Editing Demographics of Chile (section)

=== European immigration ===
{{See also|Immigration to Chile}}

[[File:FamigliaCastagnaColoniCapitanPastene1910.jpg|thumb|Italian ([[Emilia (region of Italy)|Emilian]]) immigrants to [[Capitán Pastene]] in southern Chile.]]

Chile – located far from Europe and difficult to reach – was never an attractive place for migrants from Europe,<ref name=Euzko>[http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf De los Vascos, Oñati y los Elorza] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130819165814/http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf |date= August 19, 2013 }} "...De Los Vascos, Oñati Y Los Elorza" by ''Waldo Ayarza Elorza''. Page 59, 65, 66</ref><ref name="HistoriaContemporaneaDeChile">{{cite book | title= Historia Contemporánea de Chile |last1= Salazar Vergara |first1= Gabriel |last2= Pinto |first2= Julio |author-link1= Gabriel Salazar |author-link2= Julio Pinto | year= 1999 | publisher= [[LOM Ediciones]] | location= Santiago de Chile | isbn= 978-956-282-174-2 |chapter= La Presencia Inmigrante |pages= 76–81 |access-date= September 16, 2012 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Vyx8JQtvU78C&q=Chile+migracion+europea&pg=PA78 }}</ref> a situation recognized in the census of 1907, the census which recorded the highest percentage of Europeans versus the total population of Chile (2.2%).<ref name=1907Census/>

{{Blockquote|The observed increase in 1885 is due in large part to the annexation of three provinces after the [[War of the Pacific|Pacific War]] and the final conquest of the [[Araucanía Region|Araucanía]]. Given that our country receives almost no foreign immigration, this increase is significant, when compared with that of more advanced countries in this regard. The comparative table that follows demonstrates this:<br />
(...)<br />
Except for those lucky countries that have seen in the last half century flocking to its beaches a huge influx of immigrants, a situation that unfortunately is not ours, the rate of increase of the population of Chile, figures honorably between the rate of the most prosperous countries on Earth.| National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas)<ref name=1907Census>Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas: [http://www.ine.cl/canales/usuarios/cedoc_online/censos/pdf/censo_1907.pdf 1907 Population Census, Page XVII (Page 14/1277 in the PDF document)] {{in lang|es}}</ref>}}

[[European migration]] in the 19th century did not result in a remarkable change in the ethnic composition of Chile, except in the [[Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region|region of Magellan]] and the city of Concepcion in the BIO-BIO Region.<ref name=C1907>Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile: [http://www.ine.cl/canales/usuarios/cedoc_online/censos/pdf/censo_1907.pdf Censo de población de 1907, page-PDF 55/1277 and page-PDF 1249/1277] {{in lang|es}}</ref>

Spain and France was the largest source of European immigration to Chile during the 17th and 18th centuries, specially from the deep southern parts of Andalusia and Extremadura, which contributed to the Chilean ethnogenesis with thousands of peasants who migrated to the fertile lands of the Chilean Central Valley alongside the Basque merchants who started to arrive in the 18th century in great numbers.

