Editing Foreign relations of Namibia (section)

===Europe===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Finland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Finland–Namibia relations]]

Finland recognised Namibia on 21 March 1990.  Both countries established diplomatic relations on the same day, and Namibia was represented in Finland through its embassy in [[Stockholm]], Sweden. Since 2015 Namibia has an embassy in Helsinki. Finland has an embassy in Windhoek and an honorary consulate in [[Walvis Bay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17237&culture=en-US&contentlan=2|title=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Entering Finland and travelling abroad: Namibia|website=formin.finland.fi|language=en|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006035559/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17237&culture=en-US&contentlan=2|archive-date=6 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Finland has stated it is a staunch supporter of Namibian independence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=132602&nodeid=17430&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |title=A new phase beginning in cooperation between Finland and Namibia - Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Countries and regions: News |access-date=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310003514/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=132602&nodeid=17430&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |archive-date=10 March 2012 }}</ref> The Finnish Government has provided assistance in the sectors of forestry, water, environment and health.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finland.org.na/public/default.aspx?contentid=143774&nodeid=41050&contentlan=2&culture=en-US|title=The Chargée d'Affaires a.i. of Finland Mrs Seija Kinni-Huttunen ends her Tour of Duty 31 July 2008 - Embassy of Finland, Windhoek : Current Affairs : Embassy news|website=finland.org.na|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-date=25 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225092657/http://www.finland.org.na/public/default.aspx?contentid=143774&nodeid=41050&contentlan=2&culture=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> Namibia's exports to Finland increased from N$810 million in 2004 to over N$1 billion (approximately 90 million EUR) in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D13211%3Aexports-to-finland-exceed-n1-billion-mark-%26catid%3D539%3Ageneral-news%26Itemid%3D60 |title=Exports to Finland exceed N$1 billion mark |access-date=2009-05-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145649/http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13211%3Aexports-to-finland-exceed-n1-billion-mark-&catid=539%3Ageneral-news&Itemid=60 |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref>

In June 2008, Prime Minister of Namibia [[Nahas Angula]] visited Finland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=132328&nodeid=17430&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |title=Prime Minister of Namibia to visit Finland - Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Countries and regions: News |access-date=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310003529/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=132328&nodeid=17430&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |archive-date=10 March 2012 }}</ref>

* Finland has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Helsinki]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->||

* France has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Paris]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Germany–Namibia relations]]

First contacts between people of the two countries took place when German missionaries were hired by the [[London Missionary Society]] to commence working in Southern Namibia during the late 18th and early 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_E.htm |title=Ebner, Johann Leonhard |access-date=4 July 2009 |archive-date=15 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015021258/http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_E.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1880s the [[German Empire]] came to what is now Namibia as a colonizing power, creating [[German South-West Africa]]. The German colonial rule was marked by tensions and led to the [[Herero and Namaqua Genocide|genocide of the Herero and Namaqua people from 1904 to 1907]], which resulted in the deaths of 65,000 Herero (80 percent of the total Herero population), and 10,000 Nama (50% of the total Nama population). The colony was ruled by Germany until 1915 when it was conquered by troops from the [[Union of South Africa]].

During South African rule, German was one of the three official languages of Namibia, the others being [[Afrikaans]] and [[English language|English]]. Likewise during Apartheid rule, [[West Germany]] maintained a consulate in Windhoek despite United Nations resolutions calling for the isolation of South Africa.

Namibian independence in 1990 coincided with German reunification, resulting in an initially slow development of diplomatic relations. However, in both 1989 and 2004 the German government acknowledged its responsibility for Namibia as a priority partner country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bmz.de/en/countries/partnercountries/namibia/index.html |title=Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development - Namibia |access-date=15 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215090748/http://www.bmz.de/en/countries/partnercountries/namibia/index.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since then German Development minister [[Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul]] visited Namibia, asking the country for forgiveness of the past.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1298060,00.html|title=Germany Asks for Namibians' 'Forgiveness' {{!}} Germany {{!}} DW {{!}} 14.08.2004|last=(www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche Welle|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-date=15 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015000546/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1298060,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Today, not least due to substantially improved co-operation and exchange, as well as by fate of the permanent presence of the "[[German Namibians|German tribe in Namibia]]", the two countries have mostly learnt to a new dialogue, which at times also still stagnates.

