Editing Czechs (section)

=== The arts ===
==== Music ====
[[File:Dvorak Bedrich Smetana and friends in 1865.jpg|thumb|''[[Bedřich Smetana]] Among his Friends'', 1865; oil painting by [[František Dvořák (painter)|František Dvořák]]]]
[[Czech music]] had its first significant pieces created in the 11th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eu2009.cz/en/czech-republic/music/history/history-of-czech-music-2374|title=EU2009.cz – History of Czech Music|website=Eu2009.cz|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=15 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715004439/http://www.eu2009.cz/en/czech-republic/music/history/history-of-czech-music-2374/|url-status=live}}</ref> The great progress of Czech artificial music began with the end of the [[Renaissance]] and the early [[Baroque era]], concretely in works of [[Adam Václav Michna z Otradovic]], where the specific character of Czech music was rising up by using the influence of genuine [[traditional music|folk music]]. This tradition determined the development of Czech music and has remained the main sign in the works of great Czech composers of almost all eras – [[Jan Dismas Zelenka]] and [[Josef Mysliveček]] in [[Baroque (music)|Baroque]], [[Bedřich Smetana]] and [[Antonín Dvořák]] in [[Romanticism (music)|Romanticism]], [[Leoš Janáček]], [[Bohuslav Martinů]] and [[Josef Suk (composer)|Josef Suk]] in [[modern classical]] or [[Petr Eben]] and [[Miloslav Kabeláč]] in [[contemporary classical music]].

Czech musicians also played an important role in the development of European music. [[Johann Stamitz|Jan Václav Antonín Stamic]] in 18th-century contributed to the creation of [[Classicism]] in music<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.czechmusic.net/klasika/stamic_jv.htm|title=Jan Václav Stamic|website=Czechmusic.net|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=13 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313035536/http://www.czechmusic.net/klasika/stamic_jv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> by innovations of compositional forms and the founding of the [[Mannheim school]]. Similarly, [[Anton Reicha|Antonín Rejcha]]'s experiments prefigured new compositional techniques in the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/reicha.php|title=Classical Net – Basic Repertoire List – Reicha|website=Classical.net|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221024402/http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/reicha.php|url-status=live}}</ref> The influence of Czech musicians expanded beyond the borders of the [[Europe]]an continent, when [[Antonín Dvořák]] created a new [[United States|American]] classical music style, using the richness of ethnic music of that country during his mission in the [[US]]. The contribution of [[Alois Hába]] to [[microtonal music]] in the 20th century must be also mentioned.

Czech music reached as far as [[Qing China]]. [[Karel Slavíček]] was a [[Jesuit]] missionary, scientist and [[sinologist]] who was introduced to the [[Kangxi Emperor]] on 3 February 1717, in [[Beijing]]. The emperor favored him and employed him as court musician. (Slavíček was a [[Spinet]] player).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinsky.cz/index.php?page=clanek&id=480&lang=cs|title=Český jezuita na čínském dvoře|date=26 February 2009|access-date=6 February 2011|work=cinsky.cz|archive-date=29 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029171429/http://www.cinsky.cz/index.php?page=clanek&id=480&lang=cs|url-status=live}}</ref>

Some notable modern Czech musicians are US-based composer and guitarist [[Ivan Král]], musician and composer [[Jan Hammer]] and the rock band [[The Plastic People of the Universe]] which played an important part in the [[Prague underground (culture)|underground]] movement during the communist regime.

The Czech Republic first entered the [[Eurovision Song Contest]] in [[Eurovision Song Contest 2007|2007]]. Czech performer qualified for the grand final for the first time in [[Eurovision Song Contest 2016|2016]] when singer [[Gabriela Gunčíková]] finished in 25th place. In [[Eurovision Song Contest 2018|2018]] the singer [[Mikolas Josef]] reached the 6th place in the contest being the best result of the Czech Republic until today.

Other important names: [[Franz Benda]], [[Rafael Kubelík]], [[Jan Ladislav Dussek]], [[Vítězslav Novák]], [[Zdeněk Fibich]], [[Jan Kubelík]], [[Jiří Antonín Benda]], [[Julius Fučík (composer)|Julius Fučík]], [[Karel Svoboda (composer)|Karel Svoboda]], [[Karel Kryl]], [[Václav Neumann]], [[Václav Talich]], [[František Xaver Richter]], [[Jan Křtitel Vaňhal]], [[Vojtěch Živný]], [[Josef Bohuslav Foerster]], [[Magdalena Kožená]], [[Karel Ančerl]], [[Ema Destinnová]], [[Maria Jeritza]], [[František Xaver Brixi]], [[Jiří Bělohlávek]], [[Oskar Nedbal]], [[Karel Gott]].<ref>{{cite web
| title = Karel Gott
| url = http://www.czech.cz/en/czech-republic/history/famous-czechs-of-the-past-century/karel-gott/
| publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic
| access-date = 1 February 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080101232540/http://www.czech.cz/en/czech-republic/history/famous-czechs-of-the-past-century/karel-gott/ |archive-date = 1 January 2008}}</ref>

