Editing Cubism (section)

===Crystal Cubism: 1914–1918===
{{main|Crystal Cubism}}
[[File:Jean Metzinger, 1915, Soldat jouant aux échecs (Soldier at a Game of Chess), oil on canvas, 81.3 x 61 cm, Smart Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|Jean Metzinger, 1914–15, ''[[Soldier at a Game of Chess|Soldat jouant aux échecs (Soldier at a Game of Chess, Le Soldat à la partie d'échecs)]]'', oil on canvas, 81.3 × 61 cm, [[Smart Museum of Art]], University of Chicago]]
A significant modification of Cubism between 1914 and 1916 was signaled by a shift towards a strong emphasis on large overlapping geometric planes and flat surface activity. This grouping of styles of painting and sculpture, especially significant between 1917 and 1920, was practiced by several artists; particularly those under contract with the art dealer and collector [[Léonce Rosenberg]]. The tightening of the compositions, the clarity and sense of order reflected in these works, led to its being referred to by the critic [[Maurice Raynal]] as 'crystal' Cubism. Considerations manifested by Cubists prior to the outset of [[World War I]]—such as the [[Fourth dimension in art|fourth dimension]], dynamism of modern life, the occult, and [[Henri Bergson]]'s concept of [[Duration (philosophy)|duration]]—had now been vacated, replaced by a purely formal frame of reference.<ref name="Green, 1987">[https://books.google.com/books?id=e7ZuQgAACAAJ&q=Christopher+Green,+%27%27Cubism+and+Its+Enemies:+Modern+Movements Christopher Green, ''Cubism and Its Enemies: Modern Movements and Reaction in French Art, 1916–1928''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101225927/https://books.google.com/books?id=e7ZuQgAACAAJ&dq=Christopher+Green,+%27%27Cubism+and+Its+Enemies:+Modern+Movements&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gliFVJKzJcizUe3AghA&redir_esc=y |date=2016-01-01 }}, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1987, {{ISBN|0300034687}}</ref>

Crystal Cubism, and its associative ''rappel à l'ordre'', has been linked with an inclination—by those who served the armed forces and by those who remained in the civilian sector—to escape the realities of the Great War, both during and directly following the conflict. The purifying of Cubism from 1914 through the mid-1920s, with its cohesive unity and voluntary constraints, has been linked to a much broader [[Ideology|ideological]] transformation towards [[conservatism]] in both French society and [[Culture of France|French culture]].<ref name="Christopher Green" />