Editing Devonian (section)

=== Gondwana ===
[[File:Early-Middle Devonian chasmataspids paleogeography.png|left|thumb|306x306px|The Early-Middle Devonian world, with major continents Gondwana (Go), Euramerica/Laurussia (Eu), and Siberia (Si)]]
Gondwana was by far the largest continent on the planet. It was completely south of the equator, although the northeastern sector (now Australia) did reach tropical latitudes. The southwestern sector (now South America) was located to the far south, with [[Brazil]] situated near the [[South Pole]]. The northwestern edge of Gondwana was an [[active margin]] for much of the Devonian, and saw the [[Accretion (geology)|accretion]] of many smaller land masses and island arcs. These include [[Chilenia]], [[Cuyania]], and [[Chaitenia]], which now form much of [[Chile]] and [[Tectonic evolution of Patagonia|Patagonia]].<ref name="Cocks-2016" /><ref name="Herve2018">{{cite journal |last1=Hervé |first1=Francisco|author-link1=Francisco Hervé |last2=Calderón |first2=Mauricio |last3=Fanning |first3=Mark |last4=Pankhurst |first4=Robert|author-link4=Robert John Pankhurst |last5=Rapela |first5=Carlos W. |last6=Quezada |first6=Paulo |year=2018 |title=The country rocks of Devonian magmatism in the North Patagonian Massif and Chaitenia |url=http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V45n3-3117 |journal=[[Andean Geology]] |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=301–317 |doi=10.5027/andgeoV45n3-3117|doi-access=free |hdl=11336/81577 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> These collisions were associated with [[volcanic activity]] and [[plutons]], but by the Late Devonian the tectonic situation had relaxed and much of South America was covered by shallow seas. These south polar seas hosted a distinctive brachiopod fauna, the Malvinokaffric Realm, which extended eastward to marginal areas now equivalent to South Africa and Antarctica. Malvinokaffric faunas even managed to approach the South Pole via a tongue of Panthalassa which extended into the [[Paraná Basin]].<ref name="Cocks-2016" />

The northern rim of Gondwana was mostly a passive margin, hosting extensive marine deposits in areas such as northwest Africa and [[Tibet]]. The eastern margin, though warmer than the west, was equally active. Numerous mountain building events and [[granite]] and [[kimberlite]] intrusions affected areas equivalent to modern day eastern [[Australia]], [[Tasmania]], and Antarctica.<ref name="Cocks-2016" />