = Nslibano.jpg
| width1            = 190
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = Church of Our Lady of Lebanon, one of the four [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]] in Brazil.
| image2            = Catedral Metropolitana de Fortaleza 2017-7540.jpg
| width2            = 183
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = [[St. Joseph's Cathedral, Fortaleza|Metropolitan Cathedral of Fortaleza]], the country's third biggest.
| footer            = 
}}

The prevailing religion of Fortaleza is the Roman Catholic branch of Christianity.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Religious affiliation
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Percentage
! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Number
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
|79.0%
|1,691,487
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Protestant]]
|12.58%
|269,469
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Irreligion|No religion]]
|5.99%
|128,190
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Kardecism|Kardecist]]
|0.83%
|17,780
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Jehovah's Witnesses]]
|0.64%
|13,758
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Other religions
|0.7%
|15,923
|}
''Source: [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=cd&o=7&i=P&c=2094 |title=Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA |publisher=Sidra.ibge.gov.br |access-date=April 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614232328/http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=cd&o=7&i=P&c=2094 |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''

According to the census of 2010,<ref name="censo2010.ibge.gov.br"/> 1,664,521 people, 67.88% of the population, followed [[Roman Catholicism]], 523,456 (21.35%) were [[Protestant]], 31,691 (1.29%) represented [[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritism]] and 162,985 (6.65%) had no religion whatsoever. Other religions, such as [[Umbanda]], [[Candomblé]], other [[Afro-Brazilian religions]], [[Spiritualism (movement)|Spiritualism]], [[Judaism]], Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, other Eastern religions, [[Western esotericism|Esotericism]] and other Christian churches like [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (Mormons) had a smaller number of adherents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2094&z=cd&o=7&i=P|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903212501/http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2094&z=cd&o=7&i=P|archive-date=September 3, 2015|title=População residente por cor ou raça e religião - Fortaleza|publisher=IBGE|access-date=February 16, 2015|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>