Editing Economics of biodiversity (section)

== Impact of economic activity on biodiversity ==
{{See|Biodiversity loss}}Despite the role of biodiversity in underpinning the economy, economic activities often cause harm to biodiversity and the economic incentives they provide mean that they are often favoured over [[Conservation biology|conservation]] and [[Ecological restoration|restoration]] activities.<ref name=":4">IPBES (2019): Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. E. S. Brondizio, J. Settele, S. Díaz, and H. T. Ngo (editors). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany. 1148 pages. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831673</nowiki></ref> This contributes to the [[Biodiversity loss|loss of biodiversity]] observed on a global scale with numerous causes, such as habitat loss, land-use change, pollution, and [[overexploitation]].<ref name=":4" /> 

According to an estimate from [[Boston Consulting Group|BCG]], more than 90% of the anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity loss result from economic activities linked to agriculture, infrastructure, fashion, and energy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=The Biodiversity Crisis Is a Business Crisis |url=https://www.bcg.com/publications/2021/biodiversity-loss-business-implications-responses |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=BCG Global |language=en}}</ref> In addition, the IUCN estimates that 79% of threatened species are impacted by agriculture, infrastructure, and energy and mining activities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Torkington |first=Simon |date=2023-02-07 |title=50% of the global economy is under threat from biodiversity loss |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/02/biodiversity-nature-loss-cop15/ |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=World Economic Forum}}</ref>

The failure to halt terrestrial biodiversity loss between 2000 and 2010 was estimated to cost the global economy $500 billion.<ref name=":3" /> Continued biodiversity loss and environmental degradation poses a long-term risk to society and the economy, such as by increasing the risk of pandemics, floods, and droughts.<ref>Ranger, N., Alvarez J., Freeman, A., Harwood, T., Obersteiner, M., Paulus, E. and Sabuco, J. (2023). The Green Scorpion: the Macro-Criticality of Nature for Finance – Foundations for scenario-based analysis of complex and cascading physical nature-related risks. Oxford: Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford.</ref>