Editing East Pakistan (section)

==Economy==
[[File:Kaptai Dam 1965.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Kaptai Dam]] in 1965]]
[[File:East Pakistan.ogv|thumb|1971 documentary film about East Pakistan]]
[[File:Ayub Khan & A K Khan.jpg|thumb|President Ayub Khan (left) with Bengali industrialist [[Abul Kashem Khan]] (right) in Chittagong]]
[[File:Adamjee Jute Mills Entrance 1950.gif|thumb|Entrance to the [[Adamjee Jute Mills]], the world's largest jute processing plant, in 1950]]
At the time of the [[Partition of British India]], [[East Bengal]] had a [[plantation economy]]. The [[Chittagong Tea Auction]] was established in 1949 as the region was home to the world's largest tea plantations. The [[Dhaka Stock Exchange|East Pakistan Stock Exchange Association]] was established in 1954. Many wealthy Muslim immigrants from India, [[Burma]], and former British colonies settled in East Pakistan. The [[Ispahani family]], Africawala brothers, and the Adamjee family were pioneers of industrialisation in the region. Many of modern Bangladesh's leading companies were born in the East Pakistan period.

An airline founded in British Bengal, [[Orient Airways]], launched the vital air link between East and West Pakistan with [[DC-3]] aircraft on the [[Dacca]]-[[Kolkata|Calcutta]]-[[Delhi]]-[[Karachi]] route. Orient Airways later evolved into [[Pakistan International Airlines]], whose first chairman was the East Pakistan-based industrialist [[Mirza Ahmad Ispahani]].

By the 1950s, East Bengal surpassed [[West Bengal]] in having the largest [[jute]] industries in the world. The [[Adamjee Jute Mills]] was the largest jute processing plant in history and its location in Narayanganj was nicknamed the ''[[Dundee]] of the East''. The Adamjees were descendants of [[Adamjee Haji Dawood|Sir Haji Adamjee Dawood]], who made his fortune in [[British Burma]].

Natural gas was discovered in the northeastern part of East Pakistan in 1955 by the [[Burmah Oil Company]]. Industrial use of natural gas began in 1959. The [[Shell Oil Company]] and [[Pakistan Petroleum]] tapped 7 gas fields in the 1960s. The industrial seaport city of [[Chittagong]] hosted the headquarters of [[Padma Oil Company|Burmah Eastern]] and [[Jamuna Oil Company|Pakistan National Oil]]. Iran, an erstwhile leading oil producer, assisted in establishing the [[Eastern Refinery]] in Chittagong.

The [[Comilla Model]] of the Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (present-day [[Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development]]) was conceived by [[Akhtar Hameed Khan]] and replicated in many developing countries.

In 1965, Pakistan implemented the [[Kaptai Dam]] hydroelectric project in the southeastern part of East Pakistan with American assistance. It was the sole hydroelectric dam in East Pakistan. The project was controversial for displacing over 40,000 indigenous people from the area.

The centrally located metropolis Dacca witnessed significant urban growth.

<gallery>
Central Dacca in East Pakistan.jpg|Central business district in Dacca, 1960s
Chittagong port 1960.jpg|Chittagong Port in 1960
Dacca East Pakistan 1967.jpg|Baitul Mukarram Market Area, Dacca, 1967
Pakistani rupee pre-1971.jpg|Pakistani banknotes included [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali script]] until 1971.
East Pakistan helicopter poster.jpg|A poster of the [[East Pakistan Helicopter Service]]
Stamp of New Dacca Railway Station.jpg|Pakistani Postage stamp issued on the occasion of first anniversary of New Railway Station—Dacca in 1969
</gallery>

===Economic discrimination and disparity===
Although, East Pakistan had a larger population, West Pakistan dominated the divided country politically and received more money from the common budget. According to the [[World Bank]], there was much economic discrimination against East Pakistan, including higher government spending on West Pakistan, financial transfers from East to West, and the use of the East's foreign exchange surpluses to finance the West's imports.

The discrimination occurred despite the fact that East Pakistan generated a major share of Pakistan's exports.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; width:550px;text-align:center;"

|-

!width=16%| Year

!width=28%| Spending on West Pakistan (in millions of [[Pakistani rupee]]s)

!width=28%| Spending on East Pakistan (in millions of Pakistani rupees)

!width=28%| Amount spent on East as percentage of West

|-

| 1950–55 || style="text-align:right;"| 11,290 || style="text-align:right;"| 5,240 || style="text-align:right;"| 46.4

|-

| 1955–60 || style="text-align:right;"| 16,550 || style="text-align:right;"| 5,240 || style="text-align:right;"| 31.7

|-

| 1960–65|| style="text-align:right;"|33,550 ||align="right"| 14,040 || style="text-align:right;"| 41.8

|-

| 1965–70 ||align="right"|51,950 ||align="right"| 21,410 || style="text-align:right;"| 41.2

|-

| '''Total''' ||align="right"|'''113,340''' ||align="right"| '''45,930''' || style="text-align:right;"| '''40.5'''

|-

| colspan="4" | <small>''Source: Reports of the Advisory Panels for the Fourth Five Year Plan 1970–75, Vol. I,<br /> published by the planning commission of Pakistan.''</small>

|}

The annual rate of growth of the gross domestic product per capita was 4.4% in West Pakistan versus 2.6% in East Pakistan from 1960 to 1965. Bengali politicians pushed for more autonomy, arguing that much of Pakistan's export earnings were generated in East Pakistan from the exportation of Bengali jute and tea. As late as 1960, approximately 70% of Pakistan's export earnings originated in East Pakistan, although this percentage declined as international demand for jute dwindled. By the mid-1960s, East Pakistan was accounting for less than 60% of the nation's export earnings, and by the time Bangladesh gained its independence in 1971, this percentage had dipped below 50%. In 1966, Mujib demanded that separate foreign exchange accounts be kept and that separate trade offices be opened overseas. By the mid-1960s, West Pakistan was benefiting from Ayub's "Decade of Progress" with its successful [[Green Revolution]] in wheat and from the expansion of markets for West Pakistani textiles, while East Pakistan's standard of living remained at an abysmally low level. Bengalis were also upset that West Pakistan, the seat of the national government, received more foreign aid. However, East Pakistan did nonetheless benefit from industrialisation and development, which was discerned by the Kaptai Dam in the Chittagong Hill Tracts for instance.

Economists in East Pakistan argued a "Two Economies Theory" within Pakistan itself, which was founded on the Two-Nation Theory with India. The so-called Two Economies Theory suggested that East and West Pakistan had different economic features which should not be regulated by a federal government in Islamabad.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.epw.in/journal/2016/28/book-reviews/birth-bangladesh.html |title=Birth of Bangladesh |date=5 June 2015 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=51 |issue=28 |access-date=2 July 2017 |archive-date=19 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219111615/http://www.epw.in/journal/2016/28/book-reviews/birth-bangladesh.html |url-status=live }}</ref>