Editing Darwin, Northern Territory (section)

=== Climate ===
[[File:Darwin thunderstorm.jpg|thumb|A wet-season storm at night in January]]
Darwin has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen ''Aw'']])<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tapper|first1=Andrew|last2=Tapper|first2=Nigel|title=The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne, Australia|isbn=0-19-553393-3|edition=First|editor=Gray, Kathleen|page=300}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = CHAPTER 7: Introduction to the Atmosphere | work=physicalgeography.net |url=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7v.html | access-date =15 July 2008 }}</ref> with distinct wet and dry seasons, and the average maximum temperature is similar year round. The [[Australian Building Codes Board]] classifies it as Climate Zone 1 under the [[National Construction Code]] (NCC). Climate zones are a broad classification of climate zones in the NCC ranging from one to eight, categorising the different climates of Australia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trombley |first1=Jeremy |last2=Halawa |first2=Edward |title=Can further energy reductions be achieved through behaviour changes in low income households? |journal=Energy Procedia |date=September 2017 |volume=121 |pages=230–237 |doi=10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.022 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2017EnPro.121..230T }} p. 231</ref> The sun passes directly overhead in mid-October and mid-February. The dry season runs from about May to September, during which nearly every day is sunny, and afternoon relative humidity averages around 30%.<ref name="DarwinAirportAWS">{{cite web | title = Darwin Airport | publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_014015_All.shtml | access-date =25 April 2022}}</ref> The hottest months are October and November, just before the onset of the main rain season. The temperature is usually below {{convert|35|°C|°F}}, but the [[heat index]] sometimes rises above {{convert|45|°C|°F}} due to humidity levels. The wet season runs generally between December and March, with a transition towards the dry season in April.

The average temperature of the sea ranges from {{convert|25.8|C|1}} in July to {{convert|31.5|C|1}} in December.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seatemperature.org/australia-pacific/australia/darwin.htm|title=Darwin Water Temperature – Australia – Sea Temperatures|first=Copyright Global Sea Temperatures-A.-Connect|last=Ltd|website=World Sea Temperatures|access-date=26 January 2019}}</ref>

====Dry season====
The driest period of the year, seeing about {{convert|5|mm|in|abbr=on}} of monthly rainfall on average, is between May and September. In the coolest months, June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as {{convert|14|°C|°F}}, but very rarely lower, and a temperature lower than {{convert|10|°C|°F}} has never been recorded in the city centre. Outer suburbs away from the coast occasionally record temperatures as low as {{convert|5|°C|°F}} in the dry season. Because of its long dry season, Darwin has the second-highest average daily hours of sunshine (8.4) of any Australian capital, with the most sunshine from April to November; only [[Perth]], Western Australia, averages more (8.8).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.science.org.au/nova/005/005act02.htm|title=Direct solar energy|publisher=Australian Academy of Science|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629223440/http://science.org.au/nova/005/005act02.htm|archive-date=29 June 2012}}</ref>

====Wet season====
The wet season is associated with [[tropical cyclone]]s and [[Australian monsoon|monsoon]] rains.<ref>{{cite web | title = Information about Darwin | publisher = Charles Darwin University | url = http://www.cdu.edu.au/studyabroad/services.html#climate | access-date = 15 July 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080724032835/http://www.cdu.edu.au/studyabroad/services.html#climate | archive-date = 24 July 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Most rainfall occurs between December and March when thunderstorms are common, and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70 percent during the wettest months.<ref name="DarwinAirportAWS"/> It does not rain every day during the wet season, but most days have plentiful cloud cover; January averages under six hours of bright sunshine daily. This cloud cover means the wet season is not the hottest period of the year, despite daytime hours being the longest at this time. The 3pm dewpoint average in the wet season is around {{convert|24.0|°C|°F}}.<ref name="DarwinAirportAWS"/> Darwin's highest daily rainfall verified by the Bureau of Meteorology is {{convert|367.6|mm}}, which fell when [[Cyclone Carlos]] bore down on the Darwin area on 16 February 2011.<ref>{{cite web | title = Cyclone Carlos bears down on Darwin | publisher = Weatherzone | url = http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/cyclone-carlos-bears-down-on-darwin/16392 | access-date = 16 February 2011 | archive-date = 19 February 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110219015325/http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/cyclone-carlos-bears-down-on-darwin/16392 | url-status = dead }}</ref> February 2011 was also Darwin's wettest month ever recorded, with {{convert|1110.2|mm}} at the airport.<ref name="DarwinAirportAWS"/>