The largest contingent of people to have arrived in post-independence Chile came from Spain and from the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque country]], a region divided between northern Spain and southern France. Estimates of the number of Chileans who have one or two surnames of [[Basques|Basque]] origin range from 10% (1,600,000) to as high as 20% (3,200,000).<ref name="Diariovasco">[http://www.diariovasco.com/pg060724/prensa/noticias/AlDia/200607/24/DVA-ALD-003.html Diariovasco]. Diariovasco. (December 1, 1997).</ref><ref>[http://www.osasun.ejgv.euskadi.net/r52-20726/es/contenidos/noticia/albis12_257_txile_08_11/es_txile/albis12_257_txile_08_11.html vascos] Ainara Madariaga:
Autora del estudio ''"Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX"''.</ref><ref>[http://www.euskonews.com/0072zbk/gaia7204es.html Basques au Chili]. Euskonews.com.</ref><ref>''Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano.instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas. Universitat de València Cita:'' Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco.</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.empresariosvascos.cl/boletines/2008-11-03-BOLETIN-EMPREBASK.pdf La población chilena con ascendencia vasca bordea entre el 15% y el 20% del total, por lo que es uno de los países con mayor presencia de emigrantes venidos de Euskadi.] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100202064123/http://www.empresariosvascos.cl/boletines/2008-11-03-BOLETIN-EMPREBASK.pdf |date= February 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=Euzko3>[http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf De los Vascos, Oñati y los Elorza] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130819165814/http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf |date= August 19, 2013 }} De Los Vascos, Oñati y Los Elorza ''Waldo Ayarza Elorza''.</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.euskalkultura.com/noticias/jon-erdozia-nuevo-delegado-en-chile-iniciativas-vasco-chilenas-como-emprebask-son-exportables-a-otros-paises?language_sync=1 Presencia vasca en Chile.]</ref> Note that this phenomenon occurs not only in Chile, but also in every [[autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous Community]] of Spain,<ref name=migraciones>{{cite web |title= Apellidos y Migraciones Internas en La España Cristiana de La Reconquista |first1= Fernando González del Campo |last1= Román |url= http://hispagen.es/encuentro1/migraciones.pdf }}</ref> as well as in other Latin American countries – one can see that a substantial portion of their populations [[Spanish naming customs|have one or two surnames]] of [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque]] or [[Navarre]] origin,<ref name="euskonews">{{cite web |url= http://www.euskonews.com/0214zbk/kosmo21402.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030921192107/http://www.euskonews.com/0214zbk/kosmo21402.html |archive-date= September 21, 2003 |url-status= dead |title= Presente y futuro de los Centros Vascos en Argentina (I de III) |access-date= November 19, 2015 |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref>Luis Gorostiza, (1912).{{full citation needed|date= November 2020}}</ref><ref>Vascos en Colombia, Tomos 1 y 2, Francisco de Abrisketa, Jaime de Kerexet</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/21/world/montevideo-journal-basques-have-lots-to-boast-of-and-at-times-do.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |title= Montevideo Journal: Basques Have Lots to Boast of (and at Times Do) |quote= A fourth of Uruguay's three million people have at least one parent with a Basque surname. | work= The New York Times | first= Shirley | last= Christian | date= November 21, 1989 | access-date= April 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>Bacaicoa Sanz, Francisco: "Apellidos vascos en el México de los Virreyes", en BIAEV, XXX, Bilbao, 1979.</ref><ref>De Ispizúa, Segundo: Los vascos en América: Simón Bolívar Volumen 2; Volumen 5</ref> tending to be more common in the upper classes, and hence becoming more unusual in lower classes.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=meYLAAAAYAAJ&q=apellidos+vascos+en+Am%C3%A9rica+Latina Presencia vasca en América, 1492–1992: una mirada crítica] {{blockquote| (Fragment)Hoy día los apellidos vascos son frecuentes en los grupos dirigentes, políticos y económicos, de gran número de países de América Latina. Una lista de las cincuenta mayores familias propietarias de Argentina... }}</ref>

Chile's various waves of non-Spanish immigrants include [[Italian Chilean|Italians]], Irish, [[French Chilean|French]], [[Greeks in Chile|Greeks]], [[German Chilean|Germans]], [[English Chilean|English]], [[Scottish people|Scots]], [[Croatian Chilean|Croats]], and [[Polish Chilean|Poles]].

In 1848 an important and substantial [[German Chilean|German]] immigration took place, laying the foundation for the [[German-Chilean]] community.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.nuestro.cl/museos/museos_uasutral3.htm Los colonos] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212428/http://www.nuestro.cl/museos/museos_uasutral3.htm |date= January 16, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131016092348/http://pehueneditores.com/bodega_pehuen/20%20de%20junio/ensayo/orden%20prodigioso.pdf Alemanes en Chile.]}}</ref> Sponsored by the Chilean government for the colonization of the southern region, the Germans (including German-speaking [[Swiss people|Swiss]], [[Silesians]], [[Alsace|Alsatians]] and [[Austrians]]), [[German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue|strongly influenced the cultural and racial composition of the southern provinces of Chile]]. It is difficult to count the number of descendants of Germans in Chile, given the great amount of time since 1848. Because many areas of [[southern Chile]] were sparsely populated, the traces of German immigration there are quite noticeable. An independent estimate calculates that about 500,000 Chileans could descend from German immigrants.<ref>{{cite news|title= Alemanes en Chile: entre el pasado colono y el presente empresarial |url= http://www.dw.de/alemanes-en-chile-entre-el-pasado-colono-y-el-presente-empresarial/a-14958983-1|access-date= December 22, 2012 |date= March 31, 2011 |agency= Deustche-Welle |language= es | quote= Hoy, el perfil de los alemanes residentes aquí es distinto y ya no tienen el peso numérico que alguna vez alcanzaron. En los años 40 y 50 eran en Chile el segundo mayor grupo de extranjeros, representando el 13% (13.000 alemanes). Según el último censo de 2002, en cambio, están en el octavo lugar: son sólo 5.500 personas, lo que equivale al 3% de los foráneos. Sin embargo, la colonia formada por familias de origen alemán es activa y numerosa. Según explica Karla Berndt, gerente de comunicaciones de la Cámara Chileno-Alemana de Comercio (Camchal), los descendientes suman 500.000. Concentrados en el sur y centro del país, donde encuentran un clima más afín, su red de instituciones es amplia. “Hay clínicas, clubes, una Liga Chileno-Alemana, compañías de bomberos y un periódico semanal en alemán llamado Cóndor. Chile es el lugar en el que se concentra el mayor número de colegios alemanes, 24, lo que es mucho para un país tan chico de sólo 16 millones de habitantes”, relata Berndt. / (Translation) Today, the profile of the Germans living here is different and now they no longer have the numerical weight they once reached. In the 1940s and 1950s they were the second-largest foreign group in Chile, accounting for 13% (13,000 Germans). According to the last census in 2002, however, they are in eighth place: they are only 5,500 people, equivalent to 3% of outsiders. However, the colony of families of German origin is active and numerous. According to Karla Berndt, communications manager for the German-Chilean Chamber of Commerce (Camchal), descendants totaled 500,000. Concentrated in the south and center of the country, where they find a more congenial climate, its network of institutions is wide. "There are clinics, clubs, a Chilean-German League, fire companies and a German weekly newspaper called ''Condor''. Chile is the place with the largest concentration of German schools, 24 which is a lot for such a small country of only 16&nbsp;million people", says Berndt.}}</ref>

