Editing Enema (section)

====== Single substance solutions ======
{{Expand section|date=March 2019}}

''In alphabetical order''

* [[Peanut oil|Arachis oil (peanut oil)]] enema is useful for softening stools which are impacted higher than the rectum.<ref name="NHS_Laxativives">{{cite web |url=http://www.nhsgrampian.org/nhsgrampian/GJF_general_new.jsp;jsessionid=9D853EB1A4631954DC26F785F611F2B1?pContentID=4659&p_applic=CCC&pElementID=522&pMenuID=7&p_service=Content.show& |title=NHS Grampian Medicines Management – Laxatives |date=2011 |work=NHS Grampian Campaign |publisher=National Health Service |access-date=4 March 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Bisacodyl]] stimulates [[enteric nervous system|enteric nerves]] to cause colonic contractions.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/14356007.a15_183 |chapter=Laxatives |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |year=2000 |last1=Engelhorn |first1=Robert |last2=Seeger |first2=Ernst |last3=Zwaving |first3=Jan H. |isbn=3527306730 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=324e61eb-8f6b-48d7-85c2-b1b5642691c9 |title=Label: FLEET- bisacodyl enema |access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref>
* [[Dantron]] is a stimulant drug and stool softener<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-1-4377-1015-1.00018-7 |chapter=Constipation during active cancer therapy |title=Supportive Oncology |year=2011 |last1=Sykes |first1=Nigel P. |pages=177–186 |isbn=9781437710151 }}</ref> used alone or in combinations in enemas.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A06AG&showdescription=yes |title=A06AG Enemas |date=13 December 2018 |work=WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref> Considered to be a [[carcinogen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/listings/index.html?substance=Danthron |title=Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition |date=November 2016 |work=Report on Carcinogens |publisher=National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) |access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref> its use is limited, e.g., restricted in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] to patients who already have a diagnosis of terminal cancer and not used at all in the [[United States|USA]].
* [[Docusate#Constipation|Docusate]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/medicine-management/docusate-sodium-18-12-2004/ |title=Docusate sodium|date=18 December 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.drugs.com/cdi/colace-microenema.html|title=Colace Microenema: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings|website=Drugs.com}}</ref>
* Glycerol has a hyperosmotic effect and can be used as a small-volume (2–10&nbsp;ml) enema (or suppository).<ref name="Glycerol" />
* [[Mineral oil]] is used as a lubricant because most of the ingested material is excreted in the stool rather than absorbed by the body.<ref name="food">{{Cite web |title=206. Food-grade mineral oil (FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 48a) |url=https://inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v48aje08.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806023007/http://inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v48aje08.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 August 2007 |website=inchem.org}}</ref>
* [[Sodium phosphates#Uses|Sodium phosphate]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.drugs.com/cdi/sodium-phosphates-enema.html |title=Sodium Phosphates Enema |access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a614018.html |title=Sodium Phosphate Rectal |access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref> Also known by the brand name Fleet. Available at drugstores; usually self-administered. [[buffer solution|Buffered]] sodium phosphate solution draws additional water from the bloodstream into the colon to increase the effectiveness of the enema. But it can irritate the colon, causing intense cramping or "griping."<ref>{{cite web |title=Fleet Enema Side Effects |url=https://www.drugs.com/sfx/fleet-enema-side-effects.html |website=www.drugs.com |publisher=Drugs.com |access-date=July 12, 2021}}</ref> Fleet enemas usually cause a bowel movement in 1 to 5 minutes. Known [[Sodium phosphates#Adverse effects|adverse effects]].
* [[Sorbitol#Laxative|Sorbitol]] pulls water into the large intestines, causing distention, stimulating the bowels' normal forward movement. Sorbitol is found in some dried fruits and may contribute to the laxative effects of prunes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis |first1=Maria |last2=Bowen |first2=Phyllis E. |last3=Hussain |first3=Erum A. |last4=Damayanti-Wood |first4=Bernadette I. |last5=Farnsworth |first5=Norman R. |title=Chemical Composition and Potential Health Effects of Prunes: A Functional Food? |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |date=July 2001 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=251–286 |doi=10.1080/20014091091814 |pmid=11401245 |s2cid=31159565 }}</ref> and is available for taking orally as a laxative.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CDG/content/CDG_sorbitol.asp |title=ACS :: Cancer Drug Guide: sorbitol |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630001051/http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CDG/content/CDG_sorbitol.asp |archive-date=2007-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-10305/sorbitol/details |title = Drugs & Medications}}</ref> As an enema for constipation, the recommended adult dose is 120 mL of 25-30% solution, administered once.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reference.medscape.com/drug/sorbitol-342033|title= Sorbitol| access-date=3 March 2019}}</ref> Note that Sorbitol is an ingredient of the MICROLAX Enema.