====Extremes====
Extreme temperatures at the Darwin Post Office Station have ranged from {{convert|40.4|°C|°F}} on 17 October 1892 to {{convert|13.4|°C|°F}} on 25 June 1891; extreme temperatures at the Darwin Airport station (which is farther from the coast and routinely records cooler temperatures than the post office station, which is in Darwin's CBD) have ranged from {{convert|38.9|°C|°F}} on 18 October 1982 to {{convert|10.4|°C|°F}} on 29 July 1942. The highest minimum temperature on record is {{convert|30.7|°C|°F}} on 18 January 1928 for the post office station and {{convert|29.7|°C|°F}} on both 25 November 1987 and 17 December 2014 for the airport station. The lowest maximum temperature on record is {{convert|18.4|°C|°F}} on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and {{convert|21.1|°C|°F}} on 14 July 1968 for the airport station.<ref name="DarwinAirportAWS"/><ref name="DarwinPO">{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_014016_All.shtml| title = Climate statistics for Australian locations|date=8 May 2014}}</ref>

For a 147‑day period during the 2012 dry season, from 5 May to 29 September, Darwin recorded no precipitation. Prolonged periods of no precipitation are common in the dry season in [[Northern Australia]] (particularly in the [[Northern Territory]] and northern regions of [[Western Australia]]), although a no-rainfall event of this extent is rare.

Darwin occupies one of the most lightning-prone areas in Australia. On 31 January 2002 an early-morning [[squall line]] produced over 5,000 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes within a {{convert|60|km|mi|adj=on}} radius of Darwin alone—about three times the amount of lightning that Perth experiences on average in an entire year.<ref name="GUM"/><ref>
{{cite web|title=Significant Weather – January 2002|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/inside/services_policy/public/sigwxsum/sigw0102.shtml|work=Bureau of Meteorology|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=28 June 2011}}
</ref>

{{Weather box|location = [[Darwin Airport]], Northern Territory, Australia, 1991–2020 Averages, extremes 1941–present
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 36.1
|Feb record high C = 36.0
|Mar record high C = 36.0
|Apr record high C = 36.7
|May record high C = 36.0
|Jun record high C = 35.0
|Jul record high C = 35.0
|Aug record high C = 37.0
|Sep record high C = 38.0
|Oct record high C = 38.9
|Nov record high C = 37.3
|Dec record high C = 37.1
|Jan high C = 32.0
|Feb high C = 31.7
|Mar high C = 32.3
|Apr high C = 33.0
|May high C = 32.3
|Jun high C = 31.1
|Jul high C = 31.1
|Aug high C = 31.9
|Sep high C = 33.1
|Oct high C = 33.8
|Nov high C = 33.7
|Dec high C = 33.0
|Jan mean C = 28.5
|Feb mean C = 28.4
|Mar mean C = 28.6
|Apr mean C = 28.6
|May mean C = 27.3
|Jun mean C = 25.5
|Jul mean C = 25.2
|Aug mean C = 25.8
|Sep mean C = 28.0
|Oct mean C = 29.3
|Nov mean C = 29.5
|Dec mean C = 29.2
|Jan low C = 25.1
|Feb low C = 25.1
|Mar low C = 24.9
|Apr low C = 24.2
|May low C = 22.3
|Jun low C = 20.0
|Jul low C = 19.3
|Aug low C = 19.8
|Sep low C = 22.9
|Oct low C = 24.8
|Nov low C = 25.4
|Dec low C = 25.5
|Jan record low C = 20.2
|Feb record low C = 17.2
|Mar record low C = 19.2
|Apr record low C = 16.0
|May record low C = 13.8
|Jun record low C = 12.1
|Jul record low C = 10.4
|Aug record low C = 13.0
|Sep record low C = 14.3
|Oct record low C = 19.0
|Nov record low C = 19.3
|Dec record low C = 19.8
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 470.7
|Feb rain mm = 412.4
|Mar rain mm = 313.7
|Apr rain mm = 105.1
|May rain mm = 20.7
|Jun rain mm = 2.1
|Jul rain mm = 0.9
|Aug rain mm = 0.8
|Sep rain mm = 14.3
|Oct rain mm = 68.9
|Nov rain mm = 143.5
|Dec rain mm = 279.3
|Jan rain days = 19.6
|Feb rain days = 18.2
|Mar rain days = 16.8
|Apr rain days = 7.6
|May rain days = 1.7
|Jun rain days = 0.2
|Jul rain days = 0.1
|Aug rain days = 0.2
|Sep rain days = 1.5
|Oct rain days = 5.5
|Nov rain days = 10.1
|Dec rain days = 15.0
|unit rain days = 1 mm
|Jan afthumidity = 71
|Feb afthumidity = 74
|Mar afthumidity = 67
|Apr afthumidity = 52
|May afthumidity = 41
|Jun afthumidity = 36
|Jul afthumidity = 36
|Aug afthumidity = 38
|Sep afthumidity = 47
|Oct afthumidity = 51
|Nov afthumidity = 58
|Dec afthumidity = 66
|Jan dew point C = 24.2
|Feb dew point C = 24.3
|Mar dew point C = 23.4
|Apr dew point C = 19.8
|May dew point C = 15.8
|Jun dew point C = 12.4
|Jul dew point C = 11.8
|Aug dew point C = 13.1
|Sep dew point C = 18.1
|Oct dew point C = 20.3
|Nov dew point C = 22.3
|Dec dew point C = 23.6
|Jan sun = 176.7
|Feb sun = 162.4
|Mar sun = 213.9
|Apr sun = 264.0
|May sun = 300.7
|Jun sun = 303.0
|Jul sun = 319.3
|Aug sun = 325.5
|Sep sun = 297.0
|Oct sun = 294.5
|Nov sun = 255.0
|Dec sun = 198.4
|Jand sun = 5.7
|Febd sun = 5.8
|Mard sun = 6.9
|Aprd sun = 8.8
|Mayd sun = 9.7
|Jund sun = 10.1
|Juld sun = 10.3
|Augd sun = 10.5
|Sepd sun = 9.9
|Octd sun = 9.5
|Novd sun = 8.5
|Decd sun = 6.5
|Jan percentsun = 45
|Feb percentsun = 48
|Mar percentsun = 57
|Apr percentsun = 74
|May percentsun = 83
|Jun percentsun = 86
|Jul percentsun = 87
|Aug percentsun = 87
|Sep percentsun = 82
|Oct percentsun = 78
|Nov percentsun = 69
|Dec percentsun = 52
|Jan uv = 13
|Feb uv = 14
|Mar uv = 13
|Apr uv = 11
|May uv = 9
|Jun uv = 8
|Jul uv = 8
|Aug uv = 10
|Sep uv = 12
|Oct uv = 13
|Nov uv = 13
|Dec uv = 13

