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== Data == === Gross domestic product (GDP) === {{See also|List of Pakistani provinces by gross domestic product}}The table below displays key economic indicators from 1980 to 2024. Inflation rates below 5% are highlighted in green.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=World Economic Outlook database: October 2024 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=564,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,LUR,GGXWDG_NGDP,&sy=1980&ey=2024&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=imf.org}}</ref> {| class="wikitable mw-datatable" style="white-space:nowrap;" |- ! Year !GDP <small>(Billion US$ PPP)</small> !GDP per capita <small>(US$ PPP)</small> !GDP <small>(Billion US$ nominal)</small> !GDP per capita <small>(US$ nominal)</small> ! style="text-align:center"| GDP growth <small>(Real)</small> ! style="text-align:center"| Inflation rate <small>(Percent)</small> !Unemployment <small>(Percent)</small> ! style="text-align:center"| Government debt <small>(% of GDP)</small> |- !1980 | style="text-align:center" |74.9 | style="text-align:center" |950.0 | style="text-align:center" |38.6 | style="text-align:center" |418.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}11.9% | style="text-align:center" |n/a | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1981 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}87.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,072.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}45.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}481.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}11.9% | style="text-align:center" |n/a | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1982 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}99.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,190.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}49.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}511.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}7.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5.9% | style="text-align:center" |n/a | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1983 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}110.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,283.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}46.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}463.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.4% | style="text-align:center" |3.9% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1984 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}118.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,345.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}50.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}489.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}3.8% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1985 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}133.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,468.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}50.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}476.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}8.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}3.7% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1986 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}144.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,551.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}51.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}475.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.5% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}3.3% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1987 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}156.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,638.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}54.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}483.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}3.1% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1988 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}172.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,759.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}62.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}543.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}8.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}3.1% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1989 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}188.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,868.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}65.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}552.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}7.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}3.1% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1990 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}204.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,970.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}65.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}538.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}9.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}3.1% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1991 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}222.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,094.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}74.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}598.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}12.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5.9% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1992 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}244.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,211.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}79.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}614.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}7.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}5.9% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1993 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}255.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,252.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}83.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}633.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}9.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}4.7% | style="text-align:center" |n/a |- !1994 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}272.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,341.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}84.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}622.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}11.3% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}4.8% | style="text-align:center" |64.8% |- !1995 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}291.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,449.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}98.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}709.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}13.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}58.0% |- !1996 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}316.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,594.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}103.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}723.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}10.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}5.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}58.2% |- !1997 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}327.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,620.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}101.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}696.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}12.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}58.5% |- !1998 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}343.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,678.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}101.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}677.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.5% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}5.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}59.5% |- !1999 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}362.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,765.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}96.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}626.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}5.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}67.2% |- !2000 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}385.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,855.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}99.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}630.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}7.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}68.4% |- !2001 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}408.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,916.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}96.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}602.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}7.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}72.2% |- !2002 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}425.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2,995.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}98.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}593.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.5% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}8.3% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}67.6% |- !2003 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}456.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3,119.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}112.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}666.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}8.3% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}62.7% |- ! 2004 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}504.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3,376.