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==Autonomous navigation in robotics== Dead reckoning is utilized in some robotic applications.<ref name="ChosetHutchinson2005">{{cite book|author1=Howie M. Choset|author2=Seth Hutchinson|author3=Kevin M. Lynch|author4=George Kantor|author5=Wolfram Burgard|author6=Lydia E. Kavraki|author7=Sebastian Thrun|title=Principles of Robot Motion: Theory, Algorithms, and Implementation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S3biKR21i-QC&q=robot+%22dead+reckoning%22&pg=PA285|year=2005|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-03327-5|pages=285β}}</ref> It is usually used to reduce the need for sensing technology, such as [[ultrasonic sensor]]s, GPS, or placement of some [[linear encoder|linear]] and [[rotary encoder]]s, in an [[autonomous robot]], thus greatly reducing cost and complexity at the expense of performance and repeatability. The proper utilization of dead reckoning in this sense would be to supply a known percentage of electrical power or [[Hydraulics|hydraulic]] pressure to the robot's drive motors over a given amount of time from a general starting point. Dead reckoning is not totally accurate, which can lead to errors in distance estimates ranging from a few millimeters (in [[Numerical control|CNC machining]]) to kilometers (in [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]]), based upon the duration of the run, the speed of the robot, the length of the run, and several other factors.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}
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