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===Games=== In 1952, [[Sandy Douglas]] developed ''[[OXO (video game)|OXO]]'', a version of [[noughts and crosses]] (tic-tac-toe) for the EDSAC, with graphical output to a VCR97 6" [[cathode-ray tube]]. This may well have been the world's [[first video game]].<ref name="Cohen">{{cite web |url=http://classicgames.about.com/od/computergames/p/OXOProfile.htm |title=OXO aka Noughts and Crosses β The First Video Game |last=Cohen |first=D. S. |work=[[About.com]] |publisher=[[IAC (company)|IAC]] |date=2014-09-20 |access-date=2015-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222084801/http://classicgames.about.com/od/computergames/p/OXOProfile.htm |archive-date=2015-12-22 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Wolf3>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming |last=Wolf |first=Mark J. P. |date=2012-08-16 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-0-313-37936-9 |pages=3β7}}</ref> Another video game was created by [[Stanley Gill]] and involved a dot (termed a sheep) approaching a line in which one of two gates could be opened.<ref name=smithIEEE /> The Stanley Gill game was controlled via the lightbeam of the EDSAC's paper-tape reader.<ref name=smithIEEE /> Interrupting it (such as by the player placing their hand in it) would open the upper gate.<ref name=smithIEEE /> Leaving the beam unbroken would result in the lower gate opening.<ref name=smithIEEE>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Alvy Ray |date=9 June 2015 |title=The Dawn of Digital Light |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=74β91 |doi=10.1109/MAHC.2015.51 |s2cid=10257358 }}</ref>
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