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}132.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}767.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}7.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}7.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}56.3% |- ! 2005 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}561.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3,722.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}145.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}842.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}7.5% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}9.3% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}7.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}52.3% |- ! 2006 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}612.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3,986.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}161.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}961.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}7.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}6.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}48.4% |- ! 2007 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}660.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4,244.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}184.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,048.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5.5% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}7.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}5.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}47.1% |- ! 2008 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}703.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4,362.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}202.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,124.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}12.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}5.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}51.9% |- ! 2009 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}715.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}4,240.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}187.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}1,186.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}0.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}19.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5.5% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}52.8% |- ! 2010 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}740.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4,283.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}196.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}1,122.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}10.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}54.5% |- ! 2011 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}779.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4,403.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}230.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,325.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}13.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}6.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}52.8% |- ! 2012 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}819.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4,516.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}250.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,364.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}11.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}6.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}56.7% |- ! 2013 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}865.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4,655.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}258.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,378.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}7.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}6.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}57.9% |- ! 2014 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}912.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4,786.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}271.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,428.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 8.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}6.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}57.1% |- ! 2015 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}955.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4,893.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}299.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,550.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.5% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}5.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}57.0% |- ! 2016 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,004.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5,016.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}313.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,566.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}5.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}60.8% |- ! 2017 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,069.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5,212.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}339.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,653.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}4.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}5.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}60.9% |- ! 2018 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,130 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5,387.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}356.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,698.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}5.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}64.8% |- ! 2019 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,162.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5,434.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}321.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}1,500.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}3.1% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}77.5% |- !2020 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,186.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}5,435.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}300.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}1,376.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}-0.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}10.7% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}6.6% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}79.6% |- !2021 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,285.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5,774.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}348.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,565.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}5.8% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}8.9% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}6.3% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}73.5% |- !2022 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,462.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6,440.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}374.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1651.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}12.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}6.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}76.2% |- !2023 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,511.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6,530.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}337.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}1,458.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}-0.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}29.2% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}8.5% | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}77.3% |- !2024 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,584.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}6,715.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}374.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}1,587.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}2.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{increasenegative}}23.4% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}8.0% | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}69.2% |} === Stock market === {{Main|Pakistan Stock Exchange}} [[File:Islamabad Stock Exchange Bull.JPG|thumb|Statue of a bull outside the [[Islamabad Stock Exchange]]]] In the first four years of the twenty-first century, Pakistan's [[KSE 100 Index]] was declared the best-performing [[stock market index]] in the world by the international magazine "Business Week".<ref name="dailynews.lk">{{cite news|last=Shirajiv|first=Sirimane|title=Pakistan-Sri Lanka trade zooming to US$ one billion mark|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/05/23/fin03.asp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130703021733/http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/05/23/fin03.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 July 2013|access-date=23 May 2007}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} The stock market capitalization of listed companies in Pakistan was valued at $5,937 million in 2005 by the [[World Bank]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20394793~menuPK:1192714~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html |title=Data β Finance |publisher=Web.worldbank.org |access-date=29 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405102322/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20394793~menuPK%3A1192714~pagePK%3A64133150~piPK%3A64133175~theSitePK%3A239419%2C00.html |archive-date=5 April 2010 }}</ref> On 11 January 2016, with the aim of reducing market fragmentation and creating a strong case for attracting strategic partnerships necessary for providing technological expertise, all three stock exchanges, including Karachi Stock Exchange, Lahore Stock Exchange, and Islamabad Stock Exchange, were inducted into a unified [[Pakistan Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1232253|title=Pakistan Stock Exchange formally launched Index |date=11 January 2016 |access-date=12 September 2017|work=Dawn News}}</ref> In May 2017, the American provider of stock market indexes and analysis tools, [[MSCI]], confirmed that the [[Pakistan Stock Exchange]] (PSX) had been reclassified from Frontier Markets to Emerging Markets in its semi-annual index review.