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== Classification of techniques == Daitō-ryū techniques involve both jujutsu and ''aiki-jūjutsu'' applications. Techniques are broken up into specific lists which are trained sequentially; that is, a student will not progress to the next "catalogue" of techniques until he/she has mastered the previous one. Upon completion of each catalogue, a student is awarded a certificate or scroll that lists all of the techniques of that level. These act as levels of advancement within the school, and was a common system among classical Japanese martial arts schools before the era of belts, grades, and degrees.<ref name="Kondo Interview">{{cite journal|last=Pranin |first=Stanley |title=Interview with Katsuyuki Kondo (2) |journal=Aiki News |volume=92 |date=Summer 1992 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=311 |access-date=21 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011104913/http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=311 |archive-date=11 October 2007 }}</ref> The first category of techniques in the system, the ''shoden waza'', is not devoid of ''aiki'' elements, though it emphasizes the more direct jujutsu joint manipulation techniques. The second group of techniques, the ''aiki-no-jutsu'', tends to emphasize the utilization of one's opponent's movement or intention in order to subdue him/her—usually with a throwing or a [[pinning hold|pinning]] technique. A list of the catalogues in the Tokimune branch's system and the number of techniques contained within follows:<ref name="Kondo Interview"/> {| class="wikitable" ! ! Catalogue Name ! No. of Techniques |- | 1 | {{Nihongo|Secret Syllabus|秘伝目録|Hiden Mokuroku}} | 118 |- | 2 | {{Nihongo|The Science of Joining Spirit|合気之術|Aiki-no-jutsu}} | 53 |- | 3 | {{Nihongo|Inner Mysteries|秘伝奥義|Hiden Ōgi}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Pranin |first=Stanley |title=Hiden Ogi (No Koto) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Aikido |year=2007 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=260 |access-date=1 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011105045/http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=260 |archive-date=11 October 2007 }}</ref> | 36 |- | 4 | {{Nihongo|Techniques of Self Defense|護身用の手|Goshin'yō-no-te}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Pranin |first=Stanley |title=Goshin'yo No Te |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Aikido |year=2007 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=229 |access-date=1 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011104130/http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=229 |archive-date=11 October 2007}}</ref> | 84 |- | 5 | {{Nihongo|Explanation of the Inheritance|解釈相伝|Kaishaku Sōden}} | 477 |- | 6 | License of Complete Transmission (''Menkyo Kaiden'') | 88 |} Officially, the Daitō-ryū system is said to comprise thousands of techniques, divided into ''omote'' and ''ura'' (literally, 'front' and 'back' versions), but many of these could be seen as variations upon the core techniques. In addition, Sokaku and Tokimune awarded scrolls denoting certain portions of the curriculum, such as techniques utilizing the long and short sword. To the list above, the Takumakai adds the "Daito-ryu Aiki Nito-ryu Hiden".<ref>{{cite web| last = Daito Ryu Aiki Jujutsu Takumakai| title = Techniques| work = The System of Techniques of Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu| publisher = www.asahi-net.or.jp| url = http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~DE6S-UMI/tkm05.htm| access-date = 21 July 2007}}</ref> The Takumakai also makes substantial use of the photographic documents of techniques taught at the Asahi Newspaper ''dojo'' by Morihei Ueshiba and Takeda Sokaku, which are compiled into a series of 11 training manuals called the ''Sōden''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Pranin |first=Stanley |title=Soden |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Aikido |year=2006 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=844 |access-date=21 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016190325/http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=844 |archive-date=16 October 2007}}</ref>
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