Editing Etruscan language (section)

==== Anatolian Indo-European family hypothesis ====
Some have suggested that Tyrsenian languages may yet be distantly related to early [[Indo-European languages]], such as those of the [[Anatolian languages|Anatolian branch]].<ref>For example, Steinbauer (1999), Rodríguez Adrados (2005).</ref> More recently, [[Robert S. P. Beekes]] argued in 2002 that the people later known as the Lydians and Etruscans had originally lived in northwest [[Anatolia]], with a coastline to the [[Sea of Marmara]], whence they were driven by the [[Phrygians]] ''circa'' 1200 BC, leaving a remnant known in antiquity as the [[Tiras|Tyrsenoi]]. A segment of this people moved south-west to [[Lydia]], becoming known as the [[Lydian language|Lydians]], while others sailed away to take refuge in Italy, where they became known as Etruscans.<ref>Beekes, Robert S. P.[http://www.knaw.nl/Content/Internet_KNAW/publicaties/pdf/20021051.pdf "The Origin of the Etruscans"]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117190941/http://www.knaw.nl/Content/Internet_KNAW/publicaties/pdf/20021051.pdf|date=2012-01-17}}. In: ''Biblioteca Orientalis'' '''59''' (2002), 206–242.</ref> This account draws on the well-known story by [[Herodotus]] (I, 94) of the Lydian origin of the Etruscans or Tyrrhenians, famously rejected by [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]] (book I), partly on the authority of Xanthus, a Lydian historian, who had no knowledge of the story, and partly on what he judged to be the different languages, laws, and religions of the two peoples. In 2006, Frederik Woudhuizen went further on Herodotus' traces, suggesting that Etruscan belongs to the [[Anatolian languages|Anatolian]] branch of the Indo-European family, specifically to [[Luwian]].<ref name="luwianseapeoples">{{cite book |last=Woudhuizen |first=Frederik Christiaan |url=http://repub.eur.nl/res/pub/7686/Woudhuizen%20bw.pdf |title=The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples |publisher=Erasmus Universiteit |year=2006 |location=Rotterdam |page=139}}</ref> Woudhuizen revived a [[Etruscan origins#Historical claims of allochthonous (outside) origin|conjecture]] to the effect that the Tyrsenians came from [[Anatolia]], including [[Lydia]], whence they were driven by the [[Cimmerians]] in the early Iron Age, 750–675 BC, leaving some colonists on [[Lemnos]]. He makes a number of comparisons of Etruscan to [[Luwian]] and asserts that Etruscan is modified Luwian. He accounts for the non-Luwian features as a [[Mysia]]n influence: "deviations from Luwian [...] may plausibly be ascribed to the dialect of the indigenous population of Mysia."<ref>Woudhuizen 2006 p. 86</ref> According to Woudhuizen, the Etruscans were initially colonizing the Latins, bringing the alphabet from Anatolia. For historical, archaeological, genetic, and linguistic reasons, a relationship between Etruscan and the Indo-European Anatolian languages (Lydian or Luwian) and the idea that the Etruscans initially colonized the Latins, bringing the alphabet from Anatolia, have not been accepted, since the account by Herodotus is no longer considered reliable.<ref name="Wallace2010" /><ref name=Posth2021/><ref name=Barker>{{cite book |last1=Barker |first1=Graeme |author-link1= Graeme Barker|last2=Rasmussen |first2=Tom |author-link2=Tom Rasmussen |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |author-mask3= |author-mask4= |author-mask5= |name-list-style= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |display-translators= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |year=2000 |orig-year= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapter-format= |display-editors= |title=The Etruscans |script-title= |trans-title= |url-status= |url-access= |series= The Peoples of Europe|location=Oxford |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |page=44 |no-pp= |isbn=978-0-631-22038-1 }}</ref><ref name=Turfa2017>{{cite book |last1=Turfa|first1= Jean MacIntosh |author-link1=Jean MacIntosh Turfa|year= 2017|chapter= The Etruscans|editor1-last= Farney|editor1-first=Gary D. |editor2-last=Bradley |editor2-first=Gary |title=The Peoples of Ancient Italy |location=Berlin |publisher= De Gruyter|pages=637–672 |doi=10.1515/9781614513001 |isbn=978-1-61451-520-3 }}</ref><ref name=DeGrummond2014>{{cite book |last1= De Grummond |first1=Nancy T.|author-link1= Nancy Thomson de Grummond|year=2014 |chapter=Ethnicity and the Etruscans|editor1-last=McInerney |editor1-first=Jeremy |title=A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean |location=Chichester, UK |publisher= John Wiley & Sons, Inc |pages=405–422 |doi=10.1002/9781118834312 |isbn=978-1-4443-3734-1 }}</ref><ref name=Shipley2017>{{cite book |last1=Shipley |first1=Lucy |year= 2017|chapter=Where is home? |title= The Etruscans: Lost Civilizations|location=London |publisher=Reaktion Books |pages=28–46 |isbn=978-1-78023-862-3 }}</ref>