Editing Diplomatic immunity (section)

===Offences against the person===

On-duty police officer [[murder of Yvonne Fletcher|Yvonne Fletcher was murdered]] in [[London]] in 1984, by a person shooting from inside the [[Libyan Embassy in London|Libyan embassy]] during a protest. The incident caused a breakdown in [[diplomatic relations]] until Libya admitted "general responsibility" in 1999.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/17/newsid_2488000/2488369.stm | work=BBC News | title=1984: Libyan embassy shots kill policewoman | date=17 April 1984 | access-date=1 May 2010}}</ref> The incident became a major factor in Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s decision to allow [[President of the United States]] [[Ronald Reagan]] to launch the [[Bombing of Libya (1986)|US bombing of Libya in 1986]] from American bases in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106363 | first = Margaret | last = Thatcher | title = Statement on US bombing of Libya | access-date = 20 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513031018/http://margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106363 | archive-date = 13 May 2012 | url-status = dead }}.</ref>

In 1987, the Human Resources Administration of New York City placed 9-year-old Terrence Karamba in a foster home after his elementary school teachers noticed suspicious scars and injuries. He and his 7-year-old sister, who was also placed in city custody, told officials the wounds had been inflicted by their father, Floyd Karamba, an administrative attaché at the Zimbabwean Mission to the UN. No charges were filed, as Karamba had diplomatic immunity.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/01/nyregion/court-won-t-bar-return-of-boy-in-abuse-case-to-zimbabwe.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm | work=The New York Times | first=Mark A. | last=Uhlig | title=Court Won't Bar Return of Boy in Abuse Case to Zimbabwe | date=1 January 1988}}</ref>

In February 1999 in [[Vancouver|Vancouver, British Columbia]], Canada, Kazuko Shimokoji, wife of the Japanese Consul-General, showed up at the [[emergency department]] of a city hospital with two black eyes and a bruised neck. She told doctors that her husband had beaten her. When local police questioned her husband, Mr. Shimokoji said, "Yes, I punched her out and she deserved it", and described the incident as "a cultural thing and not a big deal". Although an arrest warrant was issued, Mr. Shimokoji could not be arrested due to his diplomatic immunity. However, his statement to the police was widely reported in both the local and Japanese press. The subsequent public uproar prompted the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs to waive Mr. Shimokoji's immunity. Though he pleaded guilty in Canadian court, he was given an [[Discharge (sentence)|absolute discharge]]. Nonetheless, he was recalled to Japan where he was reassigned to office duty and had his pay cut.<ref>{{cite news | title = Wife-beating diplomat ordered home | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/wife-beating-diplomat-ordered-home-1.188071 | publisher = CBC News | date = 4 March 1999}}</ref>

In 2002, a Colombian diplomat in the United Kingdom was prosecuted for manslaughter once diplomatic immunity was waived by the Colombian government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-09-27 |title=Colombia waives immunity on pair |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2284320.stm |access-date=2022-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-07-17 |title=Murder family win Blair's support |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2133055.stm |access-date=2022-10-14}}</ref>

In November 2006 in New York City, Fred Matwanga, Kenyan diplomat to the UN, was taken into police custody by officers responding to reports that he had assaulted his son; he was released after asserting diplomatic immunity.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Abusive-Kenyan-diplomat-probed-20061114 |title='Abusive' Kenyan diplomat probed |work=News24 |date=14 November 2006 |access-date=19 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305053106/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Abusive-Kenyan-diplomat-probed-20061114 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/14/nyregion/14mbrfs-QUEENSCUSTOD_BRF.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&ref=diplomaticimmunity&adxnnlx=1297944600-IFcittrAcdwp2lHl4hcf6g | work=The New York Times | title=Queens: Custody Battle Over Diplomat's Children | date=14 November 2006}}</ref>

In 2011, Turkish president Erdogan and his team started fighting with UN officials at the United Nations Headquarters. The then secretary general, [[Ban Ki Moon]], soon ran over and apologised to Erdogan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/world/world-peace-still-elusive-as-un-guards-scuffle-with-turks.html|title = Scuffle at the United Nations Ends in an Apology to Turks|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 26 September 2011|last1 = MacFarquhar|first1 = Neil}}</ref>

