Editing Community of Madrid (section)

=== Province ===
[[File:Fabricación de tinajones en Colmenar de Oreja (Ulpiano Checa.JPG|thumb|right|upright=0.85|Manufacturing of big clay pots in [[Colmenar de Oreja]] (by [[Ulpiano Checa]])]]
The current territory of the region was roughly defined with the [[1833 territorial division of Spain|1833 reorganization of Spain into provinces]] promoted by [[Javier de Burgos]], in which the province of Madrid was classified in the region of [[New Castile (Spain)|New Castile]] (lacking the later any sort of administrative institution at the regional level nonetheless). The government institution at the provincial level was the [[Provincial deputation (Spain)|deputation]] (''diputación''). In addition to the former body, another provincial political authority was the [[civil governor]] discretionarily designated by the central government. Two modest changes to the 1833 provincial boundaries that concerned Madrid took place shortly before 1845, when Aranjuez (187&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)  left the [[province of Toledo]] and joined that of Marid, and in 1850, when the small municipality of [[Valdeavero]] (19&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), until then part of the [[province of Guadalajara]], joined the province of Madrid.{{Sfn|Burgueño|1990|pp=403; 406}}

[[File:Canal de Isabel II. Puente-acueducto de la Sima, Charles Clifford.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.85|Construction of the bridge-aqueduct of the chasm, part of the [[Canal de Isabel II]] in 1854 (by [[Charles Clifford (photographer)|Charles Clifford]])]]

One of the limits so far for the growth of the capital, water supply, experienced a substantial change in 1858 following the arrival to the city of Madrid of water from the [[Lozoya River]] with the inauguration of the bringing of the [[Canal de Isabel II]].{{Sfn|Bahamonde Magro|Fernández García|2008|p=489}}
[[File:Ericsson factory in Getafe, Spain - Manufacturing of telephone lines (1924).jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.85|Female workers in a phone-line factory managed by [[Ericsson]] in Getafe (1924)]]

In decadence since the middle 18th century, the city of [[Alcalá de Henares]], experienced a relative demographic and economic upturn in the second half of the 19th century, based on its newly acquired condition of military outpost, to which an embryonic industrial nucleus was also added.{{Sfn|Gómez Mendoza|2008|pp=625-628}}

During the reign of [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]] the south of the province was made up of small agricultural settlements of limited population. Among them, Getafe stood out in population,{{Sfn|García Alcalá|2008|p=650}} and became the seat of a [[Judicial districts of Spain|judicial district]] in 1834,{{Sfn|García Alcalá|2008|p=652}} with the main economic activity of the former jurisdiction still being non-irrigated agriculture.{{Sfn|García Alcalá|2008|p=652}} [[Rail transport]] arrived in 1851, with the [[Strawberry train]], the railway connecting Madrid and [[Aranjuez]].
[[File:Edificio de la Diputación Provincial de Madrid 1939.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.85|Ruins of the headquarters of the provincial deputation in 1939]]

During the [[Spanish Civil War]] (1936–1939), the territory was divided by the battlefront, with the southwest of the province controlled by the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|rebel faction]], and the capital as well as a great part of the rest of the province by the [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|side loyal to the Republic]]. The city of Madrid was target of many bombings during the conflict, becoming the first big city in Europe to suffer such systematic and massive air attacks.{{Sfn|Sánchez Pérez|2008|p=555}}

Since the 1970s, a process of a population transfer from the capital to the rest of municipalities of the metropolitan area emerged. This process accelerated when the autonomous community was founded, and it took place along a strong decrease of birth rates.{{Sfn|Fernández García|2008|p=733}}