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1333488|title=Market dips as MSCI reclassifies PSX to Emerging Markets Index|date=16 May 2017 |access-date=12 September 2017|work=Dawn News}}</ref> The Pakistan Stock Exchange also successfully navigated through the initial COVID-19 induced economic downturn and earned the title of being the 'best Asian stock market and fourth best-performing market across the world in 2020.' The PSE-100 index continued to climb throughout the year. Nearly 40 percent growth in the PSE-100 Index in FY 2021 was driven by the government's large stimulus package, the central bank's stable policy rate, an uptick in large scale manufacturing, improvement in external accounts, and reforms introduced by the [[Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan]] (SECP) and PSX in the wake of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan economic survey|url=https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_21/06-Capital%20markets.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=3 September 2021|website=Finance Division|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610225502/http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_21/06-Capital%20markets.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2021 }}</ref> PSX 100 index growth rate<ref name="finance.gov.pk">{{cite web |title=Social Indicators |url=https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_24/social_indicators.pdf |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Finance Division}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! List ! FY 2008 ! FY 2009 ! FY 2010 ! FY 2011 ! FY 2012 ! FY 2013 ! FY 2014 ! FY 2015 ! FY 2016 ! FY 2017 ! FY 2018 ! FY 2019 ! FY 2020 ! FY 2021 ! FY 2022 !FY 2023 !FY 2024 |- |<small>'''PSX 100 index growth %'''</small> | style="text-align:center" | {{decrease}} -10.8 | style="text-align:center" | {{decrease}} -41.7 | style="text-align:center" | {{increase}} 35.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 28.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 10.4 | style="text-align:center" | {{increase}} 52.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 41.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 16.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 9.8 | style="text-align:center" | {{increase}} 23.2 | style="text-align:center" | {{decrease}}-10.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}-19.1 | style="text-align:center" | {{increase}} 1.5 | style="text-align:center" | {{increase}} 37.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} -12.3 |{{decrease}} -0.2 |{{increase}} 61.6 |} The sales of all non-financial companies surged to Rs 16,815 billion in the fiscal year 2023, marking a substantial increase of Rs 1,864 billion compared to the preceding year. However, the [[net profit margin]] of all companies declined to 5.98% in FY23 from 6.34% in FY22. [[Return on assets]] (ROA) and [[return on equity]] (ROE) of all companies also dropped to 6.05 percent and 17.76 percent respectively in FY23. The key statistics for the last six years of all public and private non-financial companies listed at the [[Pakistan Stock Exchange]] are provided in the following table:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Statements Analysis (Non-financial Companies) |url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/reports/annual/FSANFC/2023/PDF/Complete.pdf |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=sbp.org.pk}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Financial analysis of companies (non-financial) (billion rupees) !List !2018 !2019 !2020 !2021 !2022 !2023 |- |Total assets |{{increase}} 8,811 |{{increase}} 10,097 |{{increase}} 10,755 |{{increase}} 12,201 |{{increase}} 15,685 |{{increase}} 17,549 |- |Total liabilities |{{IncreaseNegative}} 5,574 |{{IncreaseNegative}} 6,610 |{{IncreaseNegative}} 7,029 |{{IncreaseNegative}} 7,869 |{{increase}} 10,568 |{{increase}} 11,346 |- |Total sales |{{increase}} 7,662 |{{increase}} 8,811 |{{decrease}} 7,999 |{{increase}} 9,437 |{{increase}} 14,568 |{{increase}} 16,815 |- |Profit before tax |{{increase}} 608 |{{decrease}} 612 |{{decrease}} 480 |{{increase}} 1,011 |{{increase}} 1,439 |{{increase}} 1,624 |- |Profit after tax |{{decrease}} 427 |{{decrease}} 413 |{{decrease}} 320 |{{increase}} 749 |{{increase}} 924 |{{increase}} 1,005 |- ! colspan="5" |'''%''' ! ! |- |Net profit margin |{{decrease}} 5.57 |{{decrease}} 4.68 |{{decrease}} 4.00 |{{increase}} 7.93 |{{decrease}} 6.34 |{{decrease}} 5.98 |- |Return on assets |{{increase}} 5.19 |{{decrease}} 4.36 |{{decrease}} 3.07 |{{increase}} 6.52 |{{increase}} 6.63 |{{decrease}} 6.05 |- |Return on equity |{{decrease}} 13.65 |{{decrease}} 12.27 |{{decrease}} 8.87 |{{increase}} 18.59 |{{increase}} 19.56 |{{decrease}} 17.76 |- |Earnings per share |{{decrease}} 4.43 |{{decrease}} 4.17 |{{decrease}} 3.15 |{{increase}} 7.07 |{{increase}} 8.31 |{{increase}}8.32 |} === Middle class === {{See also|Labour force of Pakistan}} [[File:Office Building Karachi Pakistan.png|thumb|The Dawood Centre in [[Karachi]], M.T. Khan Road]] {{as of|2017}}, according to the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', citing estimates largely based on income and the purchase of consumption goods, had suggested that as many as 42% of Pakistan's population may now belong to the [[Upper class|upper]] and [[Middle class|middle classes]]. If these numbers are correct, or even indicative in any broad sense, then 87 million Pakistanis belong to the middle and upper classes, a population size which is larger than that of Germany.<ref name=":13">{{cite web |title=Credit for Housing and Construction |url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/MpMG/progress.html |access-date=22 August 2022 |website=sbp.org.pk}}</ref> Official figures also show that the proportion of households that own a motorcycle and washing machines has grown impressively over the past 15 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1398602/pakistans-middle-class-continues-grow-rapid-pace/|title=Pakistan's middle class continues to grow at a rapid pace|date=2 May 2017|website=The Express Tribune|access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref> Furthermore, the IBA-SBP Consumer Confidence Index recorded its highest-ever level of 174.9 points in January 2017, showing an increase of 17 points from July 2016. Separately, consumer financing recorded at Rs. 179 billion during FY 2022. Auto finance continued to be the dominant segment, followed by house building, which showed remarkable growth after the ''Mera Pakistan Mera Ghar'' scheme initiated by the State Bank of Pakistan in December 2020.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":6" /> === Poverty alleviation expenditures === {{Main|Poverty in Pakistan}} The Pakistan government spent over 1 trillion rupees (about $16.7 billion) on poverty alleviation programs during the past four years, reducing poverty from 35% in 2000β01 to 29.3% in 2013 and further to 17% in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/pakistan|title=Pakistan β Data|website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Rural poverty remains a pressing issue, as development in those areas has been significantly slower than in major urban areas. === Employment === The high population growth in the past few decades has led to a significant number of young people entering the labor market. Although Pakistan is among the six most populous Asian nations, excessive red tape in the past made firing from jobs, and consequently hiring, difficult.<ref name="Business Recorder">{{cite web |title=Financial Statements Analysis of Companies |url=https://www.sbp.org.pk/departments/stats/FSA(Non).pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303101525/http://www.sbp.org.pk:80/departments/stats/FSA(Non).pdf |archive-date=3 March 2019 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=sbp.org.pk |publisher=SBP}}</ref> Significant progress in taxation and business reforms has ensured that many firms are no longer compelled to operate in the underground economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2129rank.html|title=The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency|website=cia.gov|access-date=30 May 2007|archive-date=22 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422083303/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2129rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Government revenues and expenditures === {{Main|Taxation in Pakistan}} [[File:Clifton Beach, Karachi - Pakistan.jpg|thumb|[[Clifton, Karachi|Clifton]] in Karachi]] Although the country is a Federation with constitutional division of taxation powers between the [[Government of Pakistan|Federal Government]] and the four provinces, the revenue department of the Federal Government, the [[Federal Board of Revenue]], collects more than 80% of the entire national tax collection. The government's revenue streams primarily stem from two sources: [[taxation]] and [[non-tax revenue]]. Taxation, which includes [[income tax]], [[sales tax]], and [[customs duties]], constitutes a substantial portion of revenues, bolstering both federal and provincial government finances. Non-tax revenue sources, such as mark-up from state enterprises, surplus profits from the [[State Bank of Pakistan]], and royalties on oil and gas, further contribute significantly to the fiscal framework. Conversely, government expenditures are strategically allocated across multiple sectors, including defense, social services, infrastructure development, and debt servicing. Current expenditures, covering operational costs, interest payments, pensions, and other obligations, are carefully balanced against development expenditures aimed at fostering long-term growth and progress. The challenge of achieving equilibrium between revenue generation and expenditure allocation leads to [[Government budget balance|budgetary deficits]] that can necessitate borrowing to bridge the gap. The data has been sourced from the Ministry of Finance.