Editing Delusion (section)

===Definition===
Although non-specific concepts of madness have been around for several thousand years, the psychiatrist and philosopher [[Karl Jaspers]] was the first to define the four main criteria for a belief to be considered delusional in his 1913 book ''General Psychopathology''.<ref>{{Cite book |publisher = J. Springer |vauthors = Jaspers K |title = Allgemeine Psychopathologie: Ein Leitfaden für Studierende, Ärzte und Psychologen |location = Berlin |year = 1913}}</ref> These criteria are:
# certainty (held with absolute conviction)
# incorrigibility (not changeable by compelling counterargument or proof to the contrary)
# impossibility or falsity of content (implausible, bizarre, or patently untrue)<ref>{{harvnb|Jaspers|1997|p=106}}</ref>
# not amenable to understanding (i.e., belief cannot be explained psychologically)<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Walker C |title = Delusion: what did Jaspers really say? |journal = The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement |issue = 14 |pages = 94–103 |date = November 1991 |volume = 159 |doi = 10.1192/S0007125000296566 |pmid =1840789 |s2cid = 43018033 |url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1840789 }}</ref>

Furthermore, when beliefs involve value judgments, only those which cannot be proven true are considered delusions. For example: a man claiming that he flew into the [[Sun]] and flew back home. This would be considered a delusion,<ref name="A">{{cite web |url=http://www.abess.com/glossary.html#D |title=Terms in the Field of Psychiatry and Neurology |access-date=6 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819071820/http://www.abess.com/glossary.html#D |archive-date=19 August 2010 }}</ref> unless he were speaking [[Literal and figurative language|figuratively]], or if the belief had a cultural or religious source. Only the first three criteria remain cornerstones of the current definition of a delusion in the [[DSM-5]].

Robert Trivers writes that delusion is a discrepancy in relation to objective reality, but with a firm conviction in reality of delusional ideas, which is manifested in the "affective basis of delusion".<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Trivers R |date= 2002 |title= Natural Selection and Social Theory: Selected Papers of Robert Trivers.  |publisher= Oxford University Press  |isbn= 978-0-19-513062-1}}</ref>