Editing Cinema of Italy (section)

====Futurist cinema (1910s)====
{{main|Italian futurism in cinema}}
[[File:Thais Bragaglia 1917 06.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Thaïs (Italian film)|Thaïs]]'' by [[Anton Giulio Bragaglia]] (1917)]]

[[Italian futurism in cinema|Italian futurist cinema]] was the oldest movement of European [[avant-garde]] cinema.<ref name="Il cinema delle avanguardie"/> Italian [[futurism]], an [[Art movement|artistic]] and [[social movement]], impacted the Italian film industry from 1916 to 1919.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.italiamia.com/cinema-italy-avant-garde-1911-1919/|title=Cinema of Italy: Avant-garde (1911-1919)|access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref> It influenced [[Russian Futurism|Russian Futurist cinema]]<ref name="Russian">{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/S0304-3479(86)80003-5|title = Russian Futurism and the Cinema: Majakovskij's Film Work of 1913|journal = Russian Literature|volume = 19|issue = 2|pages = 175–191|year = 1986|last1 = Heil|first1 = Jerry}}</ref> and [[German Expressionism|German Expressionist cinema]].<ref name="German">{{cite web|url=http://db.arts.usf.edu/data/stein/reader.asp?n=whatisexpressionism|title=What Causes German Expressionism?|access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref> Its cultural importance was considerable and influenced all subsequent avant-gardes, as well as some authors of narrative cinema; its echo expands to the dreamlike visions of some films by [[Alfred Hitchcock]].<ref name="sardegnasoprattutto">{{cite web|url=http://www.sardegnasoprattutto.com/archives/3259|title=Il Futurismo: un trionfo italiano a New York|access-date=12 November 2022|language=it}}</ref>

Futurism emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city. Its key figures were the Italians [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]], [[Umberto Boccioni]], [[Carlo Carrà]], [[Fortunato Depero]], [[Gino Severini]], [[Giacomo Balla]], and [[Luigi Russolo]]. It glorified modernity and aimed to liberate Italy from the weight of its past.<ref name="20th-Century art book">{{cite book|title=The 20th-Century art book|year=2001|publisher=Phaidon Press|location=dsdLondon|isbn=978-0714835426|edition=Reprinted.}}</ref>

The 1916 Manifesto of Futuristic Cinematography was signed by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Armando Ginna, Bruno Corra, Giacomo Balla and others. To the Futurists, cinema was an ideal art form, being a fresh medium, and able to be manipulated by speed, special effects and editing. Most of the futuristic-themed films of this period have been lost, but critics cite ''[[Thaïs (Italian film)|Thaïs]]'' (1917) by [[Anton Giulio Bragaglia]] as one of the most influential, serving as the main inspiration for [[German Expressionism|German Expressionist cinema]] in the following decade.

The Italian film industry struggled against rising foreign competition in the years following [[World War I]].<ref name=katz /> Several major studios, among them Cines and Ambrosio, formed the Unione Cinematografica Italiana to coordinate a national strategy for film production. This effort was largely unsuccessful, however, due to a wide disconnect between production and exhibition (some movies weren't released until several years after they were produced).<ref>{{cite book|first=Steve |last=Ricci|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tuq7FNacGvgC&pg=PA4|title=Cinema and Fascism: Italian Film and Society, 1922–1943|publisher=University of California Press|year=2008|page=4|isbn = 9780520941281}}</ref>
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