In April 2012 in the [[Philippines]], Erick Shcks Bairnals, a technical officer of the Panama Maritime Authority's regional office in Manila, was accused of raping a 19-year-old [[Filipinos|Filipino]] woman. Being an attached agency to the Panamanian embassy in Manila, the AMP office was classified as a diplomatic entity, its officers possessing the same privileges conferred to the embassy's diplomats. Shcks was later released from detention because Shcks "enjoys protection under the 1961 Vienna Convention."<ref name="Panamanian diplomat in alleged rape case enjoys diplomatic immunity">{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Amoulin|title=Panama diplomat in alleged rape case has full immunity|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/257821/news/nation/dfa-panama-diplomat-in-alleged-rape-case-has-full-immunity|publisher=[[GMA News]]|date=11 May 2012}}</ref>

In March 2013, the [[Supreme Court of India]] restricted Italian ambassador [[Daniele Mancini]] from leaving India for breaching an undertaking given to the apex court.<ref>{{cite news|title=India-Italy marines row: 'No legal immunity' for envoy Daniele Mancini|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-21826651|work=BBC News: India|publisher=BBC|date=18 March 2013}}</ref> Despite Italian and European Union protests regarding the restrictions as contrary to the [[Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations]], the Supreme Court of India said it would be unacceptable to argue diplomatic immunity after voluntarily submitting to the court's jurisdiction. The Italian envoy had invoked Article 32 of the Constitution of India when filing an affidavit to the Supreme Court taking responsibility for the return of the two Italian marines to India after casting their votes in the March 2012 general elections in Italy. The Indian Supreme Court opined that the Italian ambassador had waived his diplomatic immunity and could be charged for contempt. The two marines were being tried in India for the murder of two Indian fishermen off the coast of Kerala (see the [[Enrica Lexie case]]).

In October 2013, Russian diplomat Dmitri Borodin was arrested in [[The Hague]], The Netherlands, after neighbours called the police. Borodin was alleged to have been drunk and violent towards his children, aged two and four. Police were in the area because Borodin's wife had lost control over her car while also intoxicated, and had rammed four parked cars near the diplomats' house.<ref name="NOS08102013">{{cite news |url=http://nos.nl/artikel/560093-borodin-was-gevaar-voor-kinderen.html |title=Borodin was gevaar voor kinderen |date=8 October 2013|work=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]] |access-date=8 October 2013}}</ref> Russia immediately demanded an apology from the Dutch government for violating Borodin's diplomatic immunity. The row came at a time of tension between Russia and the Netherlands, after the Russian security services captured a [[Greenpeace]] vessel sailing under the Dutch flag, [[MV Arctic Sunrise|''Arctic Sunrise'']], that was protesting against oil drilling in the [[Prirazlomnoye field]].<ref name="BBC04102013">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24395769 |title=Dutch take legal action over Greenpeace ship in Russia |date=4 October 2013 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=8 October 2013}}</ref>

