Editing Emotion (section)

=== Multi-dimensional analysis theory ===
[[File:Geneva Emotion Wheel - English.png|alt=Sorting emotions into unpleasant-pleasant and activated-calm.|thumb|330px|Two dimensions of emotions, made accessible for practical use<ref>{{citation|last1=Scherer|first1=Klaus R.|title=The GRID meets the Wheel: Assessing emotional feeling via self-report1|year=2013|work=Components of Emotional Meaning|pages=281–298|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199592746|last2=Shuman|first2=Vera|last3=Fontaine|first3=Johnny R. J.|last4=Soriano|first4=Cristina|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199592746.003.0019|url=https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:97384|access-date=20 December 2019|archive-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129140826/https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:97384|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Psychologists have used methods such as [[factor analysis]] to attempt to map emotion-related responses onto a more limited number of dimensions. Such methods attempt to boil emotions down to underlying dimensions that capture the similarities and differences between experiences.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Measurement of Meaning|last1=Osgood|first1=Charles Egerton|last2=Suci|first2=George J.|last3=Tannenbaum|first3=Percy H.|name-list-style=vanc|date=1957|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0252745393|location=Urbana, Illinois}}{{page needed|date=July 2021}}</ref> Often, the first two dimensions uncovered by factor analysis are [[valence (psychology)|valence]] (how negative or positive the experience feels) and [[arousal]] (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map.<ref name="Schacter" /> This two-dimensional map has been theorized to capture one important component of emotion called [[theory of constructed emotion#Core affect|core affect]].<ref name="Barrett and Russell">{{cite journal|vauthors=Russell JA, Barrett LF|title=Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: dissecting the elephant|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|volume=76|issue=5|pages=805–819|date=May 1999|pmid=10353204|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.805 }}</ref><ref name="Russell 2003">{{cite journal|vauthors=Russell JA|title=Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion|journal=Psychological Review|volume=110|issue=1|pages=145–172|date=January 2003|pmid=12529060|doi=10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.145|citeseerx=10.1.1.320.6245 |s2cid=2890641 }}</ref> Core affect is not theorized to be the only component to emotion, but to give the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.

Using statistical methods to analyze emotional states elicited by short videos, Cowen and Keltner identified 27 varieties of emotional experience: admiration, adoration, aesthetic appreciation, amusement, anger, anxiety, awe, awkwardness, boredom, calmness, confusion, craving, disgust, empathic pain, entrancement, excitement, fear, horror, interest, joy, nostalgia, relief, romance, sadness, satisfaction, sexual desire, and surprise.<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors=Cowen AS, Keltner D|title=Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=114|number=38|pages=E7900–7909|year=2017|doi=10.1073/pnas.1702247114|doi-access=free|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|pmid=28874542|pmc=5617253|bibcode=2017PNAS..114E7900C |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>