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===Vocalizations=== Resident populations of common buzzards tend to vocalize all year around, whereas migrants tend to vocalize only during the breeding season. Both nominate buzzards and steppe buzzards (and their numerous related subspecies within their types) tend to have similar voices. The main call of the species is a plaintive, far-carrying ''pee-yow'' or ''peee-oo'', used as both contact call and more excitedly in aerial displays. Their call is sharper, more ringing when used in aggression, tends to be more drawn-out and wavering when chasing intruders, sharper, more yelping when as warning when approaching the nest or shorter and more explosive when called in alarm. Other variations of their vocal performances include a [[cat]]-like ''mew'', uttered repeatedly on the wing or when perched, especially in display; a repeated ''mah'' has been recorded as uttered by pairs answering each other, further chuckles and croaks have also been recorded at nests.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Brown/><ref name= Fryer>Fryer, G. (1986). ''Notes on the breeding biology of the buzzard''. British Birds, 79(1), 18β28.</ref> Juveniles can usually be distinguished by the discordant nature of their calls compared to those of adults.<ref name= Walls>Walls, S. S., & Kenward, R. E. (2001). ''Spatial consequences of relatedness and age in buzzards''. Animal Behaviour, 61(6), 1069β1078.</ref>
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