Editing Forensic science (section)

===Anthropometry===
[[Image:Bertillon - Signalement Anthropometrique.png|right|thumb|150px|[[Book frontispiece|Frontispiece]] from [[Alphonse Bertillon|Bertillon's]] ''Identification anthropométrique'' (1893), demonstrating the measurements needed for his anthropometric identification system]]
The French police officer [[Alphonse Bertillon]] was the first to apply the anthropological technique of [[anthropometry]] to law enforcement, thereby creating an identification system based on physical measurements. Before that time, criminals could be identified only by name or photograph.<ref>As reported in, "A Fingerprint Fable: The Will and William West Case". {{cite web |url=http://www.scafo.org/library/110105.html |title=SCAFO Online Articles |access-date=2005-12-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051110105229/http://www.scafo.org/library/110105.html |archive-date=10 November 2005 }}</ref><ref name="Thompson 2007">Kirsten Moana Thompson, ''Crime Films: Investigating the Scene''. London: Wallflower Press (2007): 10</ref> Dissatisfied with the ''ad hoc'' methods used to identify captured criminals in France in the 1870s, he began his work on developing a reliable system of anthropometrics for human classification.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ginzburg|first=Carlo|author-link=Carlo Ginzburg|year=1984|chapter=Morelli, Freud, and Sherlock Holmes: Clues and Scientific Method|page=[https://archive.org/details/signthreedupinho00sebe/page/n118 105]|editor1-last=Eco|editor1-first=Umberto|editor1-link=Umberto Eco|editor2-last=Sebeok|editor2-first=Thomas|editor2-link=Thomas Sebeok|title=The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce|url=https://archive.org/details/signthreedupinho00sebe|url-access=limited|location=Bloomington, IN|publisher=History Workshop, Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0253352354|lccn=82049207|oclc=9412985}}</ref>

Bertillon created many other [[forensics]] techniques, including [[forensic document examination]], the use of [[galvanoplastic]] compounds to preserve [[footprint]]s, [[ballistics]], and the [[dynamometer]], used to determine the degree of force used in [[burglary|breaking and entering]]. Although his central methods were soon to be supplanted by [[fingerprinting]], "his other contributions like the [[mug shot]] and the systematization of crime-scene photography remain in place to this day."<ref name="Thompson 2007"/>