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==== Internal ==== The main groups of living angiosperms are:<ref>{{cite journal |last=Guo |first=Xing |title=Chloranthus genome provides insights into the early diversification of angiosperms |journal=Nature Communications |date=26 November 2021 |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=6930 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26922-4 |pmid=34836973 |pmc=8626473 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6930G |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{sfn|APG|2016}} {{barlabel |size=20 |at1=4 |label1=[[Basal angiosperms]] |at2=14 |label2=[[Core angiosperms]] |cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:100% |label1=''' Angiosperms ''' |1={{clade |1=[[Amborellales]] [[File:Amborella trichopoda.jpg|70px]] 1 sp. [[New Caledonia]] shrub |barbegin1=red |2={{clade |1=[[Nymphaeales]] [[File:2007 nymphaea lotus.jpg|70px]] c. 80 spp.<ref name="Palmer-2004">{{cite journal |last1=Palmer |first1=Jeffrey D. |last2=Soltis |first2=Douglas E. |last3=Chase |first3=Mark W. |title=The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=1437β45 |date=October 2004 |pmid=21652302 |doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1437 |doi-access=free }}, [https://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1437/F2 Figure 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202073937/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1437/F2 |date=2 February 2011 }}</ref> [[Nymphaeaceae|water lilies]] & allies |bar1=red |2={{clade |1=[[Austrobaileyales]] [[File:Schisandra rubriflora.jpg|70px]] c. 100 spp.<ref name="Palmer-2004"/> woody plants |barend1=red |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Magnoliids]] [[File:Magnolia obovata 02.jpg|70px]] c. 10,000 spp.<ref name="Palmer-2004"/> [[merosity|3-part]] flowers, 1-pore pollen, usu. branch-veined leaves |barbegin1=green |2=[[Chloranthales]] [[File:Sarcandra_glabra2.jpg|70px]] 77 spp.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J. M. |last2=Fay |first2=Michael F. |last3=Chase |first3=Mark W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLo7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |title=Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants |isbn=978-0-226-52292-0 |page=114 |date=2017 |publisher=University of Chicago Press }}</ref> Woody, apetalous |bar2=green }} |2={{clade |1=[[Monocots]] [[File:White orchid in Clara bog. 03.jpg|45px]] c. 70,000 spp.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Massoni |first1=Julien |last2=Couvreur |first2=Thomas L.P. |last3=Sauquet |first3=HervΓ© |date=2015-03-18 |title=Five major shifts of diversification through the long evolutionary history of Magnoliidae (angiosperms) |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=49 |doi=10.1186/s12862-015-0320-6 |pmc=4377182 |pmid=25887386 |bibcode=2015BMCEE..15...49M |doi-access=free }}</ref> 3-part flowers, 1 [[cotyledon]], 1-pore pollen, usu. parallel-veined leaves |bar1=green |2={{clade |1=[[Ceratophyllales]] [[File:CeratophyllumSubmersum.jpg|70px]] c. 6 spp.<ref name="Palmer-2004"/> [[aquatic plant]]s |bar1=green |2=[[Eudicots]] [[File:Senecio_angulatus_003.jpg|70px]] c. 175,000 spp.<ref name="Palmer-2004"/> 4- or 5-part flowers, 3-pore pollen, usu. branch-veined leaves |barend2=green }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <!------------------- collapsible element containing large cladogram of APG IV phylogeny ---------------> {|class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; border:solid 1px #aaa" |- ! style="background:#F0F2F5" |Detailed [[cladogram]] of the 2016 [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] (APG) IV classification.{{sfn|APG|2016}} |- | {{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:80% |label1='''Angiosperms''' |1={{clade |1=[[Amborellales]] <small>Melikyan, Bobrov & Zaytzeva 1999</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Nymphaeales]] <small>Salisbury ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Austrobaileyales]] <small>Takhtajan ex Reveal 1992</small> |label2=[[Mesangiosperms]] |2={{clade |1=[[Chloranthales]] <small>Mart. 1835</small> |2={{clade |label1=[[Magnoliids]] <!--insert dummy clade for spacing--> |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Canellales]] <small>Cronquist 1957</small> |2=[[Piperales]] <small>von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> }} |2={{clade |1=[[Magnoliales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2=[[Laurales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> }} }} }} |3={{clade |1={{clade |label1=[[Monocots]] <!--insert dummy clade--> |1={{clade |1=[[Acorales]] <small>Link 1835</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Alismatales]] <small>Brown ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Petrosaviales]] <small>Takhtajan 1997</small> |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Dioscoreales]] <small>Brown 1835</small> |2=[[Pandanales]] <small>Brown ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> }} |2={{clade |1=[[Liliales]] <small>Perleb 1826</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Asparagales]] <small>Link 1829</small> |label2=[[Commelinids]] |2={{clade |1=[[Arecales]] <small>Bromhead 1840</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Poales]] <small>Small 1903</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Zingiberales]] <small>Grisebach 1854</small> |2=[[Commelinales]] <small>de Mirbel ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Ceratophyllales]] <small>Link 1829</small> |label2=[[Eudicots]] |2=EUDICOTS <!