Editing Consul (section)

==French Revolution==

===French Republic 1799–1804===
{{main article|French Consulate}}
[[File:3consuls.jpg|thumb|right|220px|A portrait of the three consuls, [[Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès]], [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] and [[Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance|Charles-François Lebrun]] (left to right)]]

After [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] [[18 Brumaire|staged a coup]] against the [[French Directory|Directory]] government in November 1799, the French Republic adopted a [[Constitution of the Year VIII|constitution]] which conferred executive powers upon three consuls, elected for a period of ten years. In reality, the first consul, Bonaparte, dominated his two colleagues and held supreme power, soon making himself consul for life (1802) and eventually, in 1804, [[First French Empire|emperor]].

The office was held by:

* [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], [[Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès]], [[Roger Ducos]], provisional consuls (10 November – 12 December 1799)
* [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] (first consul), [[Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès|Jean-Jacques Cambacérès]] (second consul), [[Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance|Charles-François Lebrun]] (third consul), consuls (12 December 1799 – 18 May 1804)

===Bolognese Republic, 1796===
The short-lived [[Bolognese Republic]], proclaimed in 1796 as a [[French client republic]] in the Central Italian city of [[Bologna]], had a government consisting of nine consuls and its head of state was the ''Presidente del Magistrato'', i.e., [[chief magistrate]], a presiding office held for four months by one of the consuls. Bologna already had consuls at some parts of its Medieval history.

===Roman Republic, 1798–1800===
The French-sponsored [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Roman Republic]] (15 February 1798 – 23 June 1800) was headed by multiple consuls:
* Francesco Riganti, Carlo Luigi Costantini, Duke Bonelli-Crescenzi, Antonio Bassi, Gioacchino Pessuti, Angelo Stampa, Domenico Maggi, provisional consuls (15 February – 20 March 1798)
* [[Liborio Angelucci]], Giacomo De Mattheis, Panazzi, Reppi, [[Ennio Quirino Visconti]], consuls (20 March – September 1798)
* Brigi, Calisti, Francesco Pierelli, Giuseppe Rey, Federico Maria Domenico Michele, Zaccaleoni, consuls (September – 24 July 1799)

Consular rule was interrupted by the [[Kingdom of Naples|Neapolitan]] occupation (27 November – 12 December 1798), which installed a Provisional Government:
* Prince Giambattista [[Borghese]], Prince Paolo-Maria [[Aldobrandini]], Prince Gibrielli, Marchese Camillo Massimo, Giovanni Ricci (29 November 1798 - 12 December 1798)

Rome was occupied by France (11 July – 28 September 1799) and again by Naples (30 September 1799 – 23 June 1800), bringing an end to the Roman Republic.