Editing David Bowie (section)

===1989–1991: Tin Machine===
{{main|Tin Machine}}
Wanting to completely rejuvenate himself following the critical failures of ''Tonight'' and ''Never Let Me Down'',{{sfn|Pegg|2016|pp=411–412}} Bowie placed his solo career on hold after meeting guitarist [[Reeves Gabrels]] and formed the hard rock quartet [[Tin Machine]]. The line-up was completed by bassist and drummer [[Tony Fox Sales|Tony]] and [[Hunt Sales]], who had played with Bowie on Iggy Pop's ''Lust for Life'' in 1977.{{sfn|Buckley|2005|p=387}}{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 7}} Although he intended Tin Machine to operate as a democracy, Bowie dominated, both in songwriting and in decision-making.{{sfn|Sandford|1997|p=274}} The band's 1989 [[Tin Machine (album)|self-titled debut album]] received mixed reviews and,{{sfn|Pegg|2016|pp=414–415}} according to author [[Paul Trynka]], was quickly dismissed as "pompous, dogmatic and dull".{{sfn|Trynka|2011|p=492}} EMI complained of "lyrics that preach" as well as "repetitive tunes" and "minimalist or no production".{{sfn|Sandford|1997|p=273}} It reached number three in the UK and was supported by a twelve-date [[Tin Machine Tour|tour]].{{sfn|Buckley|2005|p=391}}{{sfn|Pegg|2016|pp=588–589}}

The tour was a commercial success, but there was growing reluctance—among fans and critics alike—to accept Bowie's presentation as merely a band member.{{sfn|Buckley|2005|p=394}} A series of Tin Machine singles failed to chart, and Bowie, after a disagreement with EMI, left the label. Like his audience and his critics, Bowie himself became increasingly disaffected with his role as just one member of a band.{{sfn|Sandford|1997|pp=278–279}} Tin Machine began work on a second album, but recording halted while Bowie conducted the seven-month [[Sound+Vision Tour]], which brought him commercial success and acclaim.{{sfn|Sandford|1997|pp=280–286}}{{sfn|Pegg|2016|pp=415–417}}

[[File:David Bowie - Zagreb.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A man holding a guitar with his back turned|Bowie in [[Zagreb]] during the [[Sound+Vision Tour]], 1990]]
In October 1990, Bowie and supermodel [[Iman (model)|Iman]] were introduced by a mutual friend. He recalled, "I was naming the children the night we met&nbsp;... it was absolutely immediate." They married in 1992.{{sfn|Sandford|1997|pp=288–289}} Tin Machine resumed work the same month, but their audience and critics, ultimately left disappointed by the first album, showed little interest in a second.{{sfn|Sandford|1997|p=292}} ''[[Tin Machine II]]'' (1991) was Bowie's first album to miss the UK top 20 in nearly twenty years,{{sfn|Buckley|2005|pp=408–410}} and was controversial for its cover art. Depicting four ancient nude [[Kouroi]] statues, the new record label, [[Victory Records|Victory]], deemed the cover "a show of wrong, obscene images" and airbrushed the statues' genitalia for the American release.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|pp=415–417}}{{sfn|Sandford|1997|p=292}} Tin Machine toured again, but after the live album ''[[Tin Machine Live: Oy Vey, Baby]]'' (1992) failed commercially, Bowie dissolved the band and resumed his solo career.{{sfn|Pegg|2016|pp=594–595}} He continued to collaborate with Gabrels for the rest of the 1990s.{{sfn|O'Leary|2019|loc=chap. 7}}