--target keyword that will be substituted by Eudicot subtree (see below)--> }} }} }} }} }} }} |targetA=EUDICOTS |subcladeA= {{clade |1=[[Ranunculales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Proteales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Trochodendrales]] <small>Takhtajan ex Cronquist 1981</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Buxales]] <small>Takhtajan ex Reveal 1996</small> |label2=[[Core eudicots]] |2={{clade |1=[[Gunnerales]] <small>Takhtajan ex Reveal 1992</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Dilleniales]] <small>de Candolle ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |label2=[[Superrosids]] |2=SUPERROSIDS |label3=[[Superasterids]] |3=SUPERASTERIDS }} }} }} }} }} }} |targetB=SUPERROSIDS |subcladeB= {{clade |1=[[Saxifragales]] <small>von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |label2=[[Rosids]] |2={{clade |1=[[Vitales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |label1=Fabids |sublabel1=(eurosids I) |1={{clade |1=[[Zygophyllales]] <small>Link 1829</small> |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Celastrales]] <small>Link 1829</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Oxalidales]] <small>von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2=[[Malpighiales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> }} }} |2={{clade |1=[[Fabales]] <small>Bromhead 1838</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Rosales]] <small>von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Cucurbitales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2=[[Fagales]] <small>Engler 1892</small> }} }} }} }} }} |label2=Malvids |sublabel2=(eurosids II) |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Geraniales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2=[[Myrtales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> }} |2={{clade |1=[[Crossosomatales]] <small>Takhtajan ex Reveal 1993</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Picramniales]] <small>Doweld 2001</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Sapindales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Huerteales]] <small>Doweld 2001</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Malvales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2=[[Brassicales]] <small>Bromhead 1838</small> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |targetC=SUPERASTERIDS |subcladeC= {{clade |1=[[Berberidopsidales]] <small>Doweld 2001</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Santalales]] <small>Brown ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Caryophyllales]] |label2=[[Asterids]] |2={{clade |1=[[Cornales]] <small>Link 1829</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Ericales]] <small>von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2={{clade |label1=Lamiids |sublabel1=(euasterids I) |1={{clade |1=[[Icacinales]] <small>Van Tieghem 1900</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Metteniusales]] <small>Takhtajan 1997</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Garryales]] <small>Mart. 1835</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Gentianales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |2=[[Solanales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |3=[[Boraginales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> |4=[[Vahliales]] <small>Doweld 2001</small> |5=[[Lamiales]] <small>Bromhead 1838</small> }} }} }} }} |label2=Campanulids |sublabel2=(euasterids II) |2={{clade |1=[[Aquifoliales]] <small>Senft 1856</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Escalloniales]] <small>Mart. 1835</small> |2=[[Asterales]] <small>Link 1829</small> |3={{clade |1=[[Bruniales]] <small>Dumortier 1829</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Apiales]] <small>Nakai 1930</small> |2={{clade |1=[[Paracryphiales]] <small>Takhtajan ex Reveal 1992</small> |2=[[Dipsacales]] <small>de Jussieu ex von Berchtold & Presl 1820</small> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |} In 2024, Alexandre R. Zuntini and colleagues constructed a tree of some 6,000 flowering plant genera, representing some 60% of the existing genera, on the basis of analysis of 353 nuclear genes in each specimen. Much of the existing phylogeny is confirmed; the [[Rosidae|rosid]] phylogeny is revised.<ref name="Zuntini-2024">{{cite journal |last1=Zuntini |first1=Alexandre R. |last2=Carruthers |first2=Tom |last3=Maurin |first3=Olivier |last4=Bailey |first4=Paul C. |last5=Leempoel |first5=Kevin |last6=Brewer |first6=Grace E. |display-authors=etal <!-- 279 authors--> |title=Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |date=24 April 2024 |volume=629 |issue=8013 |pages=843β850 |issn=0028-0836 |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0|pmid=38658746 |pmc=11111409 |bibcode=2024Natur.629..843Z }}<!--images are CC-by-SA--></ref> [[File:Tree of Angiosperm Phylogeny 2024.jpg|thumb|center|upright=3|Tree of Angiosperm phylogeny 2024]]
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