Editing Cognitive neuroscience (section)

===20th century===

====Cognitive revolution====
{{Main|Cognitive revolution}}
At the start of the 20th century, attitudes in America were characterized by pragmatism, which led to a preference for [[behaviorism]] as the primary approach in [[psychology]]. [[John B. Watson|J.B. Watson]] was a key figure with his stimulus-response approach. By conducting experiments on animals he was aiming to be able to predict and control behavior. Behaviorism eventually failed because it could not provide realistic psychology of human action and thought – it focused primarily on stimulus-response associations at the expense of explaining phenomena like thought and imagination. This led to what is often termed as the "cognitive revolution".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mandler |first1=George |title=Origins of the cognitive (r)evolution |journal=Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences |date=2002 |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=339–353 |doi=10.1002/jhbs.10066 |pmid=12404267 |url=https://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/22s8x969 }}</ref>

====Neuron doctrine====
{{Main|Neuron doctrine}}
In the early 20th century, Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Camillo Golgi began working on the structure of the neuron. Golgi developed a [[Golgi's method|silver staining method]] that could entirely stain several cells in a particular area, leading him to believe that neurons were directly connected with each other in one cytoplasm. Cajal challenged this view after staining areas of the brain that had less myelin and discovering that neurons were discrete cells. Cajal also discovered that cells transmit electrical signals down the neuron in one direction only. Both Golgi and Cajal were awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for this work on the neuron doctrine.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/|title= The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906}}</ref>