Editing Flood (section)

===Downslope factors===
Water flowing downhill ultimately encounters downstream conditions slowing movement. The final limitation in coastal flooding lands is often the [[ocean]] or some coastal flooding bars which form natural [[lake]]s. In flooding low lands, elevation changes such as tidal fluctuations are significant determinants of coastal and estuarine flooding. Less predictable events like tsunamis and [[storm surge]]s may also cause elevation changes in large bodies of water. Elevation of flowing water is controlled by the geometry of the flow channel and, especially, by depth of channel, speed of flow and amount of sediments in it<ref name="Simon" /> Flow channel restrictions like bridges and canyons tend to control water elevation above the restriction. The actual control point for any given reach of the drainage may change with changing water elevation, so a closer point may control for lower water levels until a more distant point controls at higher water levels.

Effective flood channel geometry may be changed by growth of vegetation, accumulation of ice or debris, or construction of bridges, buildings, or levees within the flood channel.

Periodic floods occur on many rivers, forming a surrounding region known as the [[flood plain]]. Even when rainfall is relatively light, the [[shoreline]]s of lakes and bays can be flooded by severe winds—such as during [[Tropical cyclone|hurricanes]]—that blow water into the shore areas.