Editing Denmark (section)

=== Ecology ===
{{Further|List of forests in Denmark|List of mammals of Denmark|List of birds of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Flora of the Faroe Islands|Flora]] and [[Fauna of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Flora and fauna of Greenland]]}}

[[File:Grib skov.jpg|thumb|[[Fagus sylvatica|Beech trees]] are common throughout Denmark, especially in the sparse woodlands]]

Denmark belongs to the [[Boreal Kingdom]] and can be subdivided into two [[ecoregion]]s: the [[Atlantic mixed forests]] and [[Baltic mixed forests]].<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{cite journal |last1=Dinerstein |first1=Eric |last2=Olson |first2=David |last3=Joshi |first3=Anup |last4=Vynne |first4=Carly |last5=Burgess |first5=Neil D. |last6=Wikramanayake |first6=Eric |last7=Hahn |first7=Nathan |last8=Palminteri |first8=Suzanne |last9=Hedao |first9=Prashant |last10=Noss |first10=Reed |last11=Hansen |first11=Matt |last12=Locke |first12=Harvey |last13=Ellis |first13=Erle C. |last14=Jones |first14=Benjamin |last15=Barber |first15=Charles Victor |last16=Hayes |first16=Randy |last17=Kormos |first17=Cyril |last18=Martin |first18=Vance |last19=Crist |first19=Eileen |last20=Sechrest |first20=Wes |last21=Price |first21=Lori |last22=Baillie |first22=Jonathan E. M. |last23=Weeden |first23=Don |last24=Suckling |first24=Kierán |last25=Davis |first25=Crystal |last26=Sizer |first26=Nigel |last27=Moore |first27=Rebecca |last28=Thau |first28=David |last29=Birch |first29=Tanya |last30=Potapov |first30=Peter |last31=Turubanova |first31=Svetlana |last32=Tyukavina |first32=Alexandra |last33=de Souza |first33=Nadia |last34=Pintea |first34=Lilian |last35=Brito |first35=José C. |last36=Llewellyn |first36=Othman A. |last37=Miller |first37=Anthony G. |last38=Patzelt |first38=Annette |last39=Ghazanfar |first39=Shahina A. |last40=Timberlake |first40=Jonathan |last41=Klöser |first41=Heinz |last42=Shennan-Farpón |first42=Yara |last43=Kindt |first43=Roeland |last44=Lillesø |first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow |last45=van Breugel |first45=Paulo |last46=Graudal |first46=Lars |last47=Voge |first47=Maianna |last48=Al-Shammari |first48=Khalaf F. |last49=Saleem |first49=Muhammad |title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm |journal=BioScience |volume=67 |issue=6 |year=2017 |pages=534–545 |issn=0006-3568 |doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014 |pmid=28608869 |pmc=5451287}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hogan |first1=C. Michael |title=Ecoregions of Denmark |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth |access-date=26 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044145/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Almost all of Denmark's [[primeval forest|primeval temperate forests]] have been destroyed or fragmented, chiefly for agricultural purposes during the last millennia.<ref name="Jensen1">{{cite web |last1=Jensen |first1=Christian Lundmark |title=Forests and forestry in Denmark – Thousands of years of interaction between man and nature |url=http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf |publisher=Danish Ministry of the Environment Nature Agency |access-date=31 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715001546/http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2016}}</ref> The deforestation has created large swaths of [[heathland]] and devastating [[Saltation (geology)|sand drifts]].<ref name="Jensen1" /> In spite of this, there are several larger [[second growth forest|second growth woodlands]] in the country and, in total, 12.9% of the land is now forested.<ref>{{cite web |title= Forest area (% of land area) |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS |website= worldbank.org |publisher= The World Bank |access-date= 26 August 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150905234836/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS |archive-date= 5 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Picea abies|Norway spruce]] is the most widespread tree (2017); an important tree in the [[Christmas tree production in Denmark|Christmas tree production]]. Denmark holds a [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mean score of 0.5/10, ranking it 171st globally out of 172 countries—behind only [[San Marino]].<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. 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M. |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |year=2020 |page=5978 |issn=2041-1723 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |pmid=33293507 |pmc=7723057 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G }}</ref>{{explain|reason=What does it mean? Is it good or bad? Please include a little eplanation|date=December 2020}}

[[Roe deer]] occupy the countryside in growing numbers, and large-antlered [[red deer]] can be found in the sparse woodlands of Jutland. Denmark is also home to smaller mammals, such as [[European polecat|polecats]], [[hare]]s and [[hedgehog]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Animals in Denmark|url=http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com/da-animals.html|website=listofcountriesoftheworld.com|access-date=31 May 2016|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601121051/http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com/da-animals.html|archive-date=1 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Approximately 400 bird species inhabit Denmark and about 160 of those breed in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bird list of Denmark|url=http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php|publisher=Netfugl.dk|access-date=26 August 2015|quote=It involves all category A, B and C birds recorded in Denmark (according to SU/BOURC/AERC standard).|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905040347/http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php|archive-date=5 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Large marine mammals include healthy populations of [[harbour porpoise]]s, growing numbers of [[pinniped]]s and occasional visits of whales, including [[blue whale]]s and [[orca]]s. [[Cod]], [[herring]] and [[plaice]] are abundant [[Fish as food|culinary fish]] in Danish waters and form the basis for [[Fishing industry in Denmark|a large fishing industry]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Byskov|first1=Søren|title=Theme: Herring, cod and other fish – 1001 Stories of Denmark|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/en_GB/theme/herring-cod-and-other-fish/article|publisher=The Heritage Agency of Denmark|access-date=31 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234622/http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/en_GB/theme/herring-cod-and-other-fish/article|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>