<ref>{{cite web |title=consolidated fiscal operations |url=http://www.finance.gov.pk/fiscal_main.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608090837/http://www.finance.gov.pk:80/fiscal_main.html |archive-date=8 June 2010 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Ministry of Finance}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Consolidated federal and provincial fiscal operations (amounts in billion PKR) ! List ! FY 2008 ! FY 2009 ! FY 2010 ! FY 2011 ! FY 2012 ! FY 2013 ! FY 2014 ! FY 2015 ! FY 2016 ! FY 2017 ! FY 2018 ! FY 2019 ! FY 2020 ! FY 2021 ! FY 2022 !FY 2023 !FY2024 |- | style="text-align:left" | '''Total revenue''' | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,499 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,851 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,078 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,253 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,567 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,982 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,637 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,931 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 4,447 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 4,937 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 5,228 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 4,901 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 6,272 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 6,903 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 8,035 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 9,634 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}13,269 |- | style="text-align:center" | Tax revenue | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,065 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,317 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,473 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,699 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,053 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,199 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,565 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,018 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,660 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,969 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 4,467 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 4,473 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 4,748 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 5,272 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 6,755 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 7,819 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}10,085 |- | style="text-align:right" |FBR taxes | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,008 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,161 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,327 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,558 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,883 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 1,946 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,255 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 2,590 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,113 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,368 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,842 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}} 3,830 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 3,998 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 4,764 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 6,143 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 7,169 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 9,311 |- | '''Total expenditure''' | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 2,277 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 2,531 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 3,007 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 3,447 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 3,936 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 4,816 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 5,026 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 5,388 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 5,796 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 6,801 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 7,488 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 8,346 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 9,649 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 10,307 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 13,295 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 16,155 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}20,476 |- |'''Fiscal deficit''' | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}777 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}680 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}929 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}1,194 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}1,370 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}1,834 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}1,389 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}1,457 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}1,349 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}1,864 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}2,260 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}3,445 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}3,376 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}3,403 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5,260 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6,521 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 7,207 |- ! colspan="15" |'''As % of GDP''' ! ! ! |- | Total Revenue | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}14.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}14.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}14.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}12.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}12.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}13.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}14.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}14.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}13.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}13.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}13.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}11.2 | style="text-align:center" | {{increase}}13.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}12.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}12.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}11.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}} 12.5 |- |Tax revenue | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}9.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}9.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}9.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}9.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}10.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}9.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}10.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}11.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}10.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}10.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}10.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}9.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}9.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}9.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}10.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{decrease}}9.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{increase}}9.5 |- | Total expenditure | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}21.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{Decreasepositive}}19.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}20.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}18.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}21.4 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}21.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}20.0 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}19.6 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}17.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}19.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}19.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{steady}}19.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}20.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}18.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}19.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}19.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}} 19.3 |- |[[Government budget deficit|Fiscal deficit]] | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}7.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{Decreasepositive}}5.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}6.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}8.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{Decreasepositive}}8.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}5.5 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}5.3 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}4.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5.2 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}5.8 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}7.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}7.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}6.1 | style="text-align:center" |{{IncreaseNegative}}7.9 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}}7.7 | style="text-align:center" |{{DecreasePositive}} 6.8 |}
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