|source 1 =<ref name="DarwinAirportAWS"/><ref>[http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/uv-index/index.jsp Average solar ultraviolet (UV) Index] Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 17 October 2022.</ref>}}

{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Darwin airport<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=014015&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal |title=Monthly climate statistics, Period 1991-2020: Darwin Airport |format=XLSX |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=bom.gov.au |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-5-WMO-Normals-9120/Australia/XLS/WMO_Normals_Excel_Template_NT.xlsx |title=WMO Normals for 1991-2020: NT |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NCEI|National Centers for Environmental Information]] |page=11 |format=XLSX |quote=Darwin Airport - 94120}}</ref>
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Mean number of days with precipitation > {{Convert|10.0|mm|inches|abbr=on}}
|style="background:#40A0FF;color:#000000;"|11.4
|style="background:#66B2FF;color:#000000;"|10.0
|style="background:#66B2FF;color:#000000;"|8.7
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2.8
|style="background:#CCE5FF;color:#000000;"|0.7
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#CCE5FF;color:#000000;"|0.4
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2.2
|style="background:#99CCFF;color:#000000;"|4.1
|style="background:#80C0FF;color:#000000;"|7.4
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|47.7
|-
!Mean number of days with Max temperature > {{Convert|30.0|C|F|abbr=on}}
|style="background:#800000;color:#ffffff;"|26.8
|style="background:#C00000;color:#ffffff;"|23.6
|style="background:#660000;color:#ffffff;"|28.2
|style="background:#660000;color:#ffffff;"|28.8
|style="background:#660000;color:#ffffff;"|28.9
|style="background:#C00000;color:#ffffff;"|23.5
|style="background:#990000;color:#ffffff;"|24.8
|style="background:#660000;color:#ffffff;"|29.3
|style="background:#660000;color:#ffffff;"|29.9
|style="background:#400000;color:#ffffff;"|30.8
|style="background:#660000;color:#ffffff;"|29.8
|style="background:#660000;color:#ffffff;"|29.1
|style="background:#800000;color:#ffffff;border-left-width:medium"|333.4
|-
!Mean number of cloudy days
|style="background:#404040;color:#ffffff;"|23.3
|style="background:#4C4C4C;color:#ffffff;"|21.2
|style="background:#666666;color:#ffffff;"|17.1
|style="background:#A0A0A0;color:#000000;"|11.4
|style="background:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;"|4.2
|style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;"|2.8
|style="background:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;"|1.4
|style="background:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;"|1.4
|style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;"|2.6
|style="background:#E0E0E0;color:#000000;"|3.9
|style="background:#B2B2B2;color:#000000;"|9.7
|style="background:#606060;color:#ffffff;"|19.5
|style="background:#B2B2B2;color:#ffffff;border-left-width:medium"|118.5
|-
!Mean number of days with wind speed > {{Convert|5|m/s|kph|abbr=on}}
|style="background:#C0C0C0;color:#000000;"|7.8
|style="background:#C0C0C0;color:#000000;"|7.5
|style="background:#E3DAC9;color:#000000;"|2.9
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|1.5
|style="background:#E3DAC9;color:#000000;"|2.0
|style="background:#E3DAC9;color:#000000;"|3.1
|style="background:#E3DAC9;color:#000000;"|2.5
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|1.2
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|0.9
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|1.3
|style="background:#F9F6EE;color:#000000;"|1.4
|style="background:#E3DAC9;color:#000000;"|3.5
|style="background:#E3DAC9;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|35.6
|-
!Mean wind speed
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|4.1
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|4.1
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.3
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.3
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.6
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.7
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.6
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.5
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.5
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.6
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.4
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;"|3.6
|style="background:#FEFEFA;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|3.6

|}