Editing Detergent (section)

==Major applications of detergents==
[[File:Laundry detergent pods.jpg|thumb|[[Laundry detergent pod]]s]]

===Household cleaning===
{{Main article|Laundry detergent|Dishwasher detergent}}

One of the largest applications of detergents is for household and shop cleaning including [[dish washing]] and washing [[laundry]]. These detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions, and the formulations of these detergents are often complex mixtures of a variety of chemicals aside from surfactants, reflecting the diverse demands of the application and the highly competitive consumer market. These detergents may contain the following components:<ref name=Middelhauve />
* [[surfactant]]s
* [[foam regulator]]s
* [[Builder (detergent)|builders]]
* [[bleach]]
* [[bleach activator]]s
* [[enzyme]]s
* dyes
* fragrances
* other additives

===Fuel additives===
Both carburetors and fuel injector components of [[internal combustion engine]]s benefit from detergents in the fuels to prevent [[fouling]]. Concentrations are about 300 [[parts per million#Parts-per expressions|ppm]]. Typical detergents are long-chain [[amine]]s and [[amide]]s such as [[polyisobuteneamine]] and polyisobuteneamide/[[succinimide]].<ref>Werner Dabelstein, Arno Reglitzky, Andrea Schütze, Klaus Reders "Automotive Fuels" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim{{doi|10.1002/14356007.a16_719.pub2}}</ref>

===Biological reagent===
[[chemical purity|Reagent grade]] detergents are employed for the isolation and purification of [[integral membrane proteins]] found in [[Cell_(biology)|biological cells]].<ref name="pmid20837548">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koley D, Bard AJ | title=Triton X-100 concentration effects on membrane permeability of a single HeLa cell by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) | journal= [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] | volume=107 | issue=39 | year=2010 | pages=16783–7 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1011614107 | pmc=2947864 | pmid=20837548| bibcode=2010PNAS..10716783K | doi-access=free }}</ref> Solubilization of [[cell membrane]] bilayers requires a detergent that can enter the inner membrane [[Monolayer#Biology|monolayer]].<ref name="pmid23870250">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lichtenberg D, Ahyayauch H, Goñi FM | title=The mechanism of detergent solubilization of lipid bilayers | journal= [[Biophysical Journal]] | volume=105 | issue=2 | year=2013 | pages=289–299 | doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.007 | pmc=3714928 | pmid=23870250| bibcode=2013BpJ...105..289L }}</ref> Advancements in the purity and sophistication of detergents have facilitated structural and biophysical characterization of important membrane proteins such as [[Ion channel|ion channels]] also the disrupt membrane by binding [[lipopolysaccharide]],<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Doyle | first1 = DA | last2 = Morais Cabral | first2 = J | last3 = Pfuetzner | first3 = RA | last4 = Kuo | first4 = A | last5 = Gulbis | first5 = JM | last6 = Cohen | first6 = SL | last7 = Chait | first7 = BT | last8 = MacKinnon | first8 = R | year = 1998 | title = The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+conduction and selectivity | journal = Science | volume = 280 | issue = 5360| pages = 69–77 | doi=10.1126/science.280.5360.69 | pmid=9525859| bibcode = 1998Sci...280...69D }}</ref> [[Membrane transport protein|transporters]], [[Receptor (biochemistry)|signaling receptors]], and [[photosystem II]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Umena | first1 = Yasufumi | last2 = Kawakami | first2 = Keisuke | last3 = Shen | first3 = Jian-Ren | last4 = Kamiya | first4 = Nobuo | year = 2011 | title = Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 A | url = http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/4/47455/20160528084139320094/Nature_473_55–60.pdf| journal = Nature | volume = 473 | issue = 7345| pages = 55–60 | doi = 10.1038/nature09913 | pmid=21499260| bibcode = 2011Natur.473...55U | s2cid = 205224374 }}</ref>