Editing Culture of Canada (section)

====Foreign relations ====
{{main|Foreign relations of Canada|Canadian peacekeeping}}
[[File:UN-Marty.jpg|thumb|alt=a person in a military uniform wearing a United Nations blue helmet |[[Canadian peacekeeper]] in 1976 wearing the distinctive [[flag of Canada]] and [[Blue beret|UN blue helmet]]]]
The notion of [[peacekeeping]] is deeply embedded in Canadian culture and a distinguishing feature that Canadians feel sets their foreign policy apart from its [[Canada–United States relations|closest ally, the United States]].<ref name="Gutiérrez-Haces 2018 s015">{{cite book | last=Gutiérrez-Haces | first=Maria Teresa | title=Identity and Otherness in Canadian Foreign Policy | series=Collection internationale d'Études canadiennes &#124; International Canadian Studies Series | date=Nov 6, 2018 | pages=231–250 | publisher=University of Ottawa Press | isbn=978-0-7766-2722-9 | url=https://books.openedition.org/uop/1488?lang=en | access-date=March 4, 2024 | archive-date=March 4, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304065237/https://books.openedition.org/uop/1488?lang=en | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Carroll 2016 pp. 167–176">{{cite journal | last=Carroll | first=Michael K | title=Peacekeeping: Canada's past, but not its present and future? | journal=International Journal | publisher=[Sage Publications, Ltd., Canadian International Council] | volume=71 | issue=1 | year=2016 | issn=0020-7020 | jstor=44631172 | pages=167–176 | doi=10.1177/0020702015619857 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44631172 | access-date=February 28, 2024 | archive-date=February 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228173148/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44631172 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Anon. u211">{{cite web| title= Canada's Current Role in World| url= https://www.environicsinstitute.org/docs/default-source/project-documents/canada-s-world-survey/canada%27s-current-role-in-world.pdf?sfvrsn=d5590018_4| publisher= Environics Institute for Survey Research| access-date= 2024-03-04| archive-date= 2024-03-04| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240304065232/https://www.environicsinstitute.org/docs/default-source/project-documents/canada-s-world-survey/canada%27s-current-role-in-world.pdf?sfvrsn=d5590018_4| url-status= live}}</ref> [[Foreign relations of Canada|Canada's foreign policy]] of peacekeeping, [[peace enforcement]], [[peacemaking]], and [[peacebuilding]] has been intertwined with its tendency to pursue [[Multilateralism|multilateral]] and [[Internationalism (politics)|international]] solutions since the end of [[Canada in World War II|World War II]].<ref name="Edgar 2002 pp. 107–117">{{cite journal | last=Edgar | first=Alistair D. | title=Canada's changing participation in international peacekeeping and peace enforcement: What, if anything, does it mean? | journal=Canadian Foreign Policy Journal | volume=10 | issue=1 | date=2002 | issn=1192-6422 | doi=10.1080/11926422.2002.9673309 | pages=107–117}}</ref><ref name="Keating 2002 p.">{{cite book | last=Keating | first=T.F. | title=Canada and World Order: The Multilateralist Tradition in Canadian Foreign Policy | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-19-541529-2 | pages=108, 112}}</ref><ref name="Whitworth 2004 p. 91">{{cite book | last=Whitworth | first=S. | title=Men, Militarism, and UN Peacekeeping: A Gendered Analysis | publisher=Lynne Rienner Pub. | series=Critical security studies | year=2004 | isbn=978-1-58826-296-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82TxOTLCMK4C&pg=PA91 | page=91 | access-date=2024-03-05 | archive-date=2024-03-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315030635/https://books.google.com/books?id=82TxOTLCMK4C&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Gabryś Soroka 2017 p. 40">{{cite book | last1=Gabryś | first1=M. | last2=Soroka | first2=T. | title=Canada as a selective power: Canada's Role and International Position after 1989 | publisher=Neriton, Wydawnictwo | series=Societas | year=2017 | isbn=978-83-7638-792-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTpyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA40 | page=40}}</ref>

Canada's central role in the development of peacekeeping in the mid-1950s gave it credibility and established it as a country fighting for the "common good" of all nations.<ref>{{cite book|author=Fred Gaffen|title=In The Eye of The Storm: A History of Canadian Peacekeeping|year=1987|publisher=Deneau & Wayne Publishers|page=[https://archive.org/details/ineyeofstormhist0000gaff/page/43 43]|isbn=978-0-88879-160-3|url=https://archive.org/details/ineyeofstormhist0000gaff/page/43}}</ref> Canada has since been engaged with the [[United Nations]], [[NATO]] and the [[European Union]] (EU) in promoting its [[middle power]] status into an active role in world affairs.<ref name="Juneau Momani 2022 p. 131">{{cite book | last1=Juneau | first1=T. | last2=Momani | first2=B. | title=Middle Power in the Middle East: Canada's Foreign and Defence Policies in a Changing Region | publisher=University of Toronto Press | year=2022 | isbn=978-1-4875-2847-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=izRjEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT131 | page=131}}</ref>

Canada has long been reluctant to participate in military operations that are not sanctioned by the United Nations,<ref name="Massie 2019 pp. 575–594"/><ref name="Mingst Karns 2019 p. 63">{{cite book | last1=Mingst | first1=K. | last2=Karns | first2=M.P. | title=The United Nations in the Post-cold War Era, Second Edition | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2019 | isbn=978-1-000-30674-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kk2fDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT63| page=63}}</ref> such as the [[Canada and the Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] or the [[Canada and the Iraq War|2003 Invasion of Iraq]].<ref name="Massie 2019 pp. 575–594"/><ref name="Mingst Karns 2019 p. 63"/> Canada has participated in US-led, UN-sanctioned operations such as the [[Operation Friction|first Gulf War]], in [[Canada in the War in Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] and [[Operation Mobile|Libya]].<ref name="Massie 2019 pp. 575–594"/><ref name="Mingst Karns 2019 p. 63"/> The country also participates with its NATO allies in UN-sanctioned missions, such as the [[Operation Echo|Kosovo Conflict]] and in [[Canada–Haiti relations|Haiti]].<ref name="Massie 2019 pp. 575–594">{{cite journal | last=Massie | first=Justin | title=Why Canada Goes to War: Explaining Combat Participation in US-led Coalitions | journal=Canadian Journal of Political Science | publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP) | volume=52 | issue=3 | date=2019-04-30 | issn=0008-4239 | doi=10.1017/s0008423919000040 | pages=575–594}}</ref><ref name="Mingst Karns 2019 p. 63"/>