Other historically significant immigrant groups included [[Croatian Chilean|Croats]], whose descendants today are estimated at 380,000 persons, or 2.4% of the Chilean population.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Diaspora-Croata.htm Diaspora Croata.]</ref><ref>[http://www.matis.hr/vijesti.php?id=2265 Splitski osnovnoškolci rođeni u Čileu.] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110917024605/http://www.matis.hr/vijesti.php?id=2265 |date= September 17, 2011 }}</ref> Some authors claim that close to 4.6% of the Chilean population must have some [[Croatian diaspora|Croatian ancestry]].<ref name="hrvatski">{{cite web|url= http://www.hrvatski.cl/html/croatas.htm |title= Hrvatski Dom - Inmigrantes Croatas |publisher= hrvatski.cl |access-date= November 19, 2015 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195315/http://www.hrvatski.cl/html/croatas.htm |archive-date= March 3, 2016 |df= mdy }}</ref> Over 700,000 Chileans (4.5% of the Chilean population) may have [[British people|British]] ([[English people|English]], [[Scottish people|Scottish]] or [[Welsh people|Welsh]]) and [[Irish people|Irish]] forebears.<ref name=british>{{cite web |url= http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673&IdCategoria=91&IdArea=488&TituloPagina=Historia%20de%20Chile |title= Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX |access-date= April 26, 2009 |archive-date= November 12, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003642/http://www.biografiadechile.cl/detalle.php?IdContenido=1673 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Chileans of [[Greeks|Greek descent]] are estimated to number between 90,000 and 120,000;<ref>{{in lang |es}} [http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ Embajada de Grecia en Chile.] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151016224632/http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ |date= October 16, 2015 }}</ref> most live in or near either [[Santiago]] or [[Antofagasta]], and Chile is one of the five countries in the world most populated with descendants of Greeks.<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ Griegos de Chile] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151016224632/http://viajerosgriegos.ar.vg/ |date= October 16, 2015 }}</ref> The descendants of Swiss immigrants add 90,000,<ref name="schweizergruppe">{{cite web |url= http://schweizergruppe.sv.tc/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090903012338/http://schweizergruppe.sv.tc/ |archive-date= September 3, 2009 |url-status= dead |title= 90,000 descendants of Swiss in Chile. |access-date= November 19, 2015 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> and estimates suggest that about 5% of the Chilean population has some French ancestry.<ref>{{in lang |es}} [http://www.karnobooks.com/cgi-bin/karno/5814.html 5% de los chilenos tiene origen frances.] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080412230551/http://www.karnobooks.com/cgi-bin/karno/5814.html |date= April 12, 2008 }}</ref> 600,000 Chileans descend from [[Italian Chilean|Italian]] immigrants. Other groups of [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] exist but are found in smaller numbers, such as the descendants of [[Austrians]]<ref name="dbnl">{{cite web|url= http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/jong038duit01_01/jong038duit01_01_0018.php |title= L. de Jong, De Duitse Vijfde Colonne in de Tweede Wereldoorlog &middot; dbnl &#124; Hoofdstuk XVI Historisch tussenspel |publisher= dbnl.org|access-date= November 19, 2015}}</ref>{{request quotation|date=January 2021}} and [[Dutchmen]] (estimated at about 50,000).<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130818221629/http://www.cstandt.com/content/dutch-immigration Dutch immigration.]}}</ref><ref name="tripod">
{{cite web
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