Editing Cohabitation (section)

=== Fertility ===
Regarding cohabitation as a [[fertility factor (demography)|fertility factor]], a large survey in the United States came to the result that married women had an average of 1.9 children, compared to 1.3 among those cohabiting. The corresponding numbers for men were 1.7 and 1.1, respectively. The difference of 0.6 children for both sexes was expected to decrease to between 0.2 and 0.3 over the lifetime when correcting for the [[confounder]] that married people have their children earlier in life.<ref name=us2012>{{cite web |author1=Gladys Martinez |author2=Kimberly Daniels |author3=Anjani Chandra |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr051.pdf |title=Fertility of Men and Women Aged 15–44 Years in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–2010 |publisher=Division of Vital Statistics, [[National Center for Health Statistics]] |year=2012}}</ref>

A study of the United States and multiple countries in Europe came to the result that women who continue to cohabit after birth have significantly lower probability of having a second child than married women in all countries except those in Eastern Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=European Journal of Population |year=2014 |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=437–464 |title=How Similar are Cohabiting and Married Parents? Second Conception Risks by Union Type in the United States and Across Europe |author=Brienna Perelli-Harris |doi=10.1007/s10680-014-9320-2 |pmid=25395696 |pmc=4221046}}</ref> Another study, on the contrary, came to the result that cohabiting couples in France have equal fertility as married ones.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Fertility in Advanced Societies: A Review of Research |author1=Nicoletta Balbo |author2=Francesco C. Billari |author3=Melinda Mills |journal=European Journal of Population |year=2013 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=1–38 |doi=10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y |pmid=23440941 |pmc=3576563}}</ref> Also, Russians have a higher fertility within cohabitation, while Romanians rather tend to have childless marriages.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Potarca, Mills, Lesnard|year=2013 |title=Family Formation Trajectories in Romania, the Russian Federation and France: Towards the Second Demographic Transition? |journal=European Journal of Population |volume=29 |pages=69–101 |s2cid=3270388 |url=http://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9l2o8ij6a6 |doi=10.1007/s10680-012-9279-9}}</ref>

Survey data from 2003 in [[Romania]] came to the result that marriage equalized the total fertility rate among both highly educated and low educated people to approximately 1.4. Among those cohabiting, on the other hand, lower level of education increased fertility rate to 1.7, and a higher level of education decreased it to 0.7.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Recent Features of Cohabitational and Marital Fertility in Romania|author1=Jan M. Hoem |author2=Cornelia Mureşan |author3=Mihaela Hărăguş |journal=Population English Edition|year=2013 |url=http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/working/wp-2013-007.pdf}}</ref> On the other hand, another study came to the result that Romanian women with little education have about equal fertility in marital and cohabiting partnerships.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Hoem, Jan M. |author2=Muresan, Cornelia |title=The Role of Consensual Unions in Romanian Total Fertility |journal=Stockholm Research Reports in Demography |year=2011 |url=http://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/projects_publications/publications_1904/other_working_papers/the_role_of_consensual_unions_in_romanian_total_fertility_4544.htm|access-date=20 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303104323/http://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/projects_publications/publications_1904/other_working_papers/the_role_of_consensual_unions_in_romanian_total_fertility_4544.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>