In June 2014, the [[New Zealand government]] confirmed that [[2014 Malaysian diplomat indecent assault case|Mohammed Rizalman Bin Ismail]] from Malaysia, aged in his 30s and employed at [[Malaysia's High Commission in Wellington]], had invoked diplomatic immunity when faced with charges of burglary and assault with intent to rape after allegedly following a 21-year-old woman to her home.<ref name="NZHJun30">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/politics/news/article.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=11284197|title=Govt wanted sex case diplomat to face charges - Key|date=30 June 2014|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> He returned to Malaysia in May 2014 with his family while the case was still in hearing. The New Zealand foreign ministry was criticized for allowing the defendant to leave the country, which was blamed on miscommunication between the foreign ministries of the two countries, as Prime Minister [[John Key]] expressed his view that "the man should have faced the charges in New Zealand".<ref name="NZHJun30"/> Malaysia eventually agreed to send the diplomat back to assist in investigations<ref name="Malaysia to send diplomat back to New Zealand wanted on sex charges">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/asia-pacific/malaysia-to-send-diplomat-back-to-new-zealand-wanted-on-sex-charges-30401617.html|title=Malaysia to send diplomat back to New Zealand wanted on sex charges|date=3 July 2014|newspaper=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="Malaysian official on sex charge uses diplomatic immunity to leave NZ">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/01/malaysian-official-sexual-assault-charge-diplomatic-immunity-leave-new-zealand|title=Malaysian official on sex charge uses diplomatic immunity to leave NZ|date=1 July 2014|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> and he was eventually tried and sentenced to nine months' home detention in New Zealand.<ref name="Telegraph 4 Feb 2016">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/12139460/Malaysian-envoy-gets-nine-months-detention-for-indecent-assault.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/12139460/Malaysian-envoy-gets-nine-months-detention-for-indecent-assault.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Malaysian envoy gets nine-months detention for indecent assault|date=4 February 2016|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In July 2017, in Jordan, two Jordanian carpenters were invited to repair furniture at an Israeli diplomatic security agent's residence near the Israeli embassy. It is believed that the Jordanians and Israeli security agent quarreled over the ongoing tensions regarding the installations of metal detectors at entry points to al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.803076|title=Diplomatic Crisis With Jordan: Embassy Guard Who Killed Assailant Prevented From Returning to Israel|last1=Ravid|first1=Barak|date=24 July 2017|work=Haaretz|access-date=26 July 2017|last2=Khoury|first2=Jack|language=en|last3=Cohen|first3=Gili}}</ref> One carpenter, a teenager of Palestinian origin, reportedly tried to stab the Israeli security agent with his screwdriver, and the Israeli security agent shot and killed the Jordanian carpenter, and also shot the property landlord, a doctor, who happened to be there at the time.<ref name="Sanchez2017">{{Cite web |title=Israel and Jordan in diplomatic standoff after Israeli security agent kills two at embassy in Amman |last=Sanchez |first=Raf |work=The Telegraph |date=24 July 2017 |access-date=7 October 2019 |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/24/diplomatic-standoff-israel-jordan-shooting-israeli-embassy-amman/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/24/diplomatic-standoff-israel-jordan-shooting-israeli-embassy-amman/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}{{cbignore}}</ref> Israel refused to allow Jordanian authorities to question the agent, claiming diplomatic immunity under the Vienna convention.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/23/at-least-one-person-killed-in-shooting-near-israel-embassy-in-jordan|title=Two killed in shooting at Israeli embassy in Jordan|last1=Beaumont|first1=Peter|date=24 July 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=26 July 2017|last2=agencies|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

In August 2017, [[Grace Mugabe]], the former [[First Lady of Zimbabwe]], invoked diplomatic immunity on 15 August after assault charges were laid against her by a South African model.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/19/south-africa-grants-grace-mugabe-diplomatic-immunity-report|title=South Africa grants Grace Mugabe diplomatic immunity – report|newspaper=The Guardian|date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

In 2018, Saudi American journalist [[Jamal Khashoggi]] was killed by Saudi officials inside the Saudi embassy in Turkey. The Turkish police were not allowed to enter the premises days after this death. Furthermore, a Saudi government vehicle with diplomatic license plates was spotted entering a park.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-politics-dissident-police-idUSKCN1MP224|title = Turkish police enter Saudi consulate in Istanbul|newspaper = Reuters|date = 15 October 2018}}</ref>

In August 2022, UN diplomat [[Charles Dickens Imene Oliha]] of South Sudan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs claimed diplomatic immunity and was released from jail in New York City after raping a woman twice inside her apartment building.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2022/08/22/un-diplomat-dodges-nyc-rape-rap-thanks-to-diplomatic-immunity-cop-sources/|title = UN diplomat dodges NYC rape rap thanks to diplomatic immunity: cops|newspaper = New York Post|date = 22 August 2022}}</ref> He subsequently returned to South Sudan, where he was suspended from his duties and is to be investigated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Houghtaling |first=Ellie Quinlan |date=2022-08-25 |title=African Diplomat Charles Dickens Imene Oliha Claims Diplomatic Immunity, Flees Country After Rape Charges |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/african-diplomat-charles-dickens-imene-oliha-claims-diplomatic-immunity-flees-country-after-rape-charges |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=The Daily Beast |language=en}}</ref>