* Germany has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Berlin]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}||<!--Date started-->||
On 21 December 2011 [[North Macedonia]] and Namibia established diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level when the Ambassadors of both countries to the UN, Pajo Avirovic and [[Wilfried Emvula]] respectively, signed the joint communiqué. With the establishment of diplomatic relations, Namibia [[Macedonia naming dispute|recognised Macedonia under its constitutional name]] the 'Republic of Macedonia' as opposed to its provisional name the 'former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia'; in doing so Namibia became the 133 country to recognise Macedonia's constitutional name.<ref name="Namibia and Macedonia Establish Diplomatic Ties">{{cite news|title=Namibia and Macedonia Establish Diplomatic Ties under Constitutional name|url=http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/19917/45/|access-date=22 December 2011|date=21 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525080144/http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/19917/45/|archive-date=25 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* North Macedonia does not have an accreditation to Namibia.
* Namibia is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Poland relations]]
* Namibia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, and there is an honorary consulate of Namibia in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Namibia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Portugal has an embassy in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Russia relations]]

Relations between Namibia and Russia were considered "excellent" in 2006 by then-Namibian Minister of Education [[Nangolo Mbumba]], while Russia expressed a desire for even stronger relations, particularly in the economic field. Also in 2006, the Namibia-Russia Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation was officially opened during a visit by Russian Natural Resources Minister [[Yuri Trutnev]] to [[Windhoek]]. During said visit, the Minister said Russia was interested in investing in oil, hydro-electric power and tourism.<ref>[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200607/28/eng20060728_287595.html Russia urges more trade with mineral-rich Namibia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191710/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200607/28/eng20060728_287595.html |date=29 October 2013 }} People's Daily, 28 July 2006</ref> In 2007, Russian Prime Minister [[Mikhail Fradkov]] held discussions with Namibian Deputy Prime Minister [[Nahas Angula]] and President [[Hifikepunye Pohamba]] in regards to the possibility of developing Namibia's significant uranium deposits with an aim towards creating a nuclear power plant in the country.<ref>[https://archive.today/20110711003232/http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx?Nav=ns&ArticleID=1518-25_2085428 Russia, Namibia in nuke talks] Fin24.com, 18 March 2007</ref> In 2008, Trutnev returned to Namibia, this time to [[Swakopmund]], to meet at the third annual Intergovernmental Commission. Top foreign ministry official [[Marco Hausiku]] and his deputy [[Lempy Lucas]] represented Namibia in discussions with Trutnev.<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/2008/November/marketplace/083FB873A5.html Russian minist in trade talks with Nam] The Namibian, 28 November 2008 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

* Namibia has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}}||<!--Date started-->1990||
Diplomatic relations between Namibia and Serbia were officially established in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12333-namibia|title=Namibia|website=mfa.gov.rs|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-04-17|archive-date=21 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421151418/http://mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12333-namibia|url-status=dead}}</ref> Serbia, then part of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], provided education, training, and financial support for [[SWAPO]] members during the entirety of the [[South African Border War]], and the two countries have shared close relations ever since.<ref>Bott, Sandra, and Jussi Hanhimaki. Neutrality and Neutralism in the Global Cold War: between or within the Blocs? ROUTLEDGE, 2017.</ref> During the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]] in 1999, Namibia, which was then on the UN Security Council, voted with Russia and China for an immediate cessation of NATO attacks. Namibia also strongly supports the Serbian position on the [[International recognition of Kosovo|Kosovo dispute]].<ref>[http://www.srbija.gov.rs/vesti/vest.php?id=68561 Namibia will not recognise unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905160129/http://www.srbija.gov.rs/vesti/vest.php?id=68561 |date=5 September 2012 }}, Serbian Government, 2010-09-02</ref>
* Namibia is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
* Serbia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Spain relations]]

* Namibia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Spain has an embassy in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Sweden relations]]

* Namibia has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
* Sweden is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Switzerland}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Namibia has an embassy in [[Geneva]].
* Switzerland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1990||See [[Namibia–United Kingdom relations]]
Namibia established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] in 1990.
*Namibia maintains a [[High Commission of Namibia, London|high commission]] in London.
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Namibia through its [[British High Commission|high commission]] in [[Windhoek]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-windhoek|title=British High Commission Windhoek|website=GOV.UK|access-date=31 July 2024|archive-date=14 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514001642/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-windhoek|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], the [[International Criminal Court]], and the [[World Trade Organization]], as well as the [[Economic Partnership Agreements|SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bavier|first=Joe|date=11 September 2019|title=Britain agrees post-Brexit trade deal with southern Africa|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218025328/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5/|archive-date=18 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Namibia has a high commission in [[London]].
* United Kingdom has a high commission in Windhoek.
|}