Editing Claude Monet (section)

===Failing sight===
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Clémentel monet in seinen gaerten 20008 1.jpg
| image2            = Clémentel monet in seinen gaerten 20008 2.jpg
| alt1              = A grainy photo of a bearded man standing before a bridge
| alt2              = A grainy photo of a bearded man standing on a path before a tree and pond
| footer            = Monet in his garden at Giverny, {{Circa|1917}}
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Monet's second wife, Alice, died in 1911, and his oldest son, Jean, who had married Alice's daughter, Blanche, Monet's particular favourite, died in 1914.<ref name="guggenheim">[http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_bio_165.html Biography for Claude Monet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070120180622/http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_bio_165.html|date=20 January 2007}} Guggenheim Collection. Retrieved 6 January 2007.</ref> Their deaths left Monet depressed, as Blanche cared for him.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> It was during this time that Monet began to develop the first signs of possible [[cataract]]s.<ref name=":12">Forge, Andrew, and Gordon, Robert, ''Monet'', page 224. Harry N. Abrams, 1989.</ref> In 1913, Monet travelled to London to consult the German ophthalmologist [[Richard Liebreich]]. He was prescribed new glasses and rejected cataract surgery for the right eye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Gruener|first=Anna|date=1 May 2015|title=The effect of cataracts and cataract surgery on Claude Monet|journal=British Journal of General Practice|language=en|volume=65|issue=634|pages=254–255|doi=10.3399/bjgp15X684949|issn=0960-1643|pmc=4408507|pmid=25918321|doi-access=free}}</ref> The next year, Monet, encouraged by Clemenceau, made plans to construct a new, large studio that he could use to create a "decorative cycle of paintings devoted to the water garden".<ref name=":11" />

In the following years, his perception of colour suffered; his broad strokes were broader and his paintings were increasingly darker. To achieve his desired outcome, he began to label his tubes of paint, kept a strict order on his palette and wore a straw hat to negate [[Glare (vision)|glare]].<ref name=":0" /> He approached painting by formulating the ideas and features in his mind, taking the "motif in large masses" and transcribing them through memory and imagination. This was due to him being "insensitive" to the "finer shades of tonalities and colors seen close up".{{Sfn|Bailey|Rishel|Rosenthal|1989|p=84}}

Monet's output decreased as he became withdrawn, although he did produce several [[panel painting]]s for the [[Government of France|French Government]], from 1914 to 1918 to great financial success and he would later create works for the state.<ref name=":0" />{{Sfn|Bailey|Rishel|Rosenthal|1989|pp=57}}{{Sfn|Bailey|Rishel|Rosenthal|1989|pp=58}} His work on the "cycle of paintings" mostly occurred around 1916 to 1921.<ref name=":11" /> Cataract surgery was once again recommended, this time by Clemenceau.<ref name=":0" /> Monet—who was apprehensive, following [[Honoré Daumier]] and [[Mary Cassatt]]'s botched surgeries—stated that he would rather have poor sight and perhaps abandon painting than forego "a little of these things that I love".<ref name=":0" /> In 1919, Monet began a series of landscape paintings, "in full force" although he was not pleased with the outcome.{{Sfn|Bailey|Rishel|Rosenthal|1989|pp=58}} By October, the weather caused Monet to cease plein air painting and the next month he sold four of the eleven ''Water Lilies'' paintings, despite his then-reluctance to relinquish his work.{{Sfn|Bailey|Rishel|Rosenthal|1989|pp=58}} The series inspired praise from his peers; his later works were well received by dealers and collectors, and he received 200,000 francs from one collector.{{Sfn|Bailey|Rishel|Rosenthal|1989|pp=58}}

In 1922 a prescription of [[Mydriasis|mydriatics]] provided short-lived relief. He eventually underwent [[cataract surgery]] in 1923. Persistent [[cyanopsia]] and [[Aphakia|aphakic]] [[Glasses|spectacles]] proved to be a struggle. Now "able to see the real colours", he began to destroy canvases from his pre-operative period.<ref name=":0" /> Upon receiving [[Sunglasses|tinted]] [[Carl Zeiss AG|Zeiss]] lenses, Monet was laudatory, although his left eye soon had to be entirely covered by a black lens. By 1925, his visual impairment was improved and he began to retouch some of his pre-operative works, with bluer water lilies than before.<ref>[http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/medicalscience/story/0,9837,724257,00.html Let the light shine in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725162228/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/medicalscience/story/0,9837,724257,00.html |date=25 July 2008 }} Guardian News, 30 May 2002. Retrieved 6 January 2007.</ref><ref name=":0" />

During [[World War I]], in which his younger son, Michel, served, Monet painted a ''[[Weeping Willow (painting)|Weeping Willow]]'' series as homage to the French fallen soldiers.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://kimbellart.org/collection/ap-199602| title = Kimbell Art Museum, Weeping Willows| access-date = 29 May 2021| archive-date = 3 June 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210603141038/https://kimbellart.org/collection/ap-199602| url-status = live}}</ref> He became deeply dedicated to the decorations of his garden during the war.{{Sfn|Bailey|Rishel|Rosenthal|1989|pp=57}}

<gallery widths="180px" heights="150px" perrow="4" caption="Late paintings">
File:Nymphéas reflets de saule 1916-19.jpg|''[[Water Lilies]] and Reflections of a Willow'' (1916–1919), [[Musée Marmottan Monet]]
File:Claude Monet, Water-Lily Pond and Weeping Willow.JPG|''Water-Lily Pond and Weeping Willow'', 1916–1919, Sale Christie's New York, 1998
File:Claude Monet, Weeping Willow.JPG|''[[Weeping Willow (painting)|Weeping Willow]]'', 1918, [[Columbus Museum of Art]]
File:Claude Monet Weeping Willow.jpg|''Weeping Willow'', 1918–19, [[Kimball Art Museum]], [[Fort Worth]], Monet's ''Weeping Willow'' paintings were an homage to the fallen French soldiers of World War I
File:Monet - Das Haus in den Rosen.jpeg|''House Among the Roses'', between 1917 and 1919, [[Albertina]], Vienna
File:Monet- Der Rosenweg in Giverny.jpeg|''The Rose Walk, Giverny'', 1920–1922, [[Musée Marmottan Monet]]
File:1920-22 Claude Monet The Japanese Footbridge MOMA NY anagoria.JPG|''The Japanese Footbridge'', 1920–1922, [[Museum of Modern Art]]
File:Claude Monet - Wisteria - Google Art Project.jpg|''Wisteria'', 1920–1925, [[Kunstmuseum Den Haag]]
</gallery>