==== Literature ====
[[Jaroslav Seifert]] was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] for his poetry.<ref name="Czechsite" /> [[Božena Němcová]] has become a cultural icon and gained much fame for her book ''Babička ([[The Grandmother]])''.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Partridge
| first = James
| title = Book Review: The Grandmother
| url = http://www.ce-review.org/99/7/books7_partridge.html
| publisher = Central Europe Review
| access-date = 10 February 2008
| archive-date = 23 September 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201638/http://www.ce-review.org/99/7/books7_partridge.html
| url-status = usurped
}}</ref>
Other important Czech writers include [[Milan Kundera]], [[Karel Čapek]], [[Jaroslav Hašek]], [[Jan Neruda]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Bohumil Hrabal]], [[Viktor Dyk]], [[Cosmas of Prague|Kosmas]], [[Pavel Kohout]], [[Alois Jirásek]], [[Josef Škvorecký]], [[Karel Jaromír Erben]], [[Jiří Wolker]], [[Karel Hynek Mácha]], [[Vítězslav Nezval]], [[Arnošt Lustig]], [[Jaroslav Vrchlický]], [[Karel Havlíček Borovský]], [[Ivan Klíma]], [[Egon Erwin Kisch]], [[Vladimír Holan]], [[Julius Zeyer]] or [[Svatopluk Čech]]. From contemporary Czech writers can be mentioned [[Jáchym Topol]], [[Patrik Ouředník]], [[Michal Viewegh]] or [[Daniela Hodrová]]. Important playwrights were Karel Čapek, [[František Langer]] or [[Josef Kajetán Tyl]]. Strong was also the theatrical avant-garde ([[Jan Werich]], [[Jiří Voskovec]], [[Emil František Burian]]). Known journalists were [[Julius Fučík (journalist)|Julius Fučík]], [[Milena Jesenská]] or [[Ferdinand Peroutka]].

==== Visual arts ====
[[File:Slovane v pravlasti 81x61m.jpg|thumb|[[The Slav Epic]] by [[Alfons Mucha]]]][[Mikoláš Aleš]] was a painter, known for redesigning the [[Prague National Theatre|Prague National Theater]].<ref>{{cite web
| last = Tyman
| first = Jaroslav
| title = Mikoláš Aleš
| url = http://www.mikolasales.org/
| access-date = 11 February 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090714224125/http://www.mikolasales.org/
| archive-date = 14 July 2009
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> [[Alphonse Mucha]] was an influential artist in the [[Art Nouveau]] movement of the [[Edwardian Era|Edwardian]] period. [[František Kupka]] was a pioneer and co-founder of the [[abstract art]] movement. Other well-known painters are [[Josef Čapek]], [[Josef Lada]], [[Theodoric of Prague]], [[Wenceslaus Hollar]], [[Toyen]], [[Jan Kupecký]], [[Petr Brandl]], [[Vladimír Vašíček]], [[Václav Brožík]], [[Josef Mánes]], [[Karel Škréta]] or [[Max Švabinský]]. Renowned sculptors were [[Josef Václav Myslbek]] or [[Matyáš Bernard Braun]], photographers [[Jan Saudek]], [[Josef Sudek]], [[František Drtikol]] or [[Josef Koudelka]], illustrators [[Zdeněk Burian]] or [[Adolf Born]], architects [[Jan Kotěra]] or [[Josef Gočár]]. [[Jiří Kylián]] was an important ballet choreographer.

==== Film ====
Film director [[Miloš Forman]], known best for his movie, ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' is of Czech origin and started his career in Czechoslovakia.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Erickson
| first = Hal
| title = Milos Forman, biography
| url = http://www.milosforman.com/bio.html
| website = Allmovie
| access-date = 10 February 2008
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080223003850/http://www.milosforman.com/bio.html
| archive-date = 23 February 2008
| df = dmy-all
}}</ref> Forman was a member of the so-called [[Czech New Wave]]. Other members included [[Jiří Menzel]] ([[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Oscar]] 1967), [[Ivan Passer]], [[Věra Chytilová]] and [[Elmar Klos]] (Oscar 1965). Also the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film was awarded to [[Jan Svěrák]] (1996). The influential [[surrealist]] filmmaker and animator [[Jan Švankmajer]] was born in [[Prague]] and has resided in the Czech Republic throughout his life. In the field of animation and puppet film famous people include [[Zdeněk Miler]], [[Karel Zeman]] and [[Jiří Trnka]].

Actors [[Zdeněk Svěrák]], [[Vlastimil Brodský]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/566.cfm|title=Vlastimil Brodsky – Czech Film|website=Worldpress.org|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105030/http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/566.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Vladimír Menšík]],<ref>{{cite web
| title = Czech-Slovak film Database, Vladimír Menšík
| url = http://www.csfd.cz/herec/1548-mensik-vladimir/
| publisher = POMO Media Group
| access-date = 11 February 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103080157/http://www.csfd.cz/herec/1548-mensik-vladimir/
| archive-date = 3 January 2008
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> [[Libuše Šafránková]] or [[Karel Roden]] have also made a mark in modern Czech history. The most successful Czech erotic actress is [[Silvia Saint]].

==== Modeling ====
The first Czech models have made a breakthrough in the international modeling were [[Paulina Porizkova]] or [[Ivana Trump]]. After the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia many other models succeeded: [[Karolína Kurková]], [[Eva Herzigová]], [[Taťána Kuchařová]], [[Petra Němcová]] and [